Chap 6 gov

western and southern farmers and mining interest sought an alliance w workers in the east and midwest

"recapturing America from the foreign moneyed interests responsible for industrialization. The crisis of industrialization squarely placed an agrarian-fundamentalist view of life against an industrial-progressive view"

as early as the 1820s, critics were making charges of

"secret deals" about caucuses

progressive era

-first two decades of the 20th century, produced a wave of political reform led by the progressive wing of the rep party -Much of the progressives focused on the corrupt political parties -civil service reforms shifted some of the patronage out of the hands of party officials -the direct primary election took control of nominations from party leaders and gave it to the rank and file

in europe, minor parties can gain concessions

-positons in a cabinet or support of policies they want implemented- in return for joining a coalition

List of identification

-strong dem/rep -weak dem/rep -independent leading dem/rep -pure independent

What wins voters iver

-who attracts voters attention -who strikes themes that motivate voters to participate -who communicates better w voters

Caucus

A meeting of local party members to choose party officials or candidates for public office and to decide the platform

Party convention

A meeting of party delegates to vote on matters of policy and in some cases to select party candidates for public office

Party identification

An affiliation w a political party that most people acquire in childhood. The best predictor of voting behavior in partisan candidate election

America is more ________ centered

Candidate

Iowa uses

Caucuses

Patronage has decreased dramatically because of

Civil service reforms

Reasons for parties

Common beliefs Better organization (platform) Election funding Establishing campaign trail

Groups of voters change their usually pattern of party loyalty

Critical election

Realigning elections aka

Critical elections

Open primaries allow

Crossover voting

Party registration

Declaring party affiliation w the state

DCCC

Dem congressional campaign committee

DSCC

Dem senatorial campaign committtee

DNC

Democratic National Committee

As a result of changes made to the democratic party's nominating system

Democratic candidates win delegates in proportion to the votes they receive in the primary election

First republican party

Democratic republicans(antifederalists) Democrat party

Parties help bridge the

Desperation of powers and coordinate the different levels of gov in a federal system

Political parties dont

Dictate policies

Party in the electorate focuses on

Party identification among voters

Candidate activist

Party is meant to elect the candidate Promote a candidate

Last 4 decades Americans have no

Party preference when voting (electoral volability)

Party regulars

Place their party first

In the last few decades of the 20th century, the hold of the major political parties in the electorate was weakened by all of the following except

The increased important of the national nominating conventions

Judges do not sit together by party because

The judicial branch operates in a nonpartisan manner

Party machines didn't rely on

The merit principle when hiring employees

All of the following are indications of how pervasive the two party system in the us gov except

The need for the electoral college

Honeymoon

The period at the beginning of a new president's term during which the president enjoys generally positive relations w the press and congress, usually lasting about 6 months

The view that parties are essential to democracy runs counter to

a long standing and deeply seated distrust of parties

the caucus was not representative of people from

areas where a party was in a minority or nonexistent, as only officeholders took part in it

although political parties have changed overtime, they remain important in three different settings

as institutions, in gov, and in the elctorate

patronage provides an incentive for people to

become engaged in politics and gives party leaders and elected politicians loyal partisans in key positions to help them achieve their policies

minor parties built around an ideology usually persist over a longer time than those

built around a particular leader

our two party system tends to creat

centrist parties that appeal to moderate elements and suppress the views of extremists in the electorate

in some states, local caucuses

choose delegates to attend regional meetings which in turn select delegates to state and national conventions where they nominate party candidates for offices

parties are both a

consequence and instrument of democracy

the views that parties are essential to democracy runs counter to a long standing and deeply seated

district of parties

early success in enacting policy

prolong the honeymoon

crossover voting

republicans and ideoendents helping determine who the democratic nominee will be and vice versa

1913 17th amendment

right to choose senators through popular vote

mistakes and conspiracies

shorten the honeymoon

honeymoons have grown

shorter

political parties in the US are important when it comes to organizing

state and national govs

to draw more voters and reduce the power of the bosses,

states adopted the direct primary therefore delegates had little freedom to change their votes during the convention

the european model of party gov (responsible party system) assumes

that parties discipline their members through their control over nominations and campaigns

Between 1929 and 1932

the Gross national product fell more than 10% per year, and unemployment rose from 1.5 million to more than 12 Million, w millions more working only part time

americans vote for more offices than

the citizens in any other democracy

congress is organized along party lines

the party w the most votes in each chamber elects the officers of that chamber selects committee chairs and has majority on all the committees

primaries vary significantly from state to state

-who may run in a primary and how he or she qualifies for the ballot -whether the party oragnization can or does endorse the candidate before the party -who may vote in a party's primary(open or closed) -how many votes are needed for nomination- the most votes ( plurality), more than 50% (majority), or some other number determined by party rule or state law

