Bio 4.4

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.

microtubules

Ribosomes are the site of ________ synthesis.

protein

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

protein modification

How are the jobs of the mitochondrion and the chloroplast related?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts both convert energy from some other form into ATP.

What is the purpose of mitochondria?

Mitochondria produce ATP using the energy in food.

What activity occurs in the nucleolus?

Ribosomes are created in the nucleolus.

Which statement most accurately describes the interactions among ER, ribosomes, and Golgi bodies in exporting protein from the cell?

Ribosomes manufacture proteins, which travel through the ER and are packaged by the Golgi bodies for export.

_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.

basal bodies

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

lipid manufacture

Which of the components of the cytoskeleton is much more important to animal cells than to plant cells?

microfilaments

All of the following cells contain mitochondria EXCEPT

prokaryotic cells

All of the following are dependent on cilia EXCEPT the

sperm of animals

Which of the statements below would not be valid in supporting the endosymbiont hypothesis (as it pertains to mitochondria and chloroplasts)?

Both have identical DNA

What is similar about exporting proteins from a cell and digesting food particles within a cell?

Both processes involve the formation of vesicles.

Which pair of organelles is responsible for supplying energy (in the form of ATP) to eukaryotic cells?

Chloroplast and mitochondria

What is the difference between cilia and flagella?

Cilia are much shorter than flagella

Choose the correct pathway of information flow in the cell.

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

The food particles shown in this figure are being ingested by

Endocytosis and ribosome

What is the difference between free and attached ribosomes?

Free ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are embedded on the endoplasmic reticulum.

Researchers have been able to study the pathway of a secreted protein by "tagging" it with a fluorescent marker. Using this method, you would observe fluorescence moving from the ER to which organelle?

Golgi apparatus

Which cellular organelle packages enzymes and forms lysosomes?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus

Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?

Golgi apparatus

If a cell contains large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), then

Large amounts of proteins can be produced

How does a cell rid itself of defective or malfunctioning organelles?

Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them.

A nucleolus is

Makes ribosomes

Which of the components of the cytoskeleton are used directly for movement of components inside of the cell?

Micro tubes and microfiliaments

Which of the functions of a cytoskeleton is unique to eukaryotic cells and does not occur in prokaryotic cells?

Organnela movement

Which is a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes have a nucleoid, whereas eukaryotes have a nucleus.

The cytoskeleton performs all the following important functions within a cell except:

Synthesizing ribosomes

If all of the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured and released their contents, what could occur?

The biological molecules in the cell would begin to degrade

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.

Why is the nucleus considered the control center for the cell?

The nucleus controls which proteins are made and when.

The ribosomes in eukaryotic cells are larger than the ribosomes in prokaryotic cells. Furthermore, eukaryotic ribosomes are not affected by some chemicals that affect prokaryotic ribosomes, a fact that can be put to good use by microbiologists seeking new antimicrobial drugs. An example of this is the antibiotic erythromycin, which prevents protein synthesis by prokaryotic ribosomes but does not affect eukaryotic ribosomes at all. Thus, erythromycin kills bacteria but does not affect humans or other animals. Using this information, which of the following would be expected and would support the endosymbiont hypothesis?

The ribosomes will be sensitive

Which of the following provides evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic organisms?

They contain their own DNA.

All of the following are characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts EXCEPT

both can capture the energy of sunlight.

We usually compare all eukaryotic cells as a group to all prokaryotic cells. However, some types of eukaryotic cells have characteristics that are found in prokaryotic cells, but not found in other eukaryotic cells. What feature do plant cells share with prokaryotic cells, but not animal cells?

cell wall

Which of the following is capable of converting solar energy into chemical energy?

chloroplasts

Which of the following relationships is FALSE?

chloroplasts- chief site of lipid synthesis

The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains all of the following EXCEPT

christ

___ is all of the material contained within the plasma membrane of a cell, except for the nucleus.

cytoplasm

Of the following cell components, which is composed of protein fibers that provide shape and organization to eukaryotic cells?

cytoskeleton

The structural framework in a cell is the

cytoskeleton

What primarily determines the shape of animal cells, which lack cell walls?

cytoskeleton

The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is characterized by

double membrane

Which of the following is NOT a function of plastids?

extracting energy from food and converting it to ATP

A cell from a wheat plant contains all of the following EXCEPT a

flagellum

The cell shown in this figure must be

from a eukaryote

In which of these cell types would you expect to find a membrane-bound nucleus?

fungal cell

plant cell wall

is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion

lysosome

Which of the following is the thinnest?

microfilament

Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?

microtubules

Which organelle is most abundant in cardiac muscle cells?

mitochondria

The organelle that extracts energy in food to produce ATP energy is the

mitochondrion

Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?

mitochondrion

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?

mitochondrion

Flagellated cells can

move the cell through fluid

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.

nucleolus

The process of creating and exporting a protein requires many organelles. Which of the following lists these organelles in order?

nucleus, rough ER, vesicle, golgi apparatus, vesicle

Plastids are found in ________ cells.

plant

The nucleus is an example of a cell _____, one of a number of tiny membrane-enclosed structures found in many cells.

organelle

You find a population of strange cells in a sample of pond water. You wish to determine first whether they are eukaryotic or prokaryotic. You look for a membrane-enclosed nucleus and don't see one, but sometimes the nucleus is hard to spot without staining. What else could you look for to determine which cell type this is?

organelles

Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?

peroxisome

A cell with a large number of lysosomes would most likely be very active in

phagocytosis

A particular cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a(n) ________ cell.

plant or animal

The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.

plasma membrane

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

plasma membrane

Which cellular structure has the most in common with the nuclear envelope?

plasma membrane

Fibers of the cytoskeleton are composed of primarily

proteins

Which of the following does NOT possess a double membrane?

ribosome

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells possess

ribosomes

Which of the following is associated with rough ER?

ribosomes

Which structure is directly responsible for the formation of proteins within the cell?

ribosomes

_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.

ribosomes

Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Cells that primarily produce steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, have large quantities of

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Where is calcium stored?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Where are lipids made in the cell?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A mutant plant cell with no chloroplasts would

still be able to use carbohydrates as an energy source

All the following are important functions of the cytoskeleton EXCEPT

storage of food molecules

What is the function of a plant cell vacuole?

stores water

What is the purpose of the cell wall?

support and protection

A plant cell adapted for waste storage would probably contain a large number of

vacuoles

The Golgi apparatus packages materials into ________ for transport or export.

vesicles

Which of the following "buds off" of the Golgi complex?

vesicles