"Chapter 06 - Water and Minerals"

Children sometimes get mottled tooth enamel because they ingest more fluoride than is recommended while their teeth are forming. What causes this? A) Fluoridated toothpaste B) Fluoride supplements C) Drinking water D) Fluoride in foods

A

The class is discussing the various elements that are essential for life. Water is a vital element for the human body. What is one of its functions? A) Serves as a solvent for vitamins and glucose B) Prepares nutrients for transportation to cells C) Makes cell walls without shape and structure D) Provides energy

A

The health class asks the nurse what mineral is the most abundant in the body. What would the correct response be? A) Calcium B) Phosphorus C) Magnesium D) Iron

A

The nurse is admitting a client onto the unit with a diagnosis of manganese toxicity. What symptoms would be expected in this client? A) Tremors B) Flexibility C) Unaltered gait D) Tetany

A

The nurse is teaching a nutrition class at the local high school. The subject for today is calcium. What is a good source of dietary calcium to teach the class? A) Fortified orange juice B) Organ meats C) Egg yolks D) Potatoes

A

When properly preparing food, the client must be cognizant that vitamins and minerals differ in that minerals are what? A) Not destroyed by heat and light B) Are destroyed by heat and light C) Released from foods only by cooking D) Need to be supplemented in the diet because they are destroyed by cooking

A

A client has been told to monitor his sodium intake. What is the Upper Limit (UL) set for adults for sodium Adequate Intake (AI)? A) 1700 mg B) 2300 mg C) 2500 mg D) 3000 mg

B

Many people throughout the world are practicing vegetarians. Their diet is rich in fruits and vegetables so it is also likely to be rich in which mineral? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Iron D) Iodine

B

Normally about 60% of natural phosphorus from food sources is absorbed, but absorption of phosphorus from food preservatives (e.g., phosphoric acid) is almost 100%. Phosphorus deficiency is not a problem in the United States because of what? A) Phosphorus is added to foods because there are few good natural sources. B) Phosphorus is pervasive in the food supply. C) Phosphorus is found only in animal products. D) Phosphorus is found only in plant products.

B

The client is being evaluated for dehydration. The nurse is aware that several conditions increase the loss of fluid from the body. What is one of the conditions that might increase the fluid loss? A) Thirst B) Strenuous exercise C) Congestive heart failure D) Controlled diabetes

B

The nurse is assessing a new client who is being admitted due to possible mineral toxicities. Mineral toxicities can occur for various reasons. Which of the following is one of those reasons? A) Unbalanced choice of foods B) Excessive use of mineral supplements C) Normal body metabolism D) Home-processed foods

B

The nurse is caring for a client with a severe protein deficiency. What other deficiency would the nurse expect to find in this client? A) Selenium B) Sulfur C) Chromium D) Molybdenum

B

The nurse is conducting client education with a group of clients newly diagnosed with hypertension. While discussing sodium and its actions in the body, the nurse teaches that a healthy body maintains sodium balance by adjusting the amount of sodium in what manner? A) Absorbed B) Excreted in the urine C) Excreted in the feces D) Deposited on bones

B

The nurse is teaching the high school health class the benefit of drinking milk because it is known that a chronically low intake of calcium can do what? A) Cause low blood calcium levels B) Compromise bone integrity C) Cause tetany D) Impair protein synthesis

B

The nutrition class is discussing how some nutrients are necessary for various chemical substances in the body. What is an essential component of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)? A) Iron B) Iodine C) Zinc D) Selenium

B

Trace minerals in the body, although small in quantity, play large roles in its functioning. Trace minerals have been hard to study because of what factor? A) Food composition data are not necessary for all trace minerals. B) Bioavailability varies within the context of the total diet. C) The comparability of trace mineral content of foods is high. D) Reliable and valid indicators of trace element status are readily available.

B

While discussing the various chemical properties of nutrients in the body, the class discusses the differences between anions and cations. What mineral is the major anion in the extracellular fluid? A) Calcium B) Chloride C) Chromium D) Choline

B

The nurse is admitting a healthy 35-year-old woman to the outpatient surgery department for the removal of a plantar wart. She consumes approximately 2000 cal/day. What is her recommended intake of water? A) 1000 mL of fluid per day B) 1500 mL of fluid per day C) 2000 mL of fluid per day D) 2500 mL of fluid per day

C

The nurse is aware that the production of pale yellow urine is assumed to be a reliable indicator of adequate fluid intake. However, in some populations the sensation of thirst comes after significant fluid loss. In which population is this a factor? A) Teenagers B) Middle-aged adults C) The elderly D) The obese

C

The nurse is teaching a high school health class, and the subject for today is calcium. What would the nurse teach the students to eat to promote the absorption of calcium? A) Protein B) Fiber C) Lactose D) Fat

C

The nutrition class is learning about minerals. What is a characteristic of minerals that the class should know? A) Minerals are easily destroyed by light, air, heat, and acids. B) Minerals are digested primarily in the small intestine. C) Minerals originate from the earth's crust. D) Minerals are broken down and rearranged during metabolism.

C

The nutrition class is learning that maintaining homeostasis is a function of the body. Which statement is true regarding homeostasis and minerals? A) For some minerals, the body maintains homeostasis by altering the mineral absorbed. B) For some minerals, the body maintains homeostasis by altering the mineral excreted. C) For some minerals, the body maintains homeostasis by releasing minerals from storage for redistribution. D) For some minerals, the body maintains homeostasis by using one mineral in place of another.

C

While discussing nutrition with the group of clients, the nurse explains that some vitamins and minerals work together. What trace element is an essential component of vitamin B12? A) Nickel B) Selenium C) Cobalt D) Molybdenum

C

Antioxidants disarm free radicals produced during normal oxygen metabolism. Which mineral is a component of an enzyme that acts as an antioxidant? A) Iron B) Iodine C) Zinc D) Selenium

D

Bottled water is high on the list of purchases made by American consumers. The nurse is aware that children who drink bottled water might need what? A) Chlorine supplement B) Magnesium supplement C) Iron supplement D) Fluoride supplement

D

Copper is used by the body in hemoglobin synthesis, collagen formation, wound healing, and maintenance of nerve fibers. What mineral has the potential to cause a deficiency of copper in the body? A) Iron B) Chromium C) Molybdenum D) Zinc

D

Sodium is a necessary nutrient and the major extracellular cation in the body. What is one of its functions? A) Cardiac stability B) Muscular stability C) Immune system functioning D) Nerve impulse transmission

D

The nurse is aware that magnesium deficiency is a potential nutritional problem in the United States. What is the cause of this potential problem? A) Low intake of milk and dairy products B) Not eating enough citrus fruits in our diet C) Not drinking enough enriched orange juice D) The use of refined grains over whole grains

D

Water is vital to the human body and needs to be consumed daily. As vital as water is, most people get most of their fluid intake by ingesting other beverages. What value might the other beverages have? A) They are more beneficial to the body than water. B) They are complete sources of fluids for the body. C) They provide no beneficial caloric intake to the body. D) They may provide phytochemicals to the body.

D

While teaching a nutrition class, the nurse discusses the largest source of sodium in the typical American diet. What is it? A) Salt added during cooking B) Salt added at the table C) Foods naturally high in salt D) Processed foods

D