U2S4 Cellular Respiration
In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown? -NADPH -FADH2 -ADP -ATP -Pyruvate
ATP
The energy released from the redox reactions in the electron transport chain is used by the cell to make ______. -electrons -oxidized -reduced -NAD+ -oxygen -ATP
ATP
Structure A is _____. -phospholipid -ATP synthase -sensory protein -an electron acceptor -an electron donor
ATP synthase (tooth)
The function of cellular respiration is to _____. -synthesize macromolecules from monomers -extract usable energy from glucose -extract CO2 from the atmosphere -reduce CO2
extract usable energy from glucose
Humans use the calories they obtain from ________ as their source of energy. -water -food -sunlight -minerals
food
Pyruvate -is a six-carbon molecule. -forms at the end of glycolysis. -is the molecule that starts the citric acid cycle. -is the end product of oxidative phosphorylation.
forms at the end of glycolysis.
What molecules belong in space A and B? -oxygen and water -glucose and oxygen -carbon dioxide and oxygen -glucose and carbon dioxide -carbon dioxide and water
glucose and oxygen
In the equation shown below, during cellular respiration __________ is oxidized and __________ is reduced.
glucose....oxygen
What process occurs in Box A? -electron transport -electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation -oxidative phosphorylation -the citric acid cycle -glycolysis
glycolysis
Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism? -oxidative phosphorylation -glycolysis -the citric acid cycle -electron transport chain
glycolysis
In cellular respiration, glucose becomes _________ to carbon dioxide (CO2) as it loses electrons (in hydrogen atoms). -electrons -oxidized -reduced -NAD+ -oxygen -ATP
oxidized
In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is -oxygen. -water. -ADP. -carbon dioxide
oxygen
NADH delivers electrons to an electron transport chain, which passes the electrons through carrier molecules in a series of redox reactions to the final electron acceptor, _________. -electrons -oxidized -reduced -NAD+ -oxygen -ATP
oxygen
The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____. -water -NADH -CO2 -FADH2 -oxygen
oxygen
What process occurs in structure H? -intracellular digestion -photosynthesis -protein synthesis -cellular respiration -ribosome synthesis
photosynthesis
Bacteria have no membrane-enclosed organelles. However, some still generate ATP through cellular respiration. Where might the electron transport chain be found in these organisms? -plasma membrane -cytoplasm -mitochondria -nucleoid region
plasma membrane
The end products of the citric acid cycle include all of the following except -CO2. -ATP. -pyruvate. -FADH2.
pyruvate
For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain. -2 -6 -10 -4 -0
10
As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATP(s). -1 -0 -2 -36
2
How many NADH are produced by glycolysis? -2 -3 -5 -1 -4
2
How many molecules of NADH are produced during one round of glycolysis? -4 -8 -2 -6
2
In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP. -1 -3 -5 -4 -2
2
The overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose is -C5H12O6 + 6 O2 → 5 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy. -C6H12O6 + energy → 6 CO2+ 6 H2O + 6 O2. -5 CO2 + 6 H2O → C5H12O6 + 6 O2 + energy. -C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.
Which of the following best describes the electron transport chain? -Hydrogens are added to CO2 to make an energy-rich compound. -Electrons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step. -Acetyl CoA is fully oxidized to CO2.Electrons are pumped across a membrane by active transport. -Electrons are pumped across a membrane by active transport.
Electrons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step.
Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis? -pyruvate -water -FADH2 -NADH + H+ -ATP
FADH2
Which of the following statements regarding glycolysis is FALSE? -Glycolysis evolved in an oxygen-rich environment. -Glycolysis is the most widespread metabolic pathway found in Earth's life. -Glycolysis plays a role in both fermentation and respiration. -Glycolysis does not require compartmentalization by internal membranes.
Glycolysis evolved in an oxygen-rich environment.
Which of the following statements regarding glycolysis is false? -Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because it is the most efficient metabolic pathway for ATP synthesis. -Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because it occurs universally. -Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic process because it does not require oxygen. -Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic process because it is not located in a membrane-bound organelle.
Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because it is the most efficient metabolic pathway for ATP synthesis.
In cellular respiration, organic molecules become oxidized as _______ picks up electrons and H+ and becomes reduced to NADH. -electrons -oxidized -reduced -NAD+ -oxygen -ATP
NAD+
The end products of glycolysis include -citric acid. -O2. -NADH. -acetyl CoA.
NADH
As shown below, an electron carrier, such as __________, acts as an energy-storage molecule when it is __________. -NADH ... oxidized -NAD+ ... oxidized -NADH ... reduced -NAD+ ... reduced
NADH ... reduced
During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____. -acetyl CoA ... intermembrane space -NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space -NADH ... intermembrane space -NADH ... mitochondrial matrix -NADH and FADH2 ... mitochondrial matrix
NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space
Which of these enters the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)? -glucose -NADH + H+ -pyruvate -G3P -acetyl CoA
acetyl CoA
Which of the following statements regarding the movement of electrons during cellular respiration is true? -O2 is reduced when it accepts electrons and forms water. -The electrons release large amounts of energy each time they are transferred from one molecule to another. -Electrons tend to move away from O2. -O2 is eventually oxidized by the electrons to form water.
O2 is reduced when it accepts electrons and forms water.
Which of the following statements about the energy yield of aerobic respiration is false? -The total yield of ATP molecules per glucose molecule is about 32. -Oxidative phosphorylation resulting from 1 glucose molecule yields about 12 ATP molecules. -Most of the ATP derived during aerobic respiration results from oxidative phosphorylation.
