SPED Praxis Mild to Moderate

Video modeling may be used to teach all of the following skills EXCEPT:

Discrete trial interventions

Caroline is a pre-k student diagnosed with autism. Which of the following strategies will most benefit her ability to learn reading skills?

Give her parents books to read with her at home

A student who has a severe visual Impairment will soon join a fourth class. Which classroom strategy is most likely benefit the new student?

Giving verbal descriptions of classroom activities

Variations from standard speech and language which are considered normal are:

Language differences

Professionals who provide instruction and other support for students with disabilities by teaching functional and other living skills as well as fine motor skills are:

Occupational therapists

Who are the central members of the IEP team?

Parents

Dysgraphia

disorder related to written language

mood disorders

emotional disorder that includes problems with affect (example: depression)

Constadio was beaten and frequently denied food by his parents during his childhood; however, he has overcome this maltreatment to become valedictorian of his senior class and a community volunteer working with other children suffering from poverty or abuse. Constadio has recovered from his experiences and suffered no long-term harm. He demonstrates the attribute of:

resiliency

Alternative Teaching

pulling a small group of students to the side of the room for instruction

Many students with disabilities receive instructions in social skills because

social skills are crucial for success in an inclusive classroom

Jamison intentionally acts out and breaks rules. He is not eligible under the category of emotional disturbance because he does not meet any of the other criteria. Jamison is:

socially maladjusted

A common barrier to parent and professional collaboration is:

Some parents have a lack of resources such as transportation and child care

Which is a less than ideal example of collaboration for successful inclusion?

Special education teachers act as assistants to regular education teachers in the classroom

Which is a less than ideal example of collaboration for successful inclusion?

Special education teachers pull students with disabilities from the general education classroom and work independently with them

The federal definition of learning disabilities has changed very little since:

1975

Which population is most likely to be served in special education placements that separate them from their non-disabled peers than other students?

African-Americans

Brian was diagnosed with a disability as a first grader. Which of the following is a common outcome from this diagnosis?

All of the answers are correct

Addressing behavior for students with traumatic brain injuries may include all of the following EXCEPT

All professionals should respond differently to the same behavior

Which of the following is TRUE regarding students with HIV and AIDS?

All school professionals should use universal precautions in addressing illness and injury.

John is a ninth-grade student who has been identified as having an orthopedic impairment from cerebral palsy. Which of the following accommodations is most appropriate for John during his inclusive science class?

Allowing him to use a computer with word-prediction software to take notes

Which of the following best demonstrates Glasser's lead teacher concept?

Allowing students to identify interesting research topics for term papers

Cosi is a 4th grade student with a specific learning disability in math. Which of the following would be an appropriate accommodation for her gen-ed teacher to make?

Allowing the student to complete only evens or odds on a math worksheet

By far, the most comprehensive legislation protecting the rights of individuals with disabilities, no matter their age, is

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

By far, the most comprehensive legislation protecting the rights of individuals with disabilities, no matter their age, is:

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

What is the difference between an IFSP and an IEP?

An IFSP is created for children from birth to age three. An IEP is created for school-age children aged three to twenty-one.

The classification of severe Intellectual Disability is determined primarily on the basis of

An IQ of 20-35​

Keith is a high school student with an intellectual disability who spends part of the school day in a self-contained classroom. Which of the following supplementary curriculum components for life skills will provide Keith with the most independence?

An adapted cookbook with picture directions

Curriculum overlapping is an example of:

An aid for learning

A two-stage assessment process should rely on:

An aptitude test and off-level testing

Which of the following is a mid-tech example of assistive technology to facilitate learning?

An audio recorder used during a class lecture

"Jenna will increase her decoding and reading comprehension from a first grade level to a second grade level" is an example of a/an:

Annual goal

Which of the following is an essential component of an Individualized Education Program (IEP)

Annual goals

Mr. Fuentas called Sarah's parents to schedule a meeting to update information on Sarah's learning progress and to set goals for the upcoming year. This type of meeting is called a/an:

Annual review

Who would most benefit from the use of assistive technology?

Any student who requires extra support in order to reach their educational needs as indicated in an IEP

The movement of tongue, teeth, lips, and palate all affect:

Articulation

Kadijah is a sixth-grade student who often engages in disruptive behaviors in the classroom. She was recently referred to the Response to Intervention (RTI) team at the school, and they met to discuss her records. Her elementary school file shows that Kadijah has average intelligence and average grades, and that behavioral issues were reported several times. Which of the following should be the first step to determining the cause of Kadijah's behavioral difficulties?

Asking Kadijah's teachers to complete an antecedent, behavior, consequence chart

A variety of practices related to assessment and instruction can be effective in addressing the needs of students from diverse groups, whether they have disabilities or not. An example of these practices includes:

Assessment redesign and alternative assessment approaches

Lizbeth is diagnosed with a specific learning disability. Her IEP indicates that she may use a word processing device for all written tasks. This is an example of:

Assistive Technology

Which behavior would be expected at the mild level of emotional/behavioral disorders?

Attention-seeking

Priming, discrete trial intervention, and prompting are instructional strategies which have been demonstrated to be effective with students with:

Autism

Which of the following is a developmental significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age 3, that adversely affects a child's educational performance?

Autism

The new DSM uses a single classification for individuals who have significant difficulties in the domains of social interactions or communication and repetitive behavior and fixated interests. This classification is:

Autism spectrum disorder

Mr. Sempler has a ninth-grade student with EBD who frequently engages in inappropriate and disruptive behavior in the classroom. Mr. Sempler decides to conduct a functional behavioral assessment (FBA) to establish a behavior plan for the student. Place each of the following steps in an FBA in sequence from left to right, beginning with the first step.

B. Describe the targeted behavior in measurable, observable terms C. Collect information on possible functions of the targeted behavior E. Categorize the behavior to determine the deficit A. Analyze the behavior and form a hypothesis on the function of the behavior D. Devise an intervention plan to replace the behavior

Tabitha's hearing loss occurred at the age of five as the result of chronic ear infections. Her hearing loss is considered:

B. postlingual

Ms. Pug is a new 1st grade resource teacher. She is deciding when she should establish classroom procedures for her classroom. When would you advise Ms. Pug establish these procedures?

Before students arrive

Attention to community membership skills for individuals with ASD should begin:

Before the formal transition steps begin.

Individuals with a severe form of this disorder typically die by the time they are in their late teens or early twenties. The first symptoms usually appear when children are toddlers. By age 11 or 12, they need a wheelchair for mobility due to the deterioration of muscles. The deterioration of muscles continues through adolescence, eventually affecting the lungs and heart. This disorder is known as

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

In some cases, cognitive abilities cannot be accurately assessed using standardized tests. Which of the following is an alternative approach to assess student learning needs and ability?

Dynamic assessment

Problems with writing are referred to as:

Dysgraphia

One of the differences between ESL programs and bilingual programs is:

ESL programs do not use the student's native language to teach the curriculum

Which statement is TRUE regarding identifying students who are gifted and talented?

Each state sets its own definition and uses its own procedure for identifying students.

The term used in IDEA for emotional and behavioral disorders is:

Emotional disturbance

Cho, who speaks Mandarin, is immediately enrolled in a class where she will be taught English as a foreign language. This is called a/an:

English as a second language program

Which of the following is the most appropriate use of assistive technology that a teacher can implement for a student with low vision?

Enlarging books on a large screen so the student is better able to see the materials

Sheila is a student who is deaf in your class who has a sign language interpreter to help her during class instruction. At times, Sheila does not understand what is happening in the class because she misses contributions of her peers. What can you do to help Sheila fully participate in class?

Ensure that the peers face Sheila when talking and raise their hand to give Sheila a visual cue.

Which of the following is most associated with seizures?

Epilepsy

Which of the following involves counting the number of behavior occurs?

Event recording

Ms. Tuttle makes decisions about what to teach her students and determines how effective that teaching/learning process has been based on data she gathered. Ms. Tuttle uses:

Evidence-based practices

Jessica and Ross have a child who has just been diagnosed with Autism and they want to better understand what that means. How do you best describe this to them?

Explain that their daughter may have a different experience in school and life, but an IEP will help reach her goals

The ability to produce language is:

Expressive language

Ms. Boxcard realizes that one of her students may be misbehaving during class in order get the attention of Ms. Boxcard. She decides to ignore the students behaviors so the student stops associating the teachers attention with the behavior. Which technique is this an example of?

Extinction

All the following are postnatal causes of an intellectual disability EXCEPT:

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Which of the following conditions can be prevented by proper prenatal care?

Fetal alcohol syndrome​

Which of the following activities would enable a student with an intellectual disability to best demonstrate knowledge of rocks and the rock cycle?

Filling in a concept map of the rock cycle with examples for each type of rock

Which of the following is an appropriate functional writing skill to teach a high school student with an intellectual disability?

Filling out job application

Emily is 2 years old and is significantly behind her playmates in her gross motor skills. Her mother wants her evaluated for disabilities. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

For children ages birth to 2 years old, special education is not always required by federal law.

Ms. Warren teaches a self-contained middle school history class for students diagnosed as emotionally disturbed. These students struggle to build relationships with peers and teachers and also exhibit challenging behaviors regularly. Which grouping strategy can Ms. Warren use to most effectively support her students needs?

Formal homogenous groups

Related service providers include all of the following EXCEPT:

General Education teachers

In a full inclusion model, services to students with disabilities are available in_____________?

General education classrooms

Giftedness is generally considered to be the result of a combination of what two factors?

Genetics and environment

A middle school special education teacher has been assigned a new student with a diagnosis of Autism. The student has a history of having difficulty with transitions because the student does not clearly anticipate what is coming next. Which of the following strategies would help the student anticipate transitions?

