Chapter 11: Personality

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development, in which an individual assesses and makes sense of her life and the meaning of her contributions? A. autonomy vs. shame/doubt B. generativity vs. stagnation C. identity vs. confusion D. integrity vs. despair

D. integrity vs. despair reflection

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? A. reaction formation B. regression C. repression D. sublimation

B. regression returning to coping strategies for less mature lessons

The ________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual's clinical profile. A. Contemporized-Themes Concerning Blacks Test (C-TCB) B. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) C. Rorschach Inkblot Test D. TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test

B. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

The ________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles. A. Julian Rotter B. Rorschach C. TAT D. TEMAS

B. Rorschach

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of a family? A. generativity vs. stagnation B. initiative vs. guilt C. intimacy vs. isolation D. trust vs. mistrust

A. generativity vs. stagnation give back reflect: integrity vs despair

Dr. Grimes conducts a ________ by requesting that his patient respond to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires. A. projective test B. psychoanalysis C. self-report inventory D. trait analysis

A. projective test This kind of test relies on one of the defense mechanisms proposed by Freud—projection—as a way to assess unconscious processes. During this type of testing, a series of ambiguous cards is shown to the person being tested, who then is encouraged to project his feelings, impulses, and desires onto the cards—by telling a story, interpreting an image, or completing a sentence

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify? A. archetype B. collective unconscious C. Freudian slip D. repressed memory

C. Freudian slip Freud suggested that slips of the tongue are actually sexual or aggressive urges, accidentally slipping out of our unconscious. Speech errors such as this are quite common.

Cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned: ________. A. archetypes and personas B. beliefs and expectations C. defense mechanisms and coping strategies D. myths, legends, and stories

B. beliefs and expectations

1. A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes. A. congruent; incongruent B. external; internal C. internal; external D. real; ideal

B. external; internal

Eli seeks attention, acts first while thinking later, and prefers verbal communication. Carl Jung would describe him as a(an) ________. A. archetype B. extrovert C. introvert D. neurotic

B. extrovert energized by being outgoing and socially oriented: You derive your energy from being around others.

In the ________ stage, there is a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. The young person redirects these urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other-sex parent). A. anal B. genital C. oral D. phallic

B. genital

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive. A. ego B. id C. superego D. unconscious

B. id the id contains our most primitive drives or urges

The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________. A. Five Factor Model B. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) C. TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test D. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A. Five Factor Model OCEAN

Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max? A. Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview. B. Max has an Oedipus complex. C. Max is an archetype. D. Max is an introvert.

A. Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview.

If parents are too lenient in the ________ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts. A. anal B. genital C. oral D. phallic

A. anal messy, careless

Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified? A. archetype B. id C. persona D. unconscious anxiety

A. archetype are represented by universal themes in various cultures, as expressed through literature, art, and dreams (Jung). Jung said that these themes reflect common experiences of people the world over, such as facing death, becoming independent, and striving for mastery. Jung (1964) believed that through biology, each person is handed down the same themes and that the same types of symbols—such as the hero, the maiden, the sage, and the trickster

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's second stage of psychosexual development, in which a sense of independence in many tasks develops? A. autonomy vs. shame/doubt B. industry vs. inferiority C. integrity vs. despair D. trust vs. mistrust

A. autonomy vs. shame/doubt ability to make decisions

Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could ________ if used rigidly and compulsively. A. become neurotic strategies B. lose their effectiveness C. result in a complete mental breakdown D. result in obsessive-compulsive behavior

A. become neurotic strategies moving toward people moving against people moving away from people

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? A. denial B. displacement C. rationalization D. rejection

A. denial refusing accept real events because they are unplesent

Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________. A. extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability B. extroversion/stability; introversion/neuroticism C. phlegmatic/choleric; sanguine/melancholic D. phlegmatic/melancholic; choleric/sanguine

A. extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports? A. anal B. genital C. latency D. phallic

C. latency not considered a stage, because sexual feelings are dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports. Children generally engage in activities with peers of the same sex, which serves to consolidate a child's gender-role identity

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development. A. anal B. genital C. oral D. phallic

C. oral pleasure of the mouth

In Carl Jung's view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of ________ in the second half of life. A. affirming the sexual identity B. resolving the Electra complex C. seeking positive attention D. the self-realization process

D. the self-realization process the task of integrating these unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of the selfrealization process in the second half of life. With this orientation toward self-realization, Jung parted ways with Freud's belief that personality is determined solely by past events and anticipated the humanistic movement with its emphasis on self-actualization and orientation toward the future.

In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament? A. black bile from the kidneys B. red blood from the heart C. white mucous from the lungs D. yellow bile from the liver

D. yellow bile from the liver choleric (grumpy) Hippocrates theorized that personality traits and human behaviors are based on four separate temperaments associated with four fluids ("humors") of the body: choleric temperament (yellow bile from the liver)