Obstacles to third parties

-winner take all rule -lack of funding from interest groups -inability to participate in the debate -inability of ballot access

andrew jackson v john quinc adams

1824 and 1828

Abraham Lincoln won presidency in

1860

Republican Party won every presidential race in the next 50 years after Lincoln except for

1884 and 1892 Grover Cleveland

Divided government vs United

2 :1

Independents have increased from

22% in the 1950s to 40% in 2010

Republican Party has encourgaed

A broader participation and improved their party structure and finances

National party convention

A national meeting of delegates elected in primaries, caucuses, or state conventions who assemble once every 4 years to nominate candidates for president and VP, ratify the party platform, elect officers, and adopt rules

Open primary

A primary election in which any voter, regardless of party, may vote

Closed primary

A primary election in which only persons registered in the party holding the primary may vote

Providing payments for supporting interest groups is not

A recognized function of a party

Minor party

A small political party that persists over time that is often composed of ideologies on the right or left, or centered on a charismatic candidate such a party is also called a third party

"New Deal for America was

A turning point in US politics

Ticket splitting

A voter chooses the presidential nominee of one major party but chooses congressional nominees of the other major party

Patronage

Aka spoils system Used mostly in 1800s Whoever wins helps who got them elected

Realigning election

An election during periods of expanded suffrage and change in the economy and society that proves to be a turning point, redefining the agenda of politics and the alignment of voters within parties

Nonpartisan election

An election in which candidates are not selected or endorsed by political parties and party affiliation is not listed on ballots

Direct primary

An election in which voters choose party nominees

Proportional representation

An election system in which each party running receives the proportion of legislative seats corresponding to its proportion of the vote

Winner take all system

An election system in which the candidate w the most votes win

Political party

An organization that seeks political power by electing people to office so ghat its positions and philosophy become public policy

1828 election

Andrew Jackson defeats Adams in his attempt for reelection 2 party system was formed

Issue activists

Attempt to push a party in a certain direction on one or a few issues

Bipartisan reform act (BCRA)

Banned or regulated soft money in 2002

"Infinite mutual abuse of parties tearing to pieces the best of characters"

Ben franklin

"The political parties created democracy and modern democracy is unthinkable save in terms of the parties"

EE Schattschnieder

"the political parties created democracy, and modern democracy is unthinkable save in terms of the parties"

EE Schattschnieder

National chair

Elected by the committee, choice of presidential nominee

A two party system differs from a multiparty system in that it

Encourages moderation in policy making and discourages change

Realigning elections in history

Every 32 years 1824, 1860, 1896, 1932

Platform

Every four years the political parties draft a doc stating the policy position of the party. This party platform details general party wide issue stances. The process sometimes engenders disputes among fellow partisans but is rarely an election issue and often is written to avoid controversy

The founding fathers saw political parties as

Factions motivated by ambition and self interest

Alexander hamilton

Federalist Washingtons treasury secretary

New Deal altered relationships w gov and society

Gov jobs Gov expenditures stimulated economic growth

Divided gov

Government divided between the parties as when one holds the presidency and the other controls one or both houses of congress

Republicans and Democrats greatly divided on

Govs role in the economy and enlarging the scope of the gov

1932 election

Great Depression FDR beat Hoover

In the us the two party system

Has existed throughout the history of the US

Realignment is a major

Ideological and demographic shift within the party

National committee

In charge when the convention is out

Multiparty systems are usually found

In parliamentary govs

National party committees get most of their money today from

Individual donors

Strong republican era

Industrialization and capitalism

Both parties continue to

Initiate reforms

Andrew Jackson v john Quincy Adams 1824

Jackson(dem) won popular but failed to win delegates Runoff election in HOR

Judicial branch

Lifetime appointments designed to operate as nonpartisan

State govs are organized

Like the national but must adhere to individual state laws

Pure independent

Low level of interest and awareness Less likely to vote

Southern parties were once

Loyal to democrats but now are loyal to republicans

National party convention

Meets every 4 years for 4 days

Soft money

Money raised in unlimited amounts by political parties for party building purposes. Now largely illegal except for limited contributions to state or local parties for voter registration and get out the vote efforts

The party out of power

Monitors and comments on the party in power providing accountability

National convention delegates compared to their party members tend to be

More liberal or more conservative

The ___[____[__ manages the day to day work of the part

National chairperson

The event in which the parties formally nominate their candidates for the presidency

National convention

NRSC

National rep senatorial committee

NRCC

National republican campaign committee

Party commitments and campaign contributors (bundles) for executive branch

Often become ambassadors

United gov

One party controls both the legislative and executive branches

Party functions

Organize the competition Unify the electorate Organize the gov Make policy Provide loyal opposition

Appointment process for judges has always been

Partisan Marbury v Madison

____________ has led to ticket splitting in the recent elections

Partisan dealignment

Most declared independent voters are actually

Partisan in their voting patterns

________ can unify the two chambers of the legislative branch

Partisanship

Legislative branch

Partisanship, loyalty to the party chairs on committees determined by majority party