Giving the student a schedule with pictures of clocks that show what time classes change

Wendall is a 5th grade student diagnosed with Down Syndrome. He is in an inclusion classroom but struggles when he is put a homogenous group during math. What steps could be most beneficial in helping him during math?

Grouping her with higher performing students

Each of the following is an example of strategies that make instruction effective for all students EXCEPT:

Have students take turns reciting

Each of the following is an example of strategies that make instruction effective for all students EXCEPT:

Have students take turns reciting.

For co-teaching to be effective, the individuals working together must do each of the following EXCEPT:

Have the same educational philosophy

Which of the following would be an appropriate writing unit for a 9th grade student diagnosed with a specific learning disability in abstract reasoning, who also struggles with executive functioning? Using a graphic organizer, have the student write a 3-paragraph argumentative essay

Have the student write a paragraph with a clear topic sentence, supporting details, and transitions between sentences

The most common defining problem for individuals with learning disabilities is?

Having difficulty in academic achievement.

The most restrictive environment in which an individual might be placed and receive instruction is that of:

Institutional setting

Chris's favorite class is P.E. Although Chris uses a wheelchair for mobility due to physical disabilities, he thoroughly enjoys P.E. class. However, three times a week he misses P.E. because he has physical therapy. Chris's school does NOT participate in which of the following?

Integrated delivery of related services

Patrick is a student in the third grade who is diagnosed as emotionally disturbed. He is not responsive to therapeutic interventions and has tested far below average in his cognitive abilities. What may be a co-occurring condition for Patrick?

Intellectual Disability

Assessment of adaptive behaviors is completed through:

Interviews with the child's parents and teacher. Surveys with the parents and teacher. Direct observation of the student. All of the above.

Mrs. Jones opened the IEP meeting by welcoming Marty's parents and thanking them for making time in their busy schedules to attend this important meeting. She then asked, "What concerns do you have about Marty's academic progress so far this year?" Mrs. Jones is:

Inviting parent input

Nina is a middle school student with severe, chronic asthma. To attend school, she must receive breathing treatments up to four times a day. What court case paved the way for Nina to receive these services at school at no expense to her parents?

Irving Independent School District v. Tatro

Janice is a student with spina bifida who uses a wheelchair. She is being added to your classroom as a new student. What is one of the most important considerations before Janice comes to your classroom?

Is the classroom accessible to Janice and her wheelchair?

Each of the following helps illustrate how distinct RTI is from traditional assessment and identification procedures for LD EXCEPT:

It compares student's scores on an intelligence test with achievement measures.

Recent research concerning the cause of ADHD reveals:

It is the result of a disorder of the brain and contributing factors from environmental and physiological factors.

One of the most common concerns expressed by parents of students with learning disabilities about school communications is:

It is too frequent and too negative.

Ms. Markle shared assessment results with the team members by stating the following: "The TAT completed the PBS interventions prior to the delivery of RTI. DI was provided after CPTs as Jimmy became fatigued by the repeated trials." Ms. Markle's explanation was not helpful for all team members because Ms. Markle is using educational:

Jargon

Careful planning for the transition to adulthood for individuals with ASD typically includes each of the following EXCEPT:

Job placement

John is a student with a specific learning disability (SLD) who is in a 3rd grade general class. His decoding and reading comprehension skills are on a second-grade level and his math skills are on grade level. Which of the following is an appropriate objective for John?

John will be able to multiply a two digit by a one digit number with 85% accuracy

Students with this condition often can be successful without any specific school intervention; however, they may need a 504 plan to accommodate their needs (e.g., procedures to monitor their glucose and for insulin injection, etc.). This condition is known as

Juvenile diabetes

Students with autistic tendencies can be more successful academically when the teacher:

Keeps a calendar on the board of expected transitions

Stephen is a student in 5th grade diagnosed with ADD. He struggles to stay seated for the duration of an activity or lesson and seems unable to focus on one topic for longer than 5 minutes. He also struggles to follow directions when given orally or visually. Which learning style would most likely suit Stephen?

Kinesthetic

Which of the following is typical of attention problems that a youngster with a learning disability might display?

Lack of selective attention

Which of the following choices is the most critical issue related to parent participation?

Lack of time

Misha is a 3-year-old who has just begun talking. She has a vocabulary of approximately twenty words. She has language but has acquired it at a much slower rate than children her age. This is called:

Language delay

Brian asks for help from others on math word problems prior to even reading the problems. This is an example of:

Learned helplessness

This assessment examines a student's overall approach to using sensory information for learning (i.e., visual, tactile, and auditory) and identifies the kinds of materials (e.g., braille, large type, or regular type with low-vision devices) that a student needs in school:

Learning media assessment

Raymond diligently works on learning how to successfully complete an application in Mrs. Martin's fifth period class. This type of task is an example of:

Life skills curriculum

An empowering school culture focuses on eradicating systemic factors such as:

Negative effects of tracking practices

The requirement for English proficiency prior to graduation from high school came into effect with which of the following?

No Child Left Behind

Jeremiah is diagnosed with ADHD. Does he qualify for an IEP and special education services under IDEA?

No but he could qualify for a 504 plan

Children diagnosed with ASD may demonstrate which of the following characteristics as a baby/toddler?

No interest in play

The estimates of the prevalence of students who are gifted and talented vary dramatically because:

No single federal agency gathers the data.

Juanita, a second grader who recently arrived from Mexico with rudimentary English skills, was referred for a special education assessment after displaying sustained poor academic performance in the classroom. With permission from her parents, the team began the assessment process. Juanita's scores on the intelligence exam (WISC-III) demonstrated an IQ similar to students with moderate intellectual disabilities. She also performed poorly on the school's standard reading, spelling, and writing tests. However, her adaptive and social living skills were above average. Before the team recommends Juanita for special education, which principle of IDEA should they be concerned that they may have violated?

Nondiscriminatory assessment

Alternative assessment strategies include all of the following except:

Norm Referenced Assessment

Frank is a student in early high school diagnosed with ADHD. He leaves class without permission as well as speak out and distracting peers. Which of the following might be the function of his behavior?

Not enough information to determine

Individuals with intellectual disabilities can be characterized as:

Often indistinguishable from normal developing children at an early age

What percent of students with EBD are in general education for 80 percent or more of the school day?

Only about 44%

These specialists teach students with visual impairments to travel safely, confidently and independently in their environment. They work with infants, children and adults usually on a one-to-one basis in a home, school, hospital or in the community.

Orientation and mobility specialists

Braces and other devices which stabilize the legs so students can walk are

Orthoses

Asthma, epilepsy, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and HIV/AIDS may fall under the disability category of

Other health impairment

Disabilities which cannot be seen but relate to health conditions may be categorized as

Other health impairment

Important equity issues for urban education include qualifications of school personnel, the physical condition of the school, and:

Overcrowding

Which is considered the "basis for all subsequent special education practice?"

P.L. 94-142 Education of the Handicapped Act

Mrs. Jones and Mrs. Smith have been co-teaching for two years. For social studies, they divide their class in half and both teach the same material simultaneously. This is an example of which approach to co-teaching?

Parallel

An individual who is employed as a non-certified staff member to assist certified staff in carrying out education programs is a:

Paraprofessional

Who is usually the first to recognize that a child is responding differently to the world than typically developing children?

Parents

Which of the following is a procedural safeguard included in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) ?

Parents have the right to examine all educational records.

In collaboration, the contributions of all participants have equal value. This concept describes the term:

Parity

In collaboration, the contributions of all parties are equally valued. This is the concept of:

Parity

According to IDEA 2004, students with disabilities are to do what?

Participate in the general education program to the fullest extent that is beneficial to them

Some professionals believe that students who are gifted and talented often are misdiagnosed as having ADHD. Which behaviors are associated with both ADHD and giftedness?

Poor sustained attention, higher than normal activity, and difficulty adhering to rules

Marty's dysfunctional behavior is so severe he is no longer able to learn alongside his peers. Which would be the most appropriate intervention to decrease Marty's dysfunctional behavior?

Positive behavior supports

The special education referral process has been criticized for potential bias in which of the following areas?

Possible contributions from classroom environment

Mr. Izquierdo is a seventh-grade social studies teacher. He asked his neighbors, Mr. and Mrs. Matsuda, to visit his class to discuss Japanese culture. He was utilizing:

Prejudice reduction

A transition or vocational curriculum approach focuses on

Preparation for functioning in society as adults

During which stage of the assessment for special education services do general education teachers frequently implement behavior reward systems and other strategies, request input from a team of other professionals, and implement response to intervention procedures to address student behavior problems?

Prereferral

Students are typically NOT identified as having a learning disability at which level?

Preschool

Direct instruction is based on each of the following guiding principles EXCEPT:

Present new material in fairly large chunks to keep it interesting, without too much practice and demonstration after each step

The person most responsible for creating a school culture that incorporates collaboration is:

Principal

Stephen Hawking, an eminent British theoretical physicist, was diagnosed with a neuromuscular disorder that was degenerative in nature. His disorder falls into the category of

Progressive

The best way to ensure the success of educational interventions is to:

Promote cooperative teaching efforts between general and special educators

Individuals with autism may have problems with the use of a monotone or sing-song tone of voice, regardless of the intended message, called:

Prosody

Patricia is a student diagnosed with an Intellectual Disability. She has low linguistic communication skills. She is in an inclusion classroom and is expected to participate in a paired activity. An example of an intervention that would help her is to:

Provide a scaffolded guided approach using images

Sherry is functionally blind and seems uninterested during class demonstrations or teacher-directed activities. What can you do to help Sherry become an active member of the class?

