Week 4 Quiz: Chapter 6

Which research strategy is least concerned with examining relationships between variables? a. descriptive b. correlational c. experimental d. quasi-experimental

a. descriptive

The ____ of a research study is concerned with factors in the study that raise doubts about the interpretation of the results.​ a. internal validity b. external validity c. reliability d. accuracy

a. internal validity

As the values for one variable decrease from one person to another, the values for a second variable also tend to decrease. This is an example of a(n) ____ relationship.​ a. positive b. negative c. curvilinear d. inconsistent

a. positive

A research study records a score measuring Facebook use and a score measuring happiness level for each individual in a group of 20-year-old women. The study intends to determine whether there is a relationship between the two variables. This study is best characterized as ____ research. a. descriptive b. correlational c. experimental d. nonexperimental

b. correlational

​A researcher is concerned that experimental results obtained with college students may not apply to adults in the general population. This illustrates a concern with ____ validity. a. internal b. external c. experimental d. correlational

b. external

The degree to which your research results generalize beyond the specific characteristics of your study refers to ____. a. internal validity b. external validity c. general validity d. reliability

b. external validity

A researcher designs a study to determine whether female preschoolers prefer sweetened or unsweetened cereal. The researcher first presents the children with the sweet cereal and measures how much they ate. Later, during the same session, the researcher presents the children with the unsweetened cereal and measures how much they ate. The research finds that the group of preschoolers ate more of the sweetened cereal and therefore prefers the sweetened cereal. Is this conclusion justified? a. Yes b. No. Individual differences could threaten the results. c. No. Time-related variables could threaten the results. d. No. Children's gender could threaten the results.

c. No. Time-related variables could threaten the results.

The results of a study may be influenced by the experimenter's expectations regarding the outcome of the study. This artifact is known as _____. a. reactivity b. novelty c. experimenter bias d. volunteerism

c. experimenter bias

A(n) ____variable is a variable in a study that is not being directly studied.​ a. independent b. dependent c. extraneous d. lax

c. extraneous

As the values for one variable increase from one person to another, the values for a second variable tend to decrease. This is an example of a(n) ____ relationship. a. incohate b. nonlinear c. negative d. positive

c. negative

True experiments allow researchers to ____.​ a. eliminate experimenter bias b. answer questions about the existence of a relationship between two variables c. observe naturally occurring behavior d. answer cause-and-effect questions about the relationship between two variables

d. answer cause-and-effect questions about the relationship between two variables

​A study examining the relationship between humor and memory compares memory performance scores for one group presented with humorous sentences and a second group presented with nonhumorous sentences. The participants presented with the humorous sentences are all males. The participants presented with the nonhumorous sentences are all females. In this study, gender (male/female) is best characterized as a(n) ____ variable. a. independent b. dependent c. extraneous d. confounding

d. confounding

Both correlational and nonexperimental studies intend to examine relationships between variables without trying to explain the relationships.​ T/F

true

The problem with using college students as research participants is that college students are not perfectly representative of the general adult population.​ T/F

true