Chapter 15&16 Review
the pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is
ACTH
when a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes..
ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed
all of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they
are produced by then adrenal medulla
where do the special sense originate?
at the sensory receptor
steroid hormones
bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells
the _____ is a region of dense bone that surrounds and protects the membranous labyrinth
bony labyrinth
TSH plays a key role in _____ of thyroid hormones
both production and release
parathyroid hormone does all of the following except
build up bone
growth hormones does all of the following except..
cause fat accumulation within adipocytes
the human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by
changing shape
the sensory neurons within the olfactory organ are stimulated by _____ in the air
chemicals
what structure changes the shape of the lends for far and near vision?
ciliary body
peptide hormones are
composed of amino acids
interference with the transfer of vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window is ______ deafness
conductive
_____ are photoreceptors that convey our ability to see color
cones
the ____ cover most of the exposed surface of the eye
conjunctiva
pupillary muscle groups are controlled by the ANS. Parasympathetic activation causes pupillary ______, and sympathetic activation causes ______
constriction; dilation
a sudden rise of room brightness would cause
contraction of the pupillary constrictor muscles
a ray of light entering the eye will encounter these structures in which order?
cornea- aqueous humor- lens- vitreous body- retina- choroid
the outer layer of the adrenal gland is the
cortex
_____ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues
hormones
a person suffering from _____ can see distant objects more clearly than those that are close
hyperopia
the most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the...
hypothalamus
the parathyroid glands produce a hormone that
increase the level of calcium ions in the blood
the pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is
insulin
the pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cell is
insulin
the beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce _____ which _____ blood sugar
insulin; lowers
the senses of equilibrium and hearing are provided by receptors of the
internal ear
define emmetropia
it is the term for normal vision
regulatory hormones that control secretion of anterior pituitary hormones are released by neurons at the ______ of the hypothalamus
median eminence
the inner portion of the adrenal gland is the
medulla
a person suffering from _____ can see objects that are close, but distant objects appear blurred
myopia
the function of gustatory receptors parallels that of
olfactory receptors
the hair cells of the cochlear duct are located in the
organ of Corti
the hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is
parathyroid hormone
which of the following is NOT one of the six primary taste sensations
peppery
a _____ is a basic unit or packet of light energy
photon
the visual receptors of the retina are called
photoreceptors
there are three different types of cones, each one sensitive to different light energies. these cones are designated
red, green, and blue
what is the function of the auditory tube?
to allow pressure equalization on both sides of the tympanic membrane
the external ear ends at the
tympanic membrane
the auditory ossicles connect the
tympanic membrane to the oval window
the taste sensation that is triggered by the amino acids and small peptides is known as
umami
which structure contain receptors sensitive to linear acceleration
utricle
the _____ convey(s) information about head position with respect to gravity
utricle and saccule
when all three cone populations are stimulated equally, we perceive
white
the pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is
FSH
the pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is
TSH
the link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually
a G protein
the ciliary muscle contracts to
adjust the shape of the lens for close vision
an activated G protein can trigger all of the following except
an increase ATP production
in which of the following cases would the focal distance be greater?
an object 10 inches away from your nose
increased levels of the hormone ______ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood
PTH
the functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the _____ system in many ways
endocrine
which of the following is mismatched?
endocrine communication- target cells are directly adjacent to each other
the hypothalamus is an important organ is both the _____ and _____ systems
endocrine; nervous
_____ fills the membranous labyrinth
endolymph
the formal term for the sense of gravity, rotation, and linear acceleration is the sense of
equilibrium
after a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex...
gene transcription is initiated
alpha cells are to _____ as beta cells are to _____
glucagon; insulin
visual pigments are derivatives of the compound
rhodopsin
_____ are photoreceptor cells that are most useful in dim light
rods
compare rods with cones
rods are active in dim light, and objects appear black and white. cones require intense light, and objects appear in color
gravity and linear acceleration are sensed in the
saccule and utricle
the hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by
secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system
cells can respond to _____ hormone(s) at a time
several
extracellular membrane receptors are used by all of the following types of hormones except
steroid hormones
receptors for all of the following hormones are found in the cell membranes of target cells except
steroid hormones
the _____ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney
suprarenal
perception of gravity and linear acceleration depends on
the force exerted by otoliths on hair cells of the maculae in the utricle or saccule
how do the semicircular canals and the semicircular ducts differ?
the semicircular canals are part of the bony labyrinth, and the canals surround the semicircular ducts, which are part of the membranous labyrinth
thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the
thyroid gland