Provide large print or braille materials for Sherry.

Martha is an eleventh-grade student with spina bifida. She uses a motorized wheelchair and has limited fine motor skills. Her testing indicates her cognitive and language skills are on grade level. Which of the following accommodations is most likely to benefit the student in her inclusive history class?

Providing Martha copies of notes to limit her need for writing

A term often used to refer to an individual's educational and income levels is:

Socioeconomic status

When students have language disorders that cannot be explained by physical disabilities, intellectual disabilities, hearing loss, or other disabilities, they are referred to as having:

Specific language impairments (SLIs)

Michael's teacher complains that he is constantly out of his seat. She also reports that he has trouble paying attention to what is going on in class for more than a couple of minutes at a time. He appears to be trying, but his writing is often illegible, containing many reversals. Although he seems to want to please, he is very impulsive and stays in trouble with his teacher. He is failing reading, and his math grades, though somewhat better, are still below average. Michael's psychometric evaluation should include assessment for:

Specific learning disabilities

Paula is a 6th grade student with Down Syndrome. She is an attentive student who enjoys learning new things in school. Although her expressive speech and language development are likely those of an 8year old, her receptive language skills are more like those of a 10 year old. Paula reads at the third-grade level. Which of the following support services likely to be most beneficial for Paula?

Speech therapy

Myelomeningocele is the technical name for a severe form of:

Spina bifida

With this type of injury, the brain cannot communicate with the body, and the result is paralysis. This type of injury is known as a/an

Spinal cord injury

Universal precautions for school personnel are practiced to protect the safety of

Staff and students

Mrs. Timma and Mrs. Tedeschi divided their instruction into three non-sequential components and addressed each in a separate area of their classroom. The co-teaching approach applied in this example is:

Station Teaching

Techniques, principles, and rules that guide students to complete tasks independently are:

Strategies

Stephanie is a 2nd grade student with Down Syndrome. She has low-average cognitive ability and poor social skills. Which of the following strategies will allow her to feel the most comfortable in class?

Structuring a daily 'buddy' interaction for here to partner with during play time

Most students who are deaf or hard of hearing:

Struggle to become fluent readers

Which of the following is an expectation that a student who has difficulty counting money can meet?

Student will learn to use adaptations in place of an academic skill.

Which of the following demonstrates the most appropriate student involvement in the assessment process?

Students create an assignment and the scoring criteria.

Code switching occurs when:

Students use Standard English when it's appropriate and dialect with family and community.

In inclusive schooling, collaboration defines the school culture, although its implementation is sometimes challenging. Although the physical location of students in schools and classrooms is one dimension of inclusiveness, the general education setting is strongly preferred. Inclusion is not about where students sit as much as it is about how adults and classmates welcome all students to access learning and recognize that the diversity of learners in today's schools dictates that no single approach is appropriate for all. Inclusive practices encompass:

Students who are gifted and talented, students at risk for failure because of their life circumstances, those with disabilities, those who are average learners, all teachers and other staff

What groups of students are NOT specifically included in IDEA?

Students who are gifted, students with ADHD, and students who are at risk for school failure.

Which of the following statement is TRUE?

Students with emotional and behavior disorders can be taught appropriate social skills using problem solving steps.

Preferential seating, computer access, and a one-on-one teaching assistant are examples of:

Supplemental Aids and Services

Assisting adults with disabilities to obtain jobs in the competitive market and providing them with the necessary physical, instructional, and social support to ensure success is called:

Supported employment

The definition of assistive technology devices was amended in the IDEA re authorization of 2004 to exclude what?

Surgically implanted devices

The definition of assistive technology devices was amended in the IDEA re-authorization of 2004 to exclude what?

Surgically implanted devices

Favoritism toward a particular group that occurs at multiple levels within a society or institution , making such favoritism an implicit part of it is:

Systemic bias

Showing favoritism toward a group that occurs at multiple levels within a society or institution is called:

Systemic bias

This school year you have very culturally diverse students. To enhance your self-awareness of culture, you should specifically do all the following EXCEPT:

Talk to each student's parents

When Joanne gets anxious about changing classes, she refers to the business-sized card she keeps in her pocket that gives her step-by-step directions. This is called a:

Task card

You notice in your culturally diverse classroom that there are some underlying prejudices among certain students. How can you reduce these prejudices to create a culturally accepting environment?

Teach about the concept of race as a social construct

Roles and responsibilities of paraeducators (paraprofessionals) may include all of the following except:

Teaching a small group of students a new skill that has not been previously taught by the supervising teacher

When two teachers share the instructional responsibility for an entire group, they are demonstrating the concept of:

Team Teaching

Kayla is a third-grade students who has been struggling academically and has started acting defiantly and refusing to complete assignments. Her parents suspect that she has a learning disability. Which of the following professionals is most likely to administer the assessment to evaluate Kayla

The School Psychologist

One key to the successful implementation of universal screening and early intervention is:

The broad conceptualization of high-quality interventions

Most students with speech and language disorders, often identified early in their school careers, receive their education in:

Typical schools and participate in general education for nearly all the time

An inclusive high English class in writing short stories Eli, who has dysgraphia, is working with the special education teacher on his second draft. Which of the following accommodations will be most beneficial to Eli?

Typing the story on a computer so that it is easier to proofread

Ms. Eddy has been teaching eighth grade for five years. She has learned that planning lessons from the beginning to meet a wide range of diverse learners is the most effective and time efficient way to plan. Ms. Eddy is demonstrating which concept?

UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR LEARNING

Students who are gifted often display which of the following cognitive characteristics?

Unusually well-developed memory

Which of the following assignments would be most accessible to a 3rd grade student diagnosed with an Intellectual Disability?

Use color-coded blocks to place number values on whole numbers from 1-10

Each of the following is a suggested communication strategy EXCEPT:

Use of evaluative language

Due Process

a clear set of procedures for making all the critical decisions that are part of special education

culture

a complex systemof underlying beliefs, attitudes, and actions that shapes the thoughts and behaviors of a group of people, distinguishing them from other groups

Transition Plan

a component of the IEP for students with disabilities that focuses directly on the skills necessary to be successful in adulthood, such as those needed to attend college, live independently, and become involved in the community-must be addressed by the time the student with a disability is 16 years old

juevinile idiopathic Arthritis

a condition characterized by inflammation of the joints, exists in more than 100 forms, and is the most common form of chronic health condition in all people over the age of 15-an umbrella term for chronic forms of this disease diagnosed when symptoms last for more than six weeks in children who are 16 years of age or less-an autoimmune disorder

spina bifida

a condition in which the bones of the spinal column are not closed properly at birth-a physical disability with a neurological basis

cultural competence

a contemporary term for understanding and acting in a way that is respectful of diversity

Response to Intervention (RTI)

a data-based system of increasingly intensive interventions is put in place and carefully tracked to see if it might be possible to accelerate the student's learning in order to avoid the need for special education

learning disabilities

a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculation

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

a disruptive behavior disorder that is identified when students are defiant with adults and vindictive or blaming with peers to an excessive degree over a long period of time

Positive Behavior Support

a functional and data-based approach to responding to student behaviors with an emphasis on skill development

Down Syndrome

a genetic disorder in which faulty cell divisions results in an extra chromosome being present in the 21st chromosome pair-sometimes called trisomy 21

discrete trail interventions

a group of approaches that require a significant time commitment and specialized training-often implemented for preschool children-follows a basic pattern in which the teacher gives a prompt, to which the student attends, a command for the student to perform, and finally a reward to the student for the desired behavior

Neurological Disorders

a group of conditions involving muscle control, posture, and movement that is not progressive and not in the muscles themselves but in the brain's ability to consistently tell the muscles what to do

Epilepsy

a health impairment that is the result of a central nervous system problem-sometimes called a seizure disorder

deafness

a hearing impairment that is so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification and that adversely affects a child's educational performance

Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)

a multidimensional and research-based problem-solving strategy for analyzing the student's behavior within the context of the setting in which

Mediation

a process which must be offered by all states at no cost to parents as an early formal step in resolving differences wherein an impartial professional meets with each party to try to find a way for the dispute to be resolved

dispute resolution

a resolution session which must occur within 15 days of the notice of complaint having been received by the school district and must be attended by individuals who understand the situation, including a school district representative with decision-making authority (considered an informal meeting)

co-teaching

a service delivery model in which two educators-one typically a general teacher and one a special education teacher or other specialist-combine their expertise to jointly teach a heterogeneous group of students, some of whom have disabilities or other special needs, in a single classroom for part or all of their school day

Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP)

a set of strategies to address the function of the behavior in order to change it

CULTURAL DISSONANCE

a significant discrepancy between two or more cultural frames of reference

IQ

a statistic or score on a standardized test that attempts to quantify an individual's problem solving abilities and potential for learning

collaboration

a style for direct interaction between at least two co-equal parties voluntarily engaged in shared decision making as they work toward a common goal

Prader-Willi Syndrome

a syndrome whose primary characteristic is an insatiable appetite and compulsive eating generally beginning when the individual is between the ages of 2 and 4

socioeconomic status

a term often used to refer to an individual's educational and income levels

consultation

a voluntary process in which one professional assists another to address a problem concerning a third part, often a student

A number of instructional strategies have been found helpful in the education of culturally and linguistically diverse learners with disabilities. These approaches include:

a. Differentiated instruction b. Universal design for learning c. Multicultural education d. All of the above

Curriculum overlapping is an example of:

an aid for learning

multitiered system of support (MTSS)

an alternative framework that utilizes RTI principles and practices for academics but also extends them beyond the academic domain (social/emotional, behavioral)

bilingual education

an approach that uses the student's dominant language along with English for instructional purposes