Oxidative phosphorylation resulting from 1 glucose molecule yields about 12 ATP molecules.
What molecule is indicated by the letter D? -water -oxygen -ATP -pyruvate -glucose
Oxygen
Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)? -ATP -FADH2 -CO2 -acetyl CoA -NADH + H+
acetyl CoA
NADH pills can be purchased over the counter and are often taken by sufferers of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). What is the hypothesis about how these pills might benefit a CFS patient? -They would decrease the rate of glycolysis. -They would decrease the rate of alcoholic fermentation. -They would increase the number of electrons provided to the electron transport chain. -They would increase energy by creating more FADH2.
They would increase the number of electrons provided to the electron transport chain.
Through respiration, humans breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2. However, what would happen if we did not breathe in O2? -We would not make enough ATP to meet our energy requirements -We would not have enough enzymes to catalyze reactions. -We would not be able to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules. -We would not be able to perform lactic acid fermentation.
We would not make enough ATP to meet our energy requirements
The function of coenzyme A in the citric acid cycle is most like -a limousine driver dropping off a couple at the school prom. -a frog that turns into a prince. -throwing a baited hook into a lake and catching a fish. -a kid jumping up and down on a trampoline.
a limousine driver dropping off a couple at the school prom.
What molecules belong in spaces E and F? -carbon dioxide and water -glucose and oxygen -glucose, water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen -carbon dioxide and oxygen -oxygen and water
carbon dioxide and water
By-products of cellular respiration include -carbon dioxide and water. -FADH2 and NADH. -NADH and ATP. -oxygen and heat.
carbon dioxide and water.
What process occurs within Box B? -electron transport -electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation -oxidative phosphorylation -the citric acid cycle -glycolysis
citric acid cycle
In nutrient-rich environments (like your mouth), bacteria can use the provided amino acids to synthesize their proteins. However, should the environmental conditions change and become nutrient-poor, bacteria would need to synthesize their amino acids. They can do this using __________. -ATP -citric acid cycle intermediates -glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate -glucose
citric acid cycle intermediates
The transfer of __________ from one molecule to another is an oxidation-reduction reaction, or redox reaction. -electrons -oxidized -reduced -NAD+ -oxygen -ATP
electrons
During which of the following phases of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation take place? -oxidative phosphorylation only -glycolysis only -glycolysis and the citric acid cycle -the citric acid cycle only
glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
We inhale O2 and we exhale CO2. Carbon dioxide is produced __________. -when oxygen acquires electrons and protons at the end of the electron transport chain -during the formation of pyruvate -in the reaction that creates acetyl CoA (coenzyme A) from pyruvate -during the electron transfer steps of oxidative phosphorylation
in the reaction that creates acetyl CoA (coenzyme A) from pyruvate
During cellular respiration, energy in glucose -is used to manufacture glucose. -is released all at once. -is carried by electrons. -becomes stored in molecules of ammonia.
is carried by electrons
Respiration ________, and cellular respiration ________. -is gas exchange; produces ATP -produces glucose; produces oxygen -produces ATP; is gas exchange -uses glucose; produces glucose
is gas exchange; produces ATP
The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is -ATP synthase -NADH and FADH2 -ATP -substrate-level phosphorylation -kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient
kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient
In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____. -carbon dioxide, ethanol, NADH, and ATP -lactate and NAD+ -carbon dioxide, ethanol, NAD+, and ATP -lactate and NADH -pyruvate
lactate and NAD+
Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________. -gain of protons; loss of protons -loss of electrons; gain of electrons -gain of electrons; loss of electrons -gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen
loss of electrons; gain of electrons
The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some energy is -lost in the form of heat. -used to create light. -destroyed when the chemical bonds of glucose are made. -saved in the chemical bonds of water, CO2, and O2.
lost in the form of heat
What organelle is indicated by the letter C? -mitochondrion -chloroplast -Golgi apparatus -lysosome -peroxisome
mitochondrion
In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____. -photophosphorylation -oxidative phosphorylation -photosynthesis -cellular respiration -substrate-level phosphorylation
oxidative phosphorylation
In eukaryotes, most of the high-energy electrons released from glucose by cellular respiration __________. -reduce NAD+ to NADH, which then delivers them to the electron transport chain -are used to form ATP by the citric acid cycle -are bound to FAD to be sent through the process of oxidative phosphorylation -are used for synthesizing lactic acid
reduce NAD+ to NADH, which then delivers them to the electron transport chain
In cellular respiration, oxygen becomes ________ to water (H2O) as it gains electrons (in hydrogen atoms) that came from glucose. -electrons -oxidized -reduced -NAD+ -oxygen -ATP
reduced
Which step of the citric acid cycle requires both NAD+ and ADP as reactants? -step 1 -step 2 -step 3 -step 4
step 3
In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____. -oxidative phosphorylation -substrate-level phosphorylation -photophosphorylation -cellular respiration -photosynthesis
substrate-level phosphorylation
In the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle), ATP molecules are produced by _____. -oxidative phosphorylation -cellular respiration -photophosphorylation -substrate-level phosphorylation -photosynthesis
substrate-level phosphorylation
Most NADH molecules generated during cellular respiration are produced during __________. -the electron transport chain -the reduction of oxygen -glycolysis -the citric acid cycle
the citric acid cycle