Blood Vessels and Circulation Anatomy II Exam 1
Baroreceptors that detect changes in blood pressure are located in the superior and inferior vena cava. True False
Baroreceptors that detect changes in blood pressure are located in the superior and inferior vena cava. True *False*
Blood pressure is equivalent to: hydrostatic pressure. oncotic pressure. net filtration pressure colloid osmotic pressure
Blood pressure is equivalent to: *hydrostatic pressure.* oncotic pressure. net filtration pressure colloid osmotic pressure
Blood pressure is equivalent to: hydrostatic pressure. oncotic pressure net filtration pressure colloid osmotic pressure
Blood pressure is equivalent to: *hydrostatic pressure.* oncotic pressure net filtration pressure colloid osmotic pressure
By which method can large substances cross the endothelial cells and exit a capillary? transcytosis facilitated diffusion osmosis diffusion
By which method can large substances cross the endothelial cells and exit a capillary? *transcytosis* facilitated diffusion osmosis diffusion
By which method can large substances cross the endothelial cells and exit a capillary? facilitated diffusion transcytosis osmosis diffusion
By which method can large substances cross the endothelial cells and exit a capillary? facilitated diffusion *transcytosis* osmosis diffusion
Damage to the external iliac artery will affect delivery of blood to the: upper limb. lower limb. brain. abdominal organs.
Damage to the external iliac artery will affect delivery of blood to the: upper limb. *lower limb.* brain. abdominal organs.
Determine fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary. -water is pushed out of the capillary by filtration -there is no net movement of water -water is pulled into the capillary by absorption -water is pushed into the capillary by absorption
Determine fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary. *-water is pushed out of the capillary by filtration* -there is no net movement of water -water is pulled into the capillary by absorption -water is pushed into the capillary by absorption
Determine fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary. water is pushed out of the capillary by filtration water is pushed into the capillary by absorption there is no net movement of water water is pulled into the capillary by absorption
Determine fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary. *-water is pushed out of the capillary by filtration* -water is pushed into the capillary by absorption -there is no net movement of water -water is pulled into the capillary by absorption
Determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP) given a systolic pressure of 130 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of 70 mm Hg. 90 mm Hg 70 mm Hg 130 mm Hg 200 mm Hg
Determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP) given a systolic pressure of 130 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of 70 mm Hg. *90 mm Hg* 70 mm Hg 130 mm Hg 200 mm Hg *(dx2+s)/3*
Determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP) given a systolic pressure of 130 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of 70 mm Hg. 70 mm Hg 90 mm Hg 130 mm Hg 200 mm Hg
Determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP) given a systolic pressure of 130 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of 70 mm Hg. 70 mm Hg *90 mm Hg* 130 mm Hg 200 mm Hg *formula (diastolic x 2 + systolic)/3*
Fenestrations in capillaries are small pores that allow water and small substances to move freely through these pores. True False
Fenestrations in capillaries are small pores that allow water and small substances to move freely through these pores. *True* False
Hypertension is defined as: low blood pressure. high blood pressure. high blood sugar. excess aldosterone.
Hypertension is defined as: low blood pressure. *high blood pressure.* high blood sugar. excess aldosterone.
Into what vein do the splenic, gastric, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric veins drain? hepatic portal vein inferior epigastric vein hepatic vein inferior vena cava
Into what vein do the splenic, gastric, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric veins drain? *hepatic portal vein* inferior epigastric vein hepatic vein inferior vena cava
Into which vein does blood in the external jugular vein drain? internal jugular vein inferior vena cava vertebral vein subclavian vein
Into which vein does blood in the external jugular vein drain? internal jugular vein inferior vena cava vertebral vein *subclavian vein*
Most veins below the diaphragm drain into the: inferior vena cava superior vena cava hepatic vein superior mesenteric vein
Most veins below the diaphragm drain into the: *inferior vena cava* superior vena cava hepatic vein superior mesenteric vein
Peripheral resistance includes all of the following EXCEPT: blood viscosity. blood type. vessel radius. blood vessel length.