Multicultural education

an approach to education that includes perspectives from and content about diverse groups, embraces diverse cognitive styles, and promotes equity in a diverse society

System of Care

an approach to interagency collaboration based on a coordinated network of service providers that is child and family centered, community based, and sensitive to cultural diversity

Conductive hearing loss

caused by a problem in the inner ear or along the nerve pathway to the brain stem

Rosa's Law:

changed the term mental retardation in all federal applications to intellectual disability

orientation and mobility

competencies for traveling safely and efficiently through one's environment

Sample activities to promote the process of transition for students who are deaf or hard of hearing may include all of the following EXCEPT:

complete and submit a job application for the student

When a problem of the outer ear prevents sound from being conducted to the inner ear, this is known as:

conductive hearing loss

According to the IDEA, a student must be included as a member of the IEP team to

consider postsecondary goals and transition services

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

considered a distinct psychiatric disorder not explained as another mental disorder (e.g., schizophrenia), although it may exist concurrently with other disorders, such as autism

Cultural dissonance may occur in the classroom when there is a significant discrepancy between two or more cultural frames of reference. This dissonance may affect a student's performance in school due to:

creating academic and behavior challenges

A social story is:

d. Both choices above (A and B) are correct a. An individualized text or story that describes a specific social situation from the student's perspective b. May include a description of where and why a situation occurs

Other Health Impairment

defined by IDEA as having limited strength, vitality or alertness, including a heightened alertness to environmental stimuli, that results in limited alertness with respect to the educational environment (asthma, epilepsy, etc.)

bell shaped curve

demonstrates how IQ scores are distributed-the average IQ score is considered 100-most people have an IQ score that falls between 1 standard deviation (i.e., 15 points) below the mean and 1 standard deviation above the mean (or between 85-115)-IQ scores for students with intellectual disabilities fall significantly below this range

For the past month, Shanice has experienced frequent sadness, tearfulness, crying, hopelessness, and a decreased interest in activities she previously enjoyed. Mrs. Martin is concerned that Shanice may be identified as having:

depression

fetal alcohol syndrome

describes the most severe form of this disorder (FASD) which is considered the leading cause of intellectual disabilities and is the only one that clearly is preventable

Short-term objectives

description of a step followed in order to achieve an annual goal on an IEP-sometimes called a benchmark

This educational approach is integral to teaching diverse students and includes strategies such as learning contracts and tiered lessons. The focus is on designing and delivering effective learning experiences for students, regardless of their unique characteristics.

differentiated instruction

Dyscalculia

difficulty with mathematics

Musculoskeletal disorders

disabilities related to the skeleton or muscles-some are chronic and likely to require special education

Indivualized Education Program

document prepared by the multidisciplinary team or annual review team that specifies a student's level of functioning and needs; the instructional goals and objectives for the students and how they will be evaluated; the nature and extent of special education, related services, and supplementary aids and services the student will receive; and the initiation date and duration of the services-updated annually

Individual Education Plan (IEP)

document which summarizes all the information gathered concerning the student, sets the expectations of what the student will learn over the next year, and prescribes the types and amounts of special services the student will receive

conduct disorder

emotional and behavior problems involving aggression, destruction of property, lying or stealing, or serious rule violation (e.g., running away)-the most common type of social maladjustment

Chung, a 7-year-old student with a learning disability, is learning to spell words with consonant blends. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step for the teacher to use to help Chung develop his reading skills?

encouraging Chung to read a decodable text

Zero Reject

entitles all students with disabilities to a public education regardless of the nature and severity of their disabilities

Jerry is a third-grade student diagnosed with a moderate intellectual disability. His teacher has noticed significant problems with impulse control, attention, transitioning, planning, organizing, and initiating tasks. Difficulties in these areas are most likely indicative of a deficit in

executive functioning

systemic bias

favoritism toward a particular group that occurs at multiple levels within a society or institution, making such favoritism an implicit part of it

Teaming

fluidly sharing the instructional responsibilities of the entire student group

differntiated instruction

focuses on designing and delivering effective learning experiences for students, regardless of their unique characteristics-intended to allow teachers to more effectively address the learning needs and preferences of individual students

Assessment that is ongoing, provides the teacher with information regarding a student's or class's progress, and it allows the teacher to modify instruction and learning is known as

formative assessment​

The number of times a student engages in a particular behavior is referred to as

frequently

psychological process

function of the brain, measured indirectly, through which it takes information in, interprets it, and acts on it (examples-attention, auditory processing, visual processing, executive functioning, etc.)

learned helplessness

giving up on a task before they even try-sometimes because a student has failed repeatedly-sometimes because a student knows if they cannot do a task, a teacher or peer will help them with it

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are most likely to

have an obsessive interest in a single object or topic​

All of the following are included in the IDEA definition of autism EXCEPT:

identified primarily because the child has an emotional disability

content integration

implies that the curriculum that students learn should include content about diverse populations and present information from diverse points of view

encephalitis

inflammation of the brain which may be caused by a virus or can be carried by certain types of mosquitoes and animals that have rabies

Even in the 19th century, the most common recommendation to parents of children with physical and health disabilities was

institutionalization

The vineland adaptive behavior scales is most likely to be used in the identification of

intellectual disabilities

Proxemics

knowing the socially acceptable distance to maintain between people during conversation

The most likely reason for administering the entire Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery, Third Edition, to a student is to evaluate for

learning disabilities

Contemporary thinking about individuals with intellectual disabilities now is based on:

much higher expectations and a world of possibilities

An approach to education that includes perspectives from and content about diverse groups, embraces diverse cognitive styles, and promotes equity in a diverse society is:

multicultural education

A curriculum that focus on teaching functional and independent living skill, utilizes augmentative communication and assistive technology, and provides extensive support in the classroom is most likely used with students with

multiple and severe disabilities

Athetiod Cerebral Palsy

neurological condition in which students cannot control their muscles and so they may have sudden and unexpected twisting motions or other movements

Spastic Cerebral Palsy

neurological condition in which students' muscles are stiff (hypertonia) and their movements are awkward

In most cases, the cause of LD is:

not known

sensorineural hearing loss

occurs when a problem of the outer or middle ear prevents sound from being conducted to the inner ear

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

occurs when a protein used by the body to keep muscles working properly is missing or significantly deficient-muscles usually begin to deteriorate by age 11 or 12 and continues through adolescence eventually affecting the lungs and heart-individuals with a severe form of this disability typically die in their late teens or early twenties

One teach, One observe

one educator manages the instruction of the entire group of students while the other gathers data on one student, a small group of students, or even the entire class

Problem-Based Learning (PBL)

one example of differentiation whereby students encounter a real-world problem designed by the teacher to address key concepts

Drew is a 10-year-old student with cognitive disabilities. He is studying vocabulary and spelling in a resource classroom. Which of the following grouping formats is most likely to help Drew learn to correct specific spelling errors?

one on one

One Teach, One Assist

one teacher manages the instruction of the entire student group while the other circulates through the classroom, providing assistance

Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)

parents and family members cannot be asked to pay for special education services

Which of the following conditions most often co-occurs with a traumatic brain injury?

personality change

Specific Language Impairment

reference to language disorders that cannot be explained by physical disabilities, intellectual disabilities, hearing loss, or other disabilities

prejudice reduction

refers to activities that are designed to examine and reduce bias in attitudes by using methods and materials that build positive perspectives

Positioning

refers to keeping a student's body supported so that posture is maintained in a healthy way

Self-determination

refers to students' knowledge and skills to understand their strengths and weaknesses and to use that knowledge to set and pursue goals

self-advocacy

refers to students' skills for speaking on their own behalf and constructively communicating to others their needs

receptive language

refers to the ability to comprehend language

expressive language

refers to the ability to produce language

Parity

refers to the concept that, in collaboration, the contributions of all participants are equally valued

To be identified as having an intellectual disability, a child must demonstrate significantly below average intellectual functioning and

related limitations in two or more areas of adaptive skills

Present Level of Academic Functional Performance (PLAFP)

required IEP component comprising information about a student's current level of academic achievement, social skills, behavior, communication skills, and other functioning areas

Universal Design for Learning

says that teachers should design instruction from the beginning to meet a wide range of learner diversity rather than try to retrofit, or make adjustments, after they already have created their lessons

The idea that students will do or become what is expected of them is called a/an:

self-fulfilling prophecy

Executive function and strategies for learning for students with ADHD may include all of the following EXCEPT:

setting an alarm as a reminder to take medication

dyslexia

significant reading problems

intellectual disability

significantly subaverage intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the development period, that adversely impacts a child's educational performance

Fragile X Syndrome

sometimes called Martin Bell Syndrome-a mutation that occurs in one of the genes in the X chromosome causing individuals to have long faces, large ears, and poor muscle tone; however, they are generally healthy

Day treatment programs

special schools that include special education in small classes and place a strong emphasis on individualized instruction-usually include group and individual therapy, family counseling, vocational training, crisis intervention, positive skill building and other services such as recreational, art, and music therapy

Special Education

specially designed instruction, at no cost to parents, to meet the unique needs of a child with a disability

articulation disorder

speech disorder involving the abnormal production of sounds, including additions, omissions, substitutions, and distortions-errors only considered disorders when they persist beyond the typical developmental period

Misty's condition required that she be confined to a wheelchair due to the bones of her spinal column not being closed properly. Misty's condition is called

spina bifida

Techniques, principles, and rules that guide students to complete tasks independently are:

strategies

augmentitive and alternative communication (AAC)

strategies that compensate for an individual's communication limitations or disabilities-usually divided into two categories: aided or unaided