Hard money

Political contributions given to a party, candidate, or interest group that are limited in amount and fully disclosed. Raising such limited funds was harder than raising unlimited soft money, hence the term hard money

County committees

Recruit candidates for county admissioner, sheriff, and treasurer

Federal election Committee

Regulating money agency for elections

National Republican Party

Republican Party (antislavery) GOP

RNC

Republican national committee

European democracies are sometimes called

Responsible party system

Party platform

Spells out the most important values and principles which the party is based on

Party independent expenditures

Spending by political party committees that is independent of the candidates. The spending occurs in relatively few competitive contests and if often substantial

Party registration

The act of declaring party affiliation; required by some states when one registers to vote

Patronage

The dispensing of gov jobs to persons who belong to the winning political party

The party now known as the Democratic Party was originally led by

Thomas Jefferson

"If I could not go to heaven but with a party I would not go at all"

Thomas jefferson

Soft money 2016

Total of $5400 ($2700 for primary campaign and $2700 for general elections)

Partisan realignment of 1932

Unified democratic control of both the presidency and the congress

FDR new deal became the basis for

Using gov expenditures to stimulate the economic growth

Strong dem/rep

Very informed Very partisan Most predictable in voting behavior

1968 Democratic Party placed emphasis on

Voter involvement in primaries-stressing diversity in delegates

Crossover voting

Voting by a member of one party for a candidate of another party

"Baneful effects of the spirit of the party"

Washington

Thomas Jefferson

Washingtons sectetary of state Original republican (Dem)

Partisan preferences are ______\__ and there's is a rise in the number of independents

Weakening

Dealignment

Weakening of partisan preferences that point to a rejection of both major parties and a rise in the number of independents

________ were least likely to join the new deal coalition

Wealthy voters

Executive branch surrounds themselves w like minds

White House staff Cabinet members Advisors High level federal workforce Party commitment and campaign contributeds

1896 election

William Jennings Bryan (D) vs. William McKinley (R) McKinley was 25th pres

andrew jackson was aided by Martin Van Buren

a dem verteran party builder in NY, who brought together a winning combination of regions, interest groups, and political doctrines to win in 1828 The whigs (liberals) succeeded the federalists

jefferson opposed the

federalist

1840 the Whigs put _______________ into the white house

general william henry harrison (old Tippecanoe)

new deal provided

gov jobs for the unemployed and used gov expenditures to stimulate economic growth

parliamentary systems usually have a

head of state (aka president) and a head of gov(aka prime minister or chancellor)

the length of the honeymoon depends on

how close the vote in the election was, how contentious the agenda of the new admin is, and on the leadership skills of the new pres

1896 realignment did not change hands,

in that sense it was a converting realignment bc it reinforced the Rep. majority staus that had been in place since 1860

the multipart system favors the existence of minor parties by giving them

incentives to preserve and disproportionate power if they will help form a gov

partisanship is not relevant to being a good

judge, mayor, school board member

head of gov PM Chancellor

leader of one of the large parties in the legislature

economic changes, including industrialization and hard times for farmers,

led to changes in the Rep party in the late 1800s 1896

not all elections allow candidates to identify their party

most local and judicial elections are nonpartisan elections, which gives parties little opportunity to influence the outcome

state legislatures except nebraska are

organized along party lines

political parties play an important role in

organizing elections, simplifying choices for voters, and helping elect peoplle who will help their party's positions and philosophy become public policy

when national security is an issue or the country is under attack,

parties restrain their criticism

the party that controls the hite house, the governors mansion, or city hall gets

patronage

the caucus played an important part in

the pre revolutionary politics and continued to be impostant in our early history as elected offivials organized themseleves into groups or parties and together selected candidates to run for higher office, including the presidency

in most states candidates can get their name on the ballot as an independent or minor party candidate by securing

the required amount of signatures on a nomination petition

the overriding concern of jefferson and some others that despised Hamilton were

the success of the new gov and personal loyalty to Washington

US politicians are nominated largely on the basis of

their qualifications and personal appeal, not party loyalty

parties are often accused of creating conflict, but

they actually help to unify the electorate and moderate conflict, at least within the party

many cities during the progressive era instituted nonpartisan govs

totally eliminating the role of the party

one of the greatest strengths of our democracy is that even the party that wins an election

usually has to moderate what it does to win reelection

the mixed caucus

was an effort to make the caucus more represenataive of rank and file party members. It brought in delegates from districts in which the party had no elected legislators

the us has a single member district, a winner take all system,

where only the candidate with the most votes in a district or state takes office.

parties primarily exist as an organizing mechanism to

win elections and thus win control of the gov

primaries spread rapidly after __________ adopted them in 1905

wisconsin

1920 19th amendment

women won right to vote