Peripheral resistance includes all of the following EXCEPT: blood viscosity. *blood type.* vessel radius. blood vessel length.
Place in order from superficial to deep the three tunics of a typical blood vessel. -tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa -tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media -tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa -tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
Place in order from superficial to deep the three tunics of a typical blood vessel. -tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa -tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media -tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa *-tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima*
Select the correct relationship between peripheral resistance and blood pressure. -As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure increases. -As peripheral resistance decreases, blood pressure increases. -As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure decreases. -Peripheral resistance has no effect on blood pressure.
Select the correct relationship between peripheral resistance and blood pressure. *-As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure increases.* -As peripheral resistance decreases, blood pressure increases. -As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure decreases. -Peripheral resistance has no effect on blood pressure.
The average pressure in the systemic arteries during an entire cardiac cycle is known as: venous pressure. systolic pressure. pulmonary circuit. mean arterial pressure (MAP).
The average pressure in the systemic arteries during an entire cardiac cycle is known as: venous pressure. systolic pressure. pulmonary circuit. *mean arterial pressure (MAP).*
What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure? antidiuretic hormone (ADH) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) angiotensin-II aldosterone
What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure? antidiuretic hormone (ADH) *atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)* angiotensin-II aldosterone
What is edema? swelling net filtration pressure absorption dehydration
What is edema? *swelling* net filtration pressure absorption dehydration
What is systole? contraction phase of the heart pressure in the veins pressure in the arteries relaxation phase of the heart
What is systole? *contraction phase of the heart* pressure in the veins pressure in the arteries relaxation phase of the heart
What is the average value for mean arterial pressure (MAP)? 80 mm Hg 95 mm Hg 120 mm Hg 150 mm Hg
What is the average value for mean arterial pressure (MAP)? 80 mm Hg *95 mm Hg* 120 mm Hg 150 mm Hg
What is the largest artery in the body? left common carotid artery left subclavian artery pulmonary trunk aorta
What is the largest artery in the body? left common carotid artery left subclavian artery pulmonary trunk *aorta*
The closure of a precapillary sphincter prevents blood flow to tissues from: elastic arteries. venules. muscular arteries. arterioles.
The closure of a precapillary sphincter prevents blood flow to tissues from: elastic arteries. venules. muscular arteries. *arterioles.*
The majority of the arterial supply to the head and neck comes from the __________. brachiocephalic artery common iliac arteries internal jugular veins common carotid arteries
The majority of the arterial supply to the head and neck comes from the __________. brachiocephalic artery common iliac arteries internal jugular veins *common carotid arteries*
Under what conditions will the myogenic mechanism slow blood flow into a capillary bed? rising hydrogen ion levels rising carbon dioxide levels rising arteriolar pressure dropping arteriole pressure
Under what conditions will the myogenic mechanism slow blood flow into a capillary bed? rising hydrogen ion levels rising carbon dioxide levels *rising arteriolar pressure* dropping arteriole pressure
Veins regulate blood pressure and control blood flow to organs. True False
Veins regulate blood pressure and control blood flow to organs. True *False*
Veins regulate blood pressure and control blood flow to organs. True False
Veins regulate blood pressure and control blood flow to organs. True *False*
Vessels with a smaller radius will have an increased resistance to blood flow. True False
Vessels with a smaller radius will have an increased resistance to blood flow. *True* False
Water can move across capillary walls by __________. active transport transcytosis diffusion osmosis
Water can move across capillary walls by __________. active transport transcytosis diffusion *osmosis*
Water crosses capillary beds by: facilitated diffusion. transcytosis. diffusion. filtration.