The term developmentally delayed pertains to:

students ages 3-9 that includes some students with intellectual disabilities

Least Restrictive Environment

students must be educated in the setting most like that of typical peers in which they can succeed when provided with the needed supports and services

ELL

students whose primary language is not English

twice exceptional

students with disabilities who are also gifted and talented

The most common fluency disorder is:

stuttering

The major purpose of functional curricular approaches for students with more severe intellectual disabilities is to

teach the students the most critical skills in society

Station Teaching

teachers divide instruction into two, three, or even more nonsequential components, and each is addressed in a separate area of the room

Speech or Language Impairment

term used in IDEA defined as a communication disorder such as stuttering, impaired articulation, language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely impacts a child's educational performance

emotional disorders

term used in the federal definition to describe a condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child's education performance (a. An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors; b. an inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers; c. inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances; d. a general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression; e. a tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems)

mental disorder

terminology to describe emotional and behavior disorders as presented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- these disorders may or may not be included in the EDEA definition of emotional disturbance

working memory

terminology to describe emotional and behavior disorders as presented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- these disorders may or may not be included in the EDEA definition of emotional disturbance

executive function

the ability to comprehend, monitor, and direct one's cognition in order to achieve goals (self-regulation)

behavior inhibition

the ability to regulate one's attention and how often it switches, and the behavior that accompanies this ability

mean

the average-the sum of individual scores divided by the total number of scores

Realiability

the consistency with which a test measures the areas being tested (three types: test-retest, internal consistency, and alternate form)

Validity

the degree to which a test measures what it purports to measure

eligibility

the determination of whether a child has a disability and needs special education services and related services

enrichment

the extension of regular curriculum with different examples and associations that build complex ideas

Curriculum Compacting

the goals of an instructional unit are identified, student mastery of all or part of the goals is documented, and alternative instruction is provided as appropriate

Fluency Disorders

the inability to speak without hesitation

Median

the middle score in a distribution of ranked scores

myelomeningocele

the most severe form of spina bifida which occurs when the spinal cord and its covering protrude from the opening in the spine

disproportionate representation

the percentage of students of color placed in special and gifted education varies significantly from the percentage of those students in the general population

Evaluation

the process whereby students are assessed to determine their strengths and also to explore any areas of functioning in which a disability is suspected

Continuum of Alternative Placements

the range of options for educating students with disabilities ranging from least to most restrictive (general education, resource class, separate class, separate school, residential facility, home or hospital)

Mode

the score that occurs most often in a distribution

Comorbidity

the simultaneous occurrence of two or more disabilities or disorders

referral

the starting point of the special education process-a request for an evaluation

Universal Screening

the systematic assessment of all students on academic and/or social-emotional indicators for the purpose of identifying students who are at-risk, and may require support that varies in terms of level, intensity, and duration

Alternative placements for students needing more restrictive environments may include day treatment programs and residential programs. These alternative placements may be chosen due to which of the following:

the team decides that the student has more serious or dangerous emotional problems that need to be addressed in a more restrictive environment

Values

those cultural elements held in great esteem or considered to be important by a society

Social Maladjustment

those who intentionally act out or break rules-explicitly prohibited from being identified as having EBD unless they also meet one of the other criteris

More males than females are diagnosed at school as having emotional and behavior disorders. Researchers estimate that these disorders are found in boys:

three or more times often than in girls

Related Services

transportation, and such developmental, corrective, and other supportive services (including speech/language pathology and audiology services, interpreting services, psychological services, physical and occupational therapy, recreation, including therapeutic recreation, social work services, etc.)

Students with disabilities who also are gifted and talented sometimes are referred to as

twice exceptional

parrallel teaching

two professionals split a group of students in half and simultaneously provide the same instruction

Mrs. Massey develops learning activities which provide multiple means of representation or modes of presentation. Mrs. Massey employs the instructional practice of:

universal design for learning

During an IEP meeting with the parents of a child recently identified as needing special education services, Mrs. Smith provided the parents of the student with the following explanation: "Based on the test scores of the WISC III and the Woodcock-Johnson, Jeff had a discrepancy of 23 points in written language, 20 points in reading, and 12 points in math. This indicates that he fits in the category of LD and is eligible to receive services in a resource setting. We will need you to read and sign his IEP for Jeff to receive services. Jeff also demonstrates behaviors characteristic of ADHD, which will need to be evaluated further." Mrs. Smith demonstrated which of the following communication weaknesses?

using jargon

language difference

variations from standard speech that are considered normal

The greatest barrier to effective collaboration in schools is:

Lack of time for shared planning

The system of symbols, governed by complex rules, that individuals use for communication is:

Language

Which of the following are likely to encourage appropriate behaviors for students with emotional and behavioral disturbances?

- Reinforcing the appropriate behaviors -modeling the appropriate behaviors -Talking to the students about the reasons for the inapprooraite behaviors

Special education teams include all of the following except:

Due Process Teams

Diversity has many dimensions. All of these are elements of diversity EXCEPT:

Multicultural education

Which of the following behaviors are most likely to be associated with a student who exhibits passive aggressive behaviors?

•A. pretending to be in agreement with others •B. performing poorly on written tasks •C. Damaging intimate relationship

What fraction of individuals identified as having ADHD continue to have symptoms in adulthood?

2/3

How much more likely are African American students to receive special education services for this disability than are students overall?

3 times

What percentage of students with emotional and behavior disorders graduate from high school with a standard diploma?

51%

Traditional classification systems group individuals with mild intellectual disabilities based on IQ scores of:

55-69

Medication is helpful in ameliorating the symptoms of ADHD in what percent of the students for whom it is prescribed?

70-80

Disproportionate representation in the category of intellectual disabilities has received the most attention relative to:

African American Males

Which of the following is an example of a behavior that can best be addressed by a functional behavior assessment?

A Student that uses profanity and teases the other classmate.

When students are English learners, professionals must take care that assessments reflect the student's:

A and B A. Abilities B. Skills

Issues facing the field of speech and language disorders include:

A and B A. Differentiating between language differences and language disabilities in an increasingly diverse student population B. The importance of implementing evidence-based practices

Students with ADHD have which level of cognitive ability?

A full range

A form of authentic assessment is:

A functional-ecological assessment

Which of the following must be provided in a written notice to parents when proposing a child's educational placement?

A list of parental due process safeguards

According to the text, collaboration never exists as a goal in and of itself; instead, it is:

A means for achieving other goals

Ms. Hart is a special education teacher in a resource room. After giving the students with learning disabilities a vocabulary list, she changed an end of unit test to have fewer options and to include a word bank. This in an example of____________?

A modification

The key characteristic of authentic assessment is:

A person-centered approach

Timothy is an 11th grade student on the autism spectrum. He is in a self-contained classroom for students with severe and profound disabilities. At his IEP meeting they are discussing possible transitions for him after high school. Which one is the most appropriate?

A program that will help him develop independent living skills

School reentry for students with physical and health disabilities usually involves

A representative from the medical community School personnel who specialize in some of the services that the student may need Members of the IEP team

Miles is an 8th grade student recently diagnosed with a specific learning disability in math. He has performed at grade level in other subject areas and has little to no behavior issues, but he is below grade level in math. Which of the following would be the most appropriate classroom setting for him?

A resource program that provides push in/pull out services for math and allows him to remain in the gen-ed setting

Communication requires each of the following EXCEPT:

A sound

Of the following, which student would receive services under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act?

A student who requires related services

Stephen is a 14-year-old student diagnosed with an intellectual disability. All of the following must be included in the IEP except:

A transition plan

Which of the following learning tools will be most beneficial to help Angie, a second-grade student with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), learn how to use a schedule?

A visual schedule including picture symbols

Factors which may lead to speech and language disorders include:

A. Poverty B. Congenital conditions C. Emotional disabilities All of the above

Which of the following psychosocial factors are associated with emotional and behavior disorders in children:

A. chronic stress B. stressful life events C. childhood maltreatment D. all of the above

An Individualized Education Program (IEP) includes information on which THREE of the following?

A.Placement B.Long-term goals C.Present levels of functioning

Shane has difficulty finishing assignments, often loses things, is easily distracted, and has poor attention to detail. Which of the following best identifies Shane?

ADHD predominantly inattentive type

Approximately what percent of students with physical disabilities, health impairments, or traumatic brain injury are placed in the general education classroom?

About 50%

All the following are academic difficulties that students with emotional and behavior disorders typically experience EXCEPT:

Academic problems in primarily one area

Desmond is a middle school student who has a visual impairment. He is learning keyboarding skills to email his peers. This is an example of:

Access technologies

While you are implementing instructional approaches for students with physical and health challenges, you also have to take into account two issues for these students

Accessibility and factors that are directly related to students' physical and health needs

Students classified as having an intellectual disability must exhibit significant deficits in both intellectual abilities and in

Adaptive behavior​

The issue of disproportionate representation is particularly significant in respect to which population?

African American

Paul is a student in the 3rd grade diagnosed with autism. He has lower than average cognitive abilities and learns through a system of consequences and rewards for specific behaviors. Which theoretical approach to learning is most likely being used?

Behaviorism

Which of the following theoretical approaches includes stimulus-response associations made by the learner?

Behaviorism

Luna is a student in 3rd grade with ADHD. The following will positively impact her learning except

Being in a self-contained classroom

Students who have disabilities and whose first language is NOT English sometimes receive their special education services from a:

Bilingual special education teacher

Genetics, environmental toxins, accidents, and illness are examples of:

Biological factors

The legal decision which clarified that "separate cannot be equal," was:

Brown v. Board of Education

A kindergarten teacher planning phonological awareness activities for the year must ensure that the activities match the phonological awareness continuum. Place the following levels of phonological awareness in the correct order of development.

