Art Ch.4
Which types of materials are suitable in the construction of load-bearing architecture?
- Brick - Adobe - Ice blocks - Stone
Which descriptions apply to carving?
- It is more direct than casting. - It is a subtractive process. - It is more aggressive than modeling.
Which architectural elements are characteristic of Gothic style?
- Large stained glass windows - Flying buttresses - Pointed arches
Which of the following are examples of nomadic dwellings involving fabric architecture?
- Tents - Yurts
Which characteristics best describe synthetic resin as a sculptural material?
- The appearance of more traditional sculptural material can be easily mimicked. - A wide range of colored pigments in can be added to incorporate color.
What is the formal pose of Menkaure and Khamerenebty meant to convey?
- The power of the rulers - Their status as "junior gods" - Their eternal existence
What are the principal materials used for carving?
- Wood - Stone
By what is the weight of a suspension bridge primarily supported?
A series of steel cables
What is one advantage of reinforced-concrete construction?
An ability to be molded into nearly any shape or form
What was the 19th-century movement that promoted the handmade object and held exhibitions of pottery, textiles, and woodworking?
Arts and Crafts movement
What metal is most frequently used in the casting process?
Bronze
What is CAD/CAM?
Computer-aided design and manufacturing
Which features of this work rely on rows of stones that extend over each other until the opening is bridged?
Corbelled domes
What did the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London do?
Established the success of cast-iron as a building material
Which architect used digital design and fabrication to create works such as the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao?
Frank Gehry
______ _______ are relatively lightweight, amazingly strong, and built with prefabricated modules, all of which allows for quick and inexpensive construction.
Geodesic Domes
Which metals may be forged cold?
Gold
Who was the most prominent advocate for the Arts and Crafts movement in the United States?
Gustav Stickley
Which is NOT an advantage of balloon-frame construction?
It can be built to conceivably infinite heights.
What does the use of the bracket set and the stepped truss system do in Eastern architecture?
It distributes the weight of the roof evenly across a series of columns.
What can be inferred about modern architecture due to the advent of new technologies and materials?
It is better equipped to respond to community and environmental needs
Which was an innovation of the ancient Egyptian Chair of Hetepheres?
It was portable with armrests.
Why does much ancient art that remains in the 21st century exist as terra cotta?
It was surprisingly durable.
Which material is derived from the teeth of large mammals?
Ivory
Our sense of community is strengthened by having access to what area?
Public spaces
What set includes common community buildings?
Schools, courthouses, libraries, and hospitals
Which is NOT a basic architectural structural system?
Stacking
Taking a block of marble and carving a human figure out of it is considered to be what kind of sculptural process?
Subtractive
What does the keystone do?
Supports the downward and outward thrust of the rounded arch
What is the ability for a building material to withstand stretching known as?
Tensile strength
What is a drawback of load-bearing construction?
The inability to insert large openings, such as windows, in the walls
To what is green architecture largely a response?
The unsustainable cost of industrialization
In lost-wax casting, what is the purpose of the metal pins placed into the clay core?
They hold the core in place after the wax melts.
What is the purpose of green architecture?
To create a healthier and less wasteful human habitat
What is the significance of the portico?
To trick visitors into thinking they were visiting a post-and-lintel temple
The use of found objects as a sculptural material is an example of what type of sculptural technique?
assembling
What type of skeleton-and-skin construction method is this?
balloon frame
Suspension techniques are most closely associated with the construction of
bridges
During the mid-19th century the experimental use of ______ as a building material allowed for breakthroughs in the development of the skeleton-and-skin structural system.
cast-iron
Which sculpting method includes using a specifically shaped container into which the liquid is poured and then allowed to cool and harden?
casting
What is the most common sculptural material used for modeling?
clay
A work of art that is made for a specific place using natural materials found there is called a(n) ______.
earthwork
When a metal is shaped through hammer blows, it is called ______.
forging
Which substance is made from silica, or sand, which can be heated, shaped, cooled, and reheated?
glass
This architectural work represents the elements of ______ architecture.
gothic
What type of sculpture is this?
high relief
What culture is most closely associated with the use of corbelled architectural elements?
indian
When glass is heated, it becomes ______ , or melted.
molten
A circular opening at the top of a dome is called the ______.
oculus
A hard white translucent ceramic made of white clay is called ______.
porcelain
Lacquer is made from tree
sap
Reinforced-concrete construction is most similar to the ______ structural system.
shell
Used in building skyscrapers, ______ construction uses a metal cage to support a decorative exterior of another material such as glass, masonry, or stone.
steel-frame
What era of peoples first made use of fabric architecture?
stone age
What technological advancement of the 1980s influenced digital design and manufacturing?
the personal computer
What is the fastest method of creating a hollow, rounded form in clay?
A potter's wheel
Which form of fiber art involves placing two sets of parallel fibers at right angles and interlacing one set with the other?
weaving
Which are methods used in carving?
- Cutting - Chipping - Gouging
Based on the ancient Egyptian convention of depicting human form, how are the pharaoh Menkaure and Khamerenebty portrayed?
- Facing straight forward, with the pharaoh's arms arms stiff at his sides - With idealized facial features and bodies
Which are considered to be vegetable fibers?
- Flax - Cotton - Raffia
Which innovations made balloon-frame construction practical?
- Mass-produced nails - Improved milling lumber techniques
Because ______ is renewable, available, and easily carved, almost all civilizations, old and new, have made objects from it.
wood
Which are characteristics of earthworks?
- They enter into the natural world and participate in its changes. - They were originally conceived of as a way to make art that could not be bought and sold. - The element of time is central to earthworks.
What are the two most common materials use in post-and-lintel constriction?
- Wood - Stone
For what reasons can we assume that only a small fraction of the wooden objects created over time still survive?
- Wood is an organic material. - Wood is susceptible to water. - Wood is susceptible to fire. - Wood is susceptible to insects.
What is assemblage?
The art of bringing together individual objects to form a sculpture