Water crosses capillary beds by: facilitated diffusion. transcytosis. diffusion. *filtration.*
What force draws water back into the capillary bed? atmospheric pressure hydrostatic pressure allostatic pressure osmotic pressure
What force draws water back into the capillary bed? atmospheric pressure hydrostatic pressure allostatic pressure *osmotic pressure*
What happens to blood pressure after exercise? fluctuates until it equalizes drops dramatically decreases increases
What happens to blood pressure after exercise? fluctuates until it equalizes drops dramatically decreases *increases*
What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure? antidiuretic hormone (ADH) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) angiotensin-II aldosterone
What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure? antidiuretic hormone (ADH) *atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)* angiotensin-II aldosterone
A cerebrovascular accident (CVA, or stroke) can occur due to a blockage in the: occipital artery. facial artery. basilar artery. axillary artery.
A cerebrovascular accident (CVA, or stroke) can occur due to a blockage in the: occipital artery. facial artery. *basilar artery.* axillary artery.
Archie took several deep breaths of air. By breathing deeply, what mechanism did he assist to return blood to his heart? respiratory pump mean arterial pressure (MAP) Korotkoff sounds skeletal muscle pump
Archie took several deep breaths of air. By breathing deeply, what mechanism did he assist to return blood to his heart? *respiratory pump* mean arterial pressure (MAP) Korotkoff sounds skeletal muscle pump
Arteries in the systemic circuit carry oxygenated blood while arteries in the pulmonary circuit transport deoxygenated blood. True False
Arteries in the systemic circuit carry oxygenated blood while arteries in the pulmonary circuit transport deoxygenated blood. *True* False
Calculate the Net Filtration Pressure if the Hydrostatic pressure is 40 mm Hg and the Colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg. - 15 mm Hg 15 mm Hg 25 mm Hg 65 mm Hg
Calculate the Net Filtration Pressure if the Hydrostatic pressure is 40 mm Hg and the Colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg. - 15 mm Hg *15 mm Hg* 25 mm Hg 65 mm Hg *H-C*
Central chemoreceptors detect a decrease in pH in interstitial fluids in the brain. What is the response of the medulla to maintain delivery of oxygen to cells? -A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases parasympathetic activity which results in vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure. -A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases parasympathetic activity which results in vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. -A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly decreases sympathetic activity which results in vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. -A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases sympathetic activity which results in vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure.
Central chemoreceptors detect a decrease in pH in interstitial fluids in the brain. What is the response of the medulla to maintain delivery of oxygen to cells? -A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases parasympathetic activity which results in vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure. -A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases parasympathetic activity which results in vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. -A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly decreases sympathetic activity which results in vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. *-A feedback loop is initiated that indirectly increases sympathetic activity which results in vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure.*
Compared to veins, arteries have __________. more valves lower pressure larger lumen thicker tunica media
Compared to veins, arteries have __________. more valves lower pressure larger lumen *thicker tunica media*
What name does the femoral artery take as it emerges in the posterior thigh? anterior tibial artery popliteal artery posterior tibial artery dorsalis pedis artery
What name does the femoral artery take as it emerges in the posterior thigh? anterior tibial artery *popliteal artery* posterior tibial artery dorsalis pedis artery
What two values are needed to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)? -heart rate and peripheral resistance -stroke volume and cardiac output -blood vessel length and blood vessel radius -diastolic pressure and systolic pressure
What two values are needed to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)? -heart rate and peripheral resistance -stroke volume and cardiac output -blood vessel length and blood vessel radius *-diastolic pressure and systolic pressure*
What two values are needed to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)? heart rate and peripheral resistance stroke volume and cardiac output blood vessel length and blood vessel radius diastolic pressure and systolic pressure
What two values are needed to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP)? heart rate and peripheral resistance stroke volume and cardiac output blood vessel length and blood vessel radius *diastolic pressure and systolic pressure*