C. Listening and rhyming A. Syllable awareness B. Onset and rime D. Phoneme blending

What is the most important information gained from conducting a functional behavioral assessment?

Causes of the behavior

Students who do NOT have hearing loss, but for some reason their brains do not effectively interpret the auditory information that comes from their ears have:

Central Auditory Processing Disorder.

Each of the following is due to prenatal causes EXCEPT:

Cerebral Palsy

Which of the following physical disabilities is considered neurological?

Cerebral Palsy

What is the primary purpose of a formative assessment?

Checking student progress so that instruction can be adjusted

What is the primary purpose of a formative assessment?

Checking students progress so that instruction can be adjusted

According to IDEA 2004, which of the following is not considered an Assistive technology?

Cochlear Implant

Eric was born deaf. His parents adamantly opposed the use of American Sign Language. They chose an option that used an electronic device that directly stimulates the hearing nerve. This device is called a/an:

Cochlear implant

Sara has recently been diagnosed with a conductive hearing loss. Each of the following are options for improving her hearing EXCEPT:

Cochlear implant

The exchange on information and knowledge among participants is:

Communication

Which device uses pictures, symbols, or printed words to facilitate student communication, and which can be low tech or high tech?

Communication board

A common approach for determining a student's eligibility for learning disabilities is which of the following?

Compare student's scores on an intelligence test with achievement measures.

Thomas is a high school student who has a long history of negative experiences in school and with authorities. He is aggressive and frequently lies to adults in his life. He has been arrested for destroying school property and stealing from a local grocery store. Thomas's behaviors are characteristic of which disorder?

Conduct disorder

An audiologist looks at qualitative attributes such as bilateral versus unilateral hearing loss, high-frequency versus low-frequency hearing loss, and flat versus sloping and stable versus fluctuating hearing loss to determine the:

Configuration of hearing loss

A hearing loss present at birth is:

Congenital

Which of the following indirect services would be used as a transition strategy for a student who no longer needs special education services?

Consultation

Mr. Samuels provides examples of key concepts and principles from a variety of cultures. This is an example of:

Content integration

Having students keep track of their own behavior and then giving them rewards for appropriate behavior is known as_________?

Contingency-based self-management

General education, resource, separate class, separate school, residential facilities, home, and hospital are the options for providing educational services to students with disabilities. These options are called:

Continuum of placements

Rachel is diagnosed with Down Syndrome and is bullied by her peers. Though the teachers and administration have had many conversations with the students involved in the bullying, there is little change in the bullying. What should be the next step?

Create a plan of response for the consequences that will result if the students continue to bully her and discuss that plan with the students' parents.

Communicating optimism about success is important in which step of a problem-solving model?

Creating a climate for problem solving

Which of the following shows thee least biased intervention for behavioral issues in the classroom?

Creating a system of rewards and consequences that address standard behaviors

When students' test results must meet an absolute standard, they are taking which type of test?

Criterion-referenced

A contemporary term for understanding and acting in a way that is respectful of diversity is:

Cultural competence

Academic and behavioral challenges at times are the result of a significant discrepancy between two or more cultural frames of reference. This discrepancy is known as:

Cultural dissonance

A complex system of underlying beliefs, attitudes, and actions that shapes the thoughts and behaviors of a group of people, distinguishing them from other groups is:

Culture

Which of the following types of information is generally the most useful in making decisions about instruction for a student with a disability?

Curriculum-based assessment

Which of the following types of information is generally the most useful in making decisions about instruction for a student with disability?​

Curriculum-based assessment​

Danny is a 12th grade student who has been diagnosed with Tourette syndrome and epilepsy. Both conditions are controlled with medication. Danny is functioning at grade level with his peers. Which of the following statements best describes the most appropriate services for Danny?

Danny is covered under Section 504 because he does not require special education services

A severe visual impairment is most likely to affect a child's development in which of the following ways?

Delayed gross phonetic pronunciation​

All of the following are communication habits to avoid EXCEPT:

Demonstrating listening behaviors

Which of the following is a responsibility that can NOT be delegated to a classroom aide?

Designing a lesson plan

In exceptional student education, assessment is used to make decisions about all of the following EXCEPT:

Determining the desired attendance rate of a student

Assistive technology decisions are made by completing all of the following steps EXCEPT

Determining what the parents can afford

Mark is a student with spastic cerebral palsy. He is above grade level academically, but due to his physical problems he becomes very anxious when he is not able to complete assignments at the same speed as his classmates. How can you help Mark decrease his anxiety and complete assignments in a timelier manner?

Develop a plan that incorporates the use of technology.

All of the following are defining characteristics of collaboration EXCEPT:

Developing close friendships

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder have difficulty with problem solving due to:

Difficulty in retrieving information or strategies.

Luna is a 10-year-old student diagnosed with an intellectual disability. Based on interviews, the family places few restrictions on her with very loose boundaries. At school, you notice she struggles to follow rules. What is the best next step at school:

Discuss with Luna's parents a strategy to better align expectations between school and home

Jeremy is a Latino student whose family has extremely limited resources. He has been referred for a full evaluation to determine his eligibility for special education services. Although English is not Jeremy's primary language, his assessments were all administered in English. This practice has a significant impact on:

Disproportionality

Systemic bias within an educational system can occur through each of the following EXCEPT:

Disproportionate representation

John is a new 2nd grade students in a special education class. He has a health plan because he frequently has seizures. John had a seizure in the classroom. Which of the following steps should the special education take first?

Document the seizure and inform the necessary school personnel and the student's family

The term "inclusion":

Does not appear in federal legislation governing the education of students with disabilities.

Jazmine is a 3rd grade student in self-contained classroom. She has a specific learning disability (SLD) and is a visual learner. Which of the following strategies is aligned with Jasmine's primary learning style?

Having her use graphic organizers for writing

Which of the following is the best examples of a summative assessment?

Having students independently complete a set of ten word problems

Joshua is diagnosed with a Specific Learning Disability. He is beginning to exhibit signs of more aggressive behavior such as fighting in the hallways and inappropriate responses in class. As his case manager, what do you attribute this to?

He may be showing signs of an emotional/behavioral disorder but could just be an adolescent

Dante is a high school student on an IEP with the diagnosis of Emotionally Disturbed. Though he is not aggressive, he frequently distracts classmates and speak out of turn. Which of the following may be a natural consequence of his behaviors?

He misses instruction and therefore is unable to complete the assignments

A student with cochlear implant most likely has a primary classification of

Hearing Impairment​

According to the individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which of the following is one of the major disability categories?

Hearing Impairment​

After John's stroke, he could only move the limbs on the right side of his body. This could be referred to as:

Hemiplegia

Gifted learners can be misidentified as hyperactive for what reason?

High energy levels

Mr. Patrick is a new special education teacher for 6th grade students. One of the students in his class continues to disrupt peers by acting out and calling the teacher names. Patrick has tried both consequences and rewards systems suggested by colleagues but has not seen a change in the behavior. What should be Patrick's next step?

Hold an IEP meeting with the parent(s) and administration to discuss the behavior and create a new Behavior Support Plan to address the behavior

A student in Mr. Patrick's class has exceeded expectations and is improving in his academics drastically. This student has improved their reading level by 1.5. years and is getting a B or higher in all other classes. What. Would be the most appropriate step for Mr. Patrick to take with this student?

Hold an IEP to discuss options for a less restrictive environment

About 0.4% of students with disabilities receive services in which setting?

Home or hospital

Annual Goals

IEP component that consists of statements of the major accomplishments expected for the student during the upcoming twelve months-must be able to be objectively measured

One of the most controversial causal issues related to autism spectrum disorder is:

Immunizations

Social interaction and skills that are best learned with typical peers are part of the:

Implicit curriculum

IDEA 2004 states that there are a disproportionate number of minority students classified as needing special education services. IDEA 2004 suggests that this is due to:

Improper evaluations-not making allowances for students who have English as a second language

The requirement of all schools to include students with disabilities in the statewide testing process became effective:

In 1997 as mandated by IDEA

JJ is in an inclusive gen-ed setting for most of the day and receives small group reading instruction once a day. Which type of setting does this reflect?

Inclusion

Teams play an important role in special education and design interventions to help students succeed even before considering whether special education services are needed. Examples of pre-referral activities may include all except:

Individual Evaluations

P.L. 94-142 (EHA) was amended in 1986 (IDEA) to expand services to:

Infants and young children

As Mrs. Vanstory read over the transcript of one of her new students, Audrey, she was amazed. Audrey had a long and colorful history of medication difficulties and multiple behavioral challenges. Mrs. Vanstory later called her close friend who was also a teacher (at another school) and proceeded to tell her Audrey's history. How did she violate the rights of both Audrey and her family?

Information regarding a student with a disability may not be shared with anyone who is not directly working with the student.

Which definition clarified that giftedness includes the areas of general intellectual ability, specific academic aptitude creative or productive thinking, leadership ability, and visual performing arts?

Marland Report

Curriculum built around each student according to interests, personal goals, and limitations in reaching these goals is called:

Meaningful curriculum

Dominique is a second grader who has Down syndrome. His parents insist that the least restrictive environment for him is the general education classroom. However, because he has frequent violent outbursts due to frustration, the professionals involved feel that a resource setting would be more appropriate until his outbursts are under control. Since an agreement cannot be reached, all parties involved have agreed that an impartial professional must be brought in to help resolve this dispute. This is referred to as:

Mediation process

School professionals can positively influence interactions with family members who may find schools intimidating places by:

Meeting families in non-school settings

A consultant teacher should be meeting the needs of his/her students by:

Meeting with the teacher before class to discuss adaptations and modifications

Steven is a gifted student who is very bored in class and does not complete his homework. What would be the best way to help Steven become excited about learning again?

