structure names

Hexane

C6H14

Heptane

C7H16

Octane

C8H18

Nonane

C9H20

Propane

CH3CH2CH3

tert- butyl

three CH3 groups bonded to the initial carbon

Phenyl

when a benzene ring is bonded directly to the initial carbon branch

benzyl

when a benzene ring is carbon bonded to the second carbon of the branch

Cycloalkanes

-CnH2n -carbon atoms forming a ring -Numbered starting at the point of greatest substitution

What are the three steps to naming alkanes?

1) look at the longest chain 2) substitution strain stems from the lowest carbon number 3) name the substitution

Pentane

C5H12

decane

C10H22

Butane

C4H10

Ethane

CH3CH3

Methane

CH4

acyclic alkanes

CnH2n+2, contain only linear and branched chains of carbon atoms

isopropyl (i-Pr)

R- /-CH CH3CH3

butyl (n-Bu)

R- CH2CH2CH2CH3

propyl (n-pr)

R- CH2CH2CH3

Ethyl (Et)

R-CH2CH3

methyl (Me)

R-CH3

isobutyl (i-Bu)

branched 'Y' form carbon group connected to initial carbon

sec-butyl (s-Bu)

linear butane chain with 2nd carbon bonded to the initial carbon