What type of capillaries have large pores within their endothelial cells and are the leakiest? fenestrated capillaries continuous capillaries sinusoidal capillaries closed capillaries
What type of capillaries have large pores within their endothelial cells and are the leakiest? fenestrated capillaries continuous capillaries *sinusoidal capillaries* closed capillaries
What type of vessel is built to handle the highest pressure of any vessel in the cardiovascular system? arteriole metarteriole elastic artery muscular artery
What type of vessel is built to handle the highest pressure of any vessel in the cardiovascular system? arteriole metarteriole *elastic artery* muscular artery
What vessels typically carry blood away from the heart? arteries venules veins capillaries
What vessels typically carry blood away from the heart? *arteries* venules veins capillaries
What vessels typically carry blood away from the heart? venules capillaries veins arteries
What vessels typically carry blood away from the heart? venules capillaries veins *arteries*
Which artery supplies the small intestine with blood? inferior mesenteric artery middle mesenteric artery superior mesenteric artery hepatic artery
Which artery supplies the small intestine with blood? inferior mesenteric artery middle mesenteric artery *superior mesenteric artery* hepatic artery
Which blood vessel branches from the brachial artery? maxillary artery vertebral artery radial artery lingual artery
Which blood vessel branches from the brachial artery? maxillary artery vertebral artery *radial artery* lingual artery
Which blood vessels experience the sharpest decrease in blood pressure? systemic veins systemic arterioles systemic capillary beds systemic venules
Which blood vessels experience the sharpest decrease in blood pressure? systemic veins *systemic arterioles* systemic capillary beds systemic venules
Which blood vessels experience the sharpest decrease in blood pressure? systemic capillary beds systemic venules systemic veins systemic arterioles
Which blood vessels experience the sharpest decrease in blood pressure? systemic capillary beds systemic venules systemic veins *systemic arterioles*
Which blood vessels handle the highest blood pressure? pulmonary arteries pulmonary veins systemic arteries systemic veins
Which blood vessels handle the highest blood pressure? pulmonary arteries pulmonary veins *systemic arteries* systemic veins
Which blood vessels handle the highest blood pressure? pulmonary arteries pulmonary veins systemic arteries systemic veins
Which blood vessels handle the highest blood pressure? pulmonary arteries pulmonary veins *systemic arteries* systemic veins
Which capillary would be least likely to allow substances to enter or exit the blood due to tight junctions that join the endothelial cells? continuous capillaries sinusoidal capillaries closed capillaries fenestrated capillaries
Which capillary would be least likely to allow substances to enter or exit the blood due to tight junctions that join the endothelial cells? *continuous capillaries* sinusoidal capillaries closed capillaries fenestrated capillaries
Which capillary would be least likely to allow substances to enter or exit the blood due to tight junctions that join the endothelial cells? sinusoidal capillaries fenestrated capillaries continuous capillaries closed capillaries
Which capillary would be least likely to allow substances to enter or exit the blood due to tight junctions that join the endothelial cells? sinusoidal capillaries fenestrated capillaries *continuous capillaries* closed capillaries
Which circuit has the greatest resistance? pulmonary circuit hepatic circuit venous circuit systemic circuit
Which circuit has the greatest resistance? pulmonary circuit hepatic circuit venous circuit *systemic circuit*
Which of the following arteries has the smallest diameter? elastic artery arteriole muscular artery metarteriole
Which of the following arteries has the smallest diameter? elastic artery arteriole muscular artery *metarteriole*
Which of the following connects vessels through vascular anastomoses? collaterals postcapillary venules capillary beds precapillary sphincters
Which of the following connects vessels through vascular anastomoses? *collaterals* postcapillary venules capillary beds precapillary sphincters
Which of the following describes an anastomosis? -vessels supplying the tunica media and tunica external of blood vessels -a special type of circuit in which veins feed a capillary bed -smallest arterioles which directly feed capillary beds -an artery empties directly into a vein without passing through a capillary bed
Which of the following describes an anastomosis? -vessels supplying the tunica media and tunica external of blood vessels -a special type of circuit in which veins feed a capillary bed -smallest arterioles which directly feed capillary beds *-an artery empties directly into a vein without passing through a capillary bed*
Which of the following hormones decreases heart rate, and thus cardiac output and blood pressure? epinephrine angiotensin-II acetylcholine norepinephrine
Which of the following hormones decreases heart rate, and thus cardiac output and blood pressure? epinephrine angiotensin-II *acetylcholine* norepinephrine