Modify the scope and sequence of Steven's curriculum through acceleration.

A persistent depressive disorder is an example of which of the following?

Mood disorder

Within the context of IDEA, collaboration is:

More than ever before, an expectation in services for students

Which statement is TRUE regarding the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)?

Most students with disabilities are expected to achieve the same academic goals as those without disabilities.

Ms. Johnson teaches a 7th grade inclusion class with the support of Ms. Wood, the special education teacher. Which of the following actions best demonstrates an effective co-teaching model for a middle school classroom?

Ms. Woods provide whole class instructions, while Ms. Johnson writes notes on the board

The prevalence of emotional and behavior disorders among all students in schools is:

Nearly 1%

Autism used to be one of the subcategories of:

Pervasive developmental disorder

Caleb is a 12-year-old student with mild autism. He sometimes acts in an atypical way in class and recently his teacher has noticed him making inappropriate comments to a girl sitting next to him. What is the best way for the teacher to address the situation?

Pull Caleb in the hall and ask him what he is saying and why he is saying it

Which of the following consequences would most likely decrease the rate of the occurrences for a target behavior?

Punishment

Clarissa is a student in the 4th grade with mild ADD. Which of the following strategies or techniques will NOT positively impact her learning?

Putting Clarissa in a self-contained, special education classroom

Educators must understand research-based interventions and strategies for data collection related to screening, diagnostics, and progress monitoring to effectively implement:

RTI

Alan is an African-American student recently identified as intellectually disabled. He has no deficits in adaptive behavior and was extremely agitated due to becoming homeless on the day his IQ test was administered. Which of the following concepts may have had a negative impact on his eligibility determination?

Racial bias

Children who have significant speech or language delays are at higher risk for experiencing

Reading difficulties

Children who have significant speech or language delays are at higher risk for experiencing:

Reading difficulties

The ability to comprehend language is:

Receptive language

Supports that are not directly related to a student's instruction but are needed so that a student can access instruction are:

Related Services

Which aspect of assessment refers to the consistency with which a test measures something?

Reliability

Students with physical and health disabilities and their parents report that the following supports are needed to foster student success in general education settings with the exception of

Requesting that another student complete their work when they are absent due to health reasons

The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) affected students with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) by:

Requiring students to demonstrate English Language proficiency before a high school diploma is granted.

You are a new teacher teaching a mixed 9th-12th grade English class for students with disabilities. What is your first step in planning?

Research IEP goals and create learning profiles

Joan, a high school junior has a specific learning disability(SLD) in reading. Which of the following goals would be appropriate for her Individualized transition Plan (ITP)?

Researching postsecondary schools​

Dolores is a student in the fourth grade recently qualifying for an IEP under the emotionally disturbed category. She struggles with reading and writing and exhibits aggressive behaviors towards both peers and adults. According to LRE, which would be the most appropriate setting for Dolores to start in?

Resource pull out services

An alternative option for addressing serious student learning problems that was approved in the 2004 reauthorization of IDEA is:

Response to intervention

Ms. Brown taught a lesson on multiplying two-digit numbers to her students in a self-contained classroom. Then the students completed a math worksheet. Ms. Brown notes that most of the students had more than half the problems incorrect. Which of the following should Ms. Brown do next?

Reteach the lesson another way to see if the students can improve their understanding of the topic.

The ability to easily remember things without necessarily knowing what they mean is:

Rote memory

Meeting families in non-school settings

School professionals can positively influence interactions with family members who may find schools intimidating places by:

A professional who is licensed to administer intelligence tests and other assessments used in determining whether a student is eligible to receive special education services is a:

School psychologist

If ADHD is significant, a student may qualify for services as other health impaired (OHI). Other students with ADHD are served through:

Section 504

A setting where the academic instruction is delivered by a special education teacher 60% of the student's day is a/an:

Self-Contained classroom

A setting where the academic instruction is delivered by a special education teacher 60% of the student's day is a/an:

Self-contained classroom

Students' knowledge and skills to understand their strengths and weaknesses and to use that knowledge to set and pursue goals is:

Self-determination

Joseph often flaps his hands and rocks while sitting on his carpet square at group time. This type of behavior is called:

Self-stimulatory

When a problem occurs in the inner ear or along the nerve pathway to the brain stem, what type of hearing loss occurs?

Sensorineural

The 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, decision resulted in which of the following:

Seperate cannot be equal.

Ms. Smith previews the IEPs of all her students prior to the beginning of the school year and spends time in the first weeks getting to know her students. She then researches way to help her students based on their needs. She uses universal design to make her classroom and curriculum accessible for all her students and uses accommodations and modifications outlined in her students' IEPs. What is another step she could take?

Set high expectations and collaborate with experts

For collaboration to be effective, all of the following is required except:

Shared philosophies

A general education teacher prepares a rubric for an assignment and a special education teacher prepares a graphic organizer for students to use when completing the assignment. This is an example of the collaborative characteristic of:

Shared resources

A general education teacher prepares a rubric for an assignment and a special education teacher prepares a graphic organizer for students to use when completing the assignment. This is an example of the collaborative characteristic of:

Shared responsibility

Margaret is a fifth grader at Harrison Middle School. She has been in the AG (academically gifted) program for two years. She was recently identified as LD in math. What services is she legally entitled to?

She is only entitled to special education services

Which of the following will best motivate a student with a specific learning disability (SLD) in an inclusive eighth-grade history class in which students are beginning to learn about the Second World War?

Showing Hawaii on a map and pictures from the events at Pearl Harbor

Educators may need to help students avoid extreme heat and cold, drink enough fluids, and use relaxation strategies in an effort to support students with a disorder that affects the red blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. This disorder is

Sickle cell disease

Challenges which must be addressed in order for students with autism to succeed in general education environments may include all of the following EXCEPT:

Significant mobility issues

Tier 2 interventions generally involve:

Small-group instruction several times a week.

Ms. Roberts is a special education teacher at the high school level. She is part of a collaborative team that has only recently begun. She has a bad habit of being chronically late to the scheduled meeting times with the other members of the team. Which of the following statements most likely describes how Ms. Roberts' behavior could affect the group?

The group is resentful because she is showing a lack of interest in and respect for the shared work of the group.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding due process hearings?

The hearing officer is not a judge

Edouard Seguin is known for:

The idea that students with disabilities could learn if provided a structured learning environment

Examples of language components which might be assessed include all of the following EXCEPT:

The presence of perseveration

Which of the following are important consideration in the process of evaluating a student for evidence of an emotional behavior disturbance (EBD)?

The referring teacher The age of the student at the onset of the problem behavior The setting in which the problem behavior is exhibited

The greatest number of students receiving special services is enrolled primarily in:

The regular classroom

Tara is an elementary student diagnosed with autism. She is currently in the general education classroom but is having difficulty functioning in this setting. Her family is happy with her placement but the teacher feels a change is needed. Tara's placement can be changed by:

The student's team with parent permission

What is the advantage of seating students in a semicircle?

The teacher can monitor students

Males are diagnosed as Emotionally Disturbed at significantly higher rates than females, in some districts representing up to 75% of the students diagnose with ED. Which of the following is the least likely reason for this discrepancy?

The vagueness of the qualifications for ED allow room for gender bias when diagnosing a student with ED

Each of the following is TRUE of communication skills EXCEPT:

They cannot be readily taught and learned

Parents and families of children with disabilities are valued members of the special education team because:

They have a unique and valuable perspective on their child

Tim and Bertha are the same age but Bertha is diagnosed with a disability. How would you expect them to be the same and/or different cognitively?

They may be different because Bertha has a disability

Students with speech and language disorders struggle socially and emotionally because:

They may be the target of peer teasing

Collaboration is integral to RTI and MTSS with instruction and interventions provided through a tiered approach. Within one of these tiers, teachers provide high-quality instruction to all students. This suggests that universal design for learning, differentiated instruction, curriculum-based assessment, and positive behavior supports will be provided - all areas in which special educators have highly specialized knowledge to share with their general education colleagues. This tier is:

Tier 1

The primary barrier to collaboration is:

Time

Kylie is a student in early high school who benefits from resource services. She often forgets to turn in her assignments and even though she turns in about 40% of her work, she is always surprised to receive a failing grade in her classes. What skill might Kyra benefit from?

Time management skills

Which of the following is the most appropriate reason for using reinforcement contingencies with students who exhibit challenging behaviors?

To enhance students' basic lifestyles

What is the primary purpose of a summative assessment?

To gauge student learning after the completion of a unit

Each is a parental right regarding special education eligibility determination EXCEPT:

To have immediate access to educational records after a formal request

What is the purpose of a cognitive assessment?

To measure Intellectual ability

After the majority of his 5th grade students were failing to complete their homework, Mr. Loki set up a reward system in his classroom. In this system, students earn a Loki dollar each time they turn in their homework on time. Students then use these Loki dollars to buy items from a classroom store such as stickers or pens. What is technique is this an example of?

Token Economy

Mr. Harrell, Mrs. Carter, Mr. Hartman, Mrs. Walker, and Ms. Picadilly form a team in which members share their information, skills, and service delivery. This type of team is the most collaborative special education team, however, it is also the most difficult type of team to create and sustain. This type of team is called:

Transdisciplinary team

Learning study and organizational strategies, ways to access services at college, and time management skills are examples of skills to be taught as part of:

Transition planning

Cheyenne was in a horrific car accident when she was just 7 years old. The car she was riding in flipped several times and she was thrown out. She suffered an open skull fracture resulting in impairments in cognition, language, and motor abilities. Cheyenne suffered a/an

Traumatic brain injury

Which disability category was added to IDEA in 1990?

Traumatic brain injury

Evan is an 8th grader with a cochlear implant. His family does not frequently take him in public and does not often have conversations with him. What kind of impact might this have on Emmanuel's development?

Two answers are correct. He will separate himself from his family and find more peers that accept him It will negatively impact his self-confidence causing him to act out in class and perform lower academically

Margaret is a high school senior with autism. She is in a self-contained classroom and is maintaining passing grades, though she still demonstrates poor social skills. Which of the following will be most beneficial for Margaret?

Use of functional curriculum

Cindy is a student with traumatic brain injury. She becomes confused about expectations for assignments. Your best course of action to help Cindy is to do which of the following?

Use rubrics to delineate the expectations for assignments.

A student with an articulation disorder lacks confidence speaking in a large-group setting. Which of the following instructional techniques will be the most effective to provide an opportunity for the student to participate meaningfully in a class discussion?

Using a think-pair-share activity

A student with articulation disorder lacks confidence speaking in a large-group setting. Which of the following instructional techniques will be the most effective to provide an opportunity for the student to participate meaningfully in a class discussion?

Using a think-pair-share activity

Alan is an 8th grade student with an Intellectual Disability. He is functioning at a 3rd grade level in all academic areas. He receives instruction in the resource room. Which of the following is an appropriate goal for Alan?

Using correct end-point punctuation when writing sentences​

Which of the following goals will most likely be included in an Individualized Education Program (IEP) for an eighth-grade student who has autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ?

Using eye contact when speaking to the teacher

Ethan is a student in 6th grade with an intellectual disability. He is in a self-contained class for math, currently learning ratios. Which of the following teaching techniques will be most beneficial to Ethan?

Using math manipulatives

Which of the following is the best method for nonverbal students with mental disabilities to employ for independently expressing their wants and needs?

Using picture cards and symbols

A history class in the resource room is studying ancient Egypt. The students are building pyramids and rectangles out the gelatin blocks to investigate which shape is stronger. Which of the intelligences does the lesson address?

Visual-spatial

The transition activities that have to be addressed, unless the IEP team finds it uncalled for, include all of the following EXCEPT:

Volunteer opportunities

Most education professionals are less interested in whether a hearing loss is congenital or acquired than they are in:

Whether a student's hearing loss was prelingual or postlingual.

Whether students with ADHD successfully transition into postschool options can depend heavily on each of the following EXCEPT:

Whether they took medications.

It reauthorized the discretionary programs of EHA

Which is untrue about the Americans with disabilities Act (ADA)?

Although no single category exists in IDEA that is labeled severe and multiple disabilities, each of the following conditions are included in IDEA and typically grouped under this heading EXCEPT students:

With traumatic brain injuries

Stephen is a student in high school with Downs Syndrome. In his Art class, students make fun of him when he speaks out. The special educator should intervene by:

Working with the art teacher to develop a no-bully policy that will be applied to the entire class

Alternate assessment strategies may include:

a. Portfolio assessments b. Performance assessments c. Curriculum-based assessments d. All of the above

Factors contributing to disproportionate representation include:

a. Poverty b. Systemic bias c. Both A and B

Effective educational practices for students with EBD include:

a. Prevention b. Collaboration c. Procedures required by IDEA d. All of the above

When teachers are new to co-teaching, they sometimes decide that they should select just one approach, avoiding use of the others. Use of the co-teaching approaches should be based on several key factors:

a. The needs of students b. Factors related to teachers c. The specific curricular material to be taught d. All of the above

Which of the following are potential barriers to parental participation?

a. Time b. Childcare c. Transportation All of the above

Practices related to assessment and instruction can be effective in addressing the needs of students from diverse groups, whether they have disabilities or not. These practices may include:

a. assessment redesign and alternative assessment approaches b. differentiated instruction and universal design for learning c. multicultural, bilingual, ESL, and sheltered English education d. all of the above

Continuum of placement options may include:

a. hospital setting b. a residential setting c. a secluded room d. more than one of the above

Elements of culture include:

a. response - correct b. values c. behavior patterns d. language e. All of the above

Examiners attempting to identify a student with learning disabilities tend to focus on the discrepancy between

ability and achievement test scores with ability being greater than what is indicated by achievement test scores

Autism

according to IDEA, a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three, that adversely affects a child's educational performance

Orthopedic Impairment

according to IDEA, a severe impairment that adversely affects a child's educational performance and includes impairments caused by congenital anomaly, impairments caused by disease, and impairments from other causes-conditions that affect movement (gross motor and/or fine motor)

tramatic brain injury

according to IDEA, an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both, that adversely affects a child's educational performance-the term applies to both open and closed head injuries-does not apply to brain injuries that are congenital or degenerative, or to brain injuries induced by birth trauma

hearing impairment

according to federal law, defined as an impairment in hearing, whether permanent or fluctuating, that adversely affects a child's educational performance but that is not included under the definition of deafness

hydrocephalus

an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

according to the DSM-V, the most significant criteria are significant difficulties in the domains of social interactions or communication and repetitive behavior and fixated or restricted interests-includes autism disorder, Asperger disorder, and other related conditions

Comorbid disabilities are described as:

additional disabilities

Acceleration

advancing learners through levels of curriculum and programs according to individual achievement and performance-assumes that different students of the same age are at different levels of learning within and across learning areas

Postlingual

after speech and language have been developed

Supplementary Aids and Services

aids, services, and other supports that are provided in regular education classes or other education-related settings to enable children with disabilities to be educated with nondisabled children to the maximum extent appropriate

Teachers often know more about the diagnosis and characteristics of ADHD than about effective ________.

all of the above

Characteristics of Down Syndrome include:

all of the above A. poor muscle tone B. eyes that slant upward C. tongues that seem somewhat large for the mouth

Early intervention services for families of children who are deaf or hard of hearing should include:

all of the above A. Emotional support B. Sign language lessons C. Listening and speech training

Because of the characteristics of students with intellectual disabilities, recommended instructional strategies include:

all of the above A. task analysis B. cooperative learning C. peer tutoring

wraparound services

an individually designed set of services including multiple school and community agencies intended to provide the supports necessary for students with emotional and behavior disorders and their families in order to keep students in their homes

Toxoplasmosis

an infection caused by a parasite spread through a cat's fecal matter

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

an inherited metabolic disorder occuring when the body is unable to produce an enzyme needed to process an amino acid which is present in many high-protein foods, including meat and eggs-children inherit this condition only if both parents carry the defective gene that causes it

Differentiation

an instructional approach that assumes that students need many different avenues to reach their learning potential-can address the content students are learning, the assessment tools through which learning is measured, the tasks students complete, and the instructional strategies employed

Procedural Safeguards

any decisions concerning a student with disabilities are made with parent input and in compliance with all aspects of the law

A loss of language after it has been developed is:

aphasia

curriculum overlapping

approach in which students with physical and health disabilities participate in the same activities as typical classmates, but their goals are somewhat different

IQ scores are:

approximations that guide professionals in making decisions about students' needs

The accurate production of sound used to form words is:

articulation

Formative Assessment

assessment for learning to improve learning and achievement

Summative Assessment

assessment of learning to measure attainment

Strategies that compensate for an individual's communication limitations or disabilities are comprised of:

augmentative and alternative communication

Kayden exhibited symptoms of redness, swelling, and soreness in his joints and was diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. This disease is one in which the body mistakenly responds to some of its own cells as though they are foreign and should be fought off. This is known as a/an

autoimmune disorder

perservation

behavior that is uncontrolled and continued to an exceptional degree (when a student rocks for an extended period of time)

Internalizing behaviors are those characterized as withdrawn or directed inward. An example is:

cannot get mind off certain thoughts, ideas, or situations

Calvin has an annoying habit of talking with classmates when there should be silence. Ms. Kasting's mentor teacher has suggested several strategies to her to try with Calvin. These include: making eye contact with him; physically move toward Calvin and stand near his desk or table; place her hand on his shoulder if necessary to gain his attention; or use a private signal such as a tap on the desk. These are all examples of:

low-involvement strategies

A communication board is a device that uses pictures, symbols, or printed words to facilitate student communication and:

may be either low tech or high tech

self-stimulatory behaviors

may involve rocking, hand flapping, and any other repetitive, stereotyped behavior patterns that apear to have not apparent function

In the beginning of the school year, Mrs. Rauch uses differentiation strategies in her class. She does this to

meet all learners needs

The critical aspects of instruction included in the M2ECCA framework include:

methods, materials, environment, content, collaboration, and assessment

The technique of guided practice is best demonstrated by a teacher who

monitors students who are working on an assignment

Orthopedic impairments are conditions that affect

movement

Some intellectual disabilities are caused by factors at play before birth. These factors are referred to as:

prenatal causes

Which IEP component comprises achievement test scores, teacher ratings of student behavior, and scores on specialized assessments?

present level of performance

Prelingual

prior to speech and language development

English as a Second Language (ESL)

programs in which professionals teach English directly to individuals who speak another language and do not use the student's native language to teach the curriculum

residential programs

programs usually attended by students with the most serious or dangerous emotional problems-students live at these schools, attending classes and participating in therapeutic and recreational activities

Students with autism may have a problem knowing the socially acceptable distance to maintain between people during conversation. This is known as a problem with:

proxemics