Which of the following is NOT an artery that branches off the aortic arch? left common carotid artery right subclavian artery left subclavian artery brachiocephalic artery
Which of the following is NOT an artery that branches off the aortic arch? left common carotid artery *right subclavian artery* left subclavian artery brachiocephalic artery
Which of the following represents the systemic flow of most blood? arteriole, artery, capillary bed, venule, vein artery, arteriole, capillary bed, vein, venule arteriole, artery, capillary bed, vein, venule artery, arteriole, capillary bed, venule, vein
Which of the following represents the systemic flow of most blood? arteriole, artery, capillary bed, venule, vein artery, arteriole, capillary bed, vein, venule arteriole, artery, capillary bed, vein, venule *artery, arteriole, capillary bed, venule, vein*
Which of the following situations creates edema? -a negative net filtration pressure (NFP) -an increase in the colloid osmotic pressure -an increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient -a decrease in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient
Which of the following situations creates edema? -a negative net filtration pressure (NFP) -an increase in the colloid osmotic pressure *-an increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient* -a decrease in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient
Which of the following statements about capillaries is INCORRECT? -There are a lot of capillaries in the body. -A capillary has a small cross-sectional area. -Capillaries have a large total cross-sectional area. -The velocity of blood flow increases as blood flows into capillaries.
Which of the following statements about capillaries is INCORRECT? -There are a lot of capillaries in the body. -A capillary has a small cross-sectional area. -Capillaries have a large total cross-sectional area. *-The velocity of blood flow increases as blood flows into capillaries.*
Which of the following stimuli is detected by a chemoreceptor? vasodilation of arterioles decreased blood oxygen concentration stretch in the walls of arteries increased blood pressure
Which of the following stimuli is detected by a chemoreceptor? vasodilation of arterioles *decreased blood oxygen concentration* stretch in the walls of arteries increased blood pressure
Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure? elastic arteries inferior vena cava aorta capillary beds
Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure? elastic arteries *inferior vena cava* aorta capillary beds
Which of the following vessels will have the lowest blood pressure? vein artery venule arteriole
Which of the following vessels will have the lowest blood pressure? *vein* artery venule arteriole
Which of these changes will result in increased blood pressure? decreased blood viscosity increased blood volume decrease cardiac output increased vessel radius
Which of these changes will result in increased blood pressure? decreased blood viscosity *increased blood volume* decrease cardiac output increased vessel radius
Which organ(s) regulate blood volume by altering the amount of fluid released in urine? liver spleen pancreas kidneys
Which organ(s) regulate blood volume by altering the amount of fluid released in urine? liver spleen pancreas *kidneys*
Which pressure is created by the presence of large proteins in the blood, such as albumin? hydrostatic pressure interstitial fluid osmotic pressure colloid osmotic pressure interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
Which pressure is created by the presence of large proteins in the blood, such as albumin? hydrostatic pressure interstitial fluid osmotic pressure *colloid osmotic pressure* interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
Which pressure remains the same along the length of the capillary? colloid osmotic pressure interstitial fluid osmotic pressure interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure capillary hydrostatic pressure
Which pressure remains the same along the length of the capillary? *colloid osmotic pressure* interstitial fluid osmotic pressure interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure capillary hydrostatic pressure
Which vessels are the most compliant? systemic veins systemic arteries systemic arterioles systemic metarterioles
Which vessels are the most compliant? *systemic veins* systemic arteries systemic arterioles systemic metarterioles
Which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body? muscular arteries metarterioles veins arterioles
Which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body? muscular arteries metarterioles *veins* arterioles
Which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body? veins muscular arteries arterioles metarterioles
Which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body? *veins* muscular arteries arterioles metarterioles
Which vessels vasoconstrict in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine? capillaries venules systemic arterioles coronary arterioles
Which vessels vasoconstrict in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine? capillaries venules *systemic arterioles* coronary arterioles
