Chapter 16
Pierre Bourdieu
Which sociologist studied how cultural capital helps an individual navigate their culture?
A type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission.
The concept hidden curriculum can be defined as:
tracking
When Ahmed is in 5th grade, he does poorly in math and science. His teachers recommend him for lower-level classes throughout middle school in all subjects, and he's not given the chance to excel elsewhere. This process is known as:
Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
Which court case set the precedent for access to education within the United States for students with disabilities?
Head Start Program
a federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status
tracking
a formalized sorting system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities
education
a social institution through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms
informal education
education that involves learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in a society
credentialism
the emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications
universal access
the equal ability of all people to participate in an education system
grade inflation
the idea that the achievement level associated with an A today is notably lower than the achievement level associated with A-level work a few decades ago
formal education
the learning of academic facts and concepts
social placement
the use of education to improve one's social standing
cultural transmission
the way people come to learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture
universal access
Jackson lives in rural Chile, and is the son of a poor farmer. The nearest school is 50 miles away, and he has no means to get there. What does the educational system in Jackson's country lack?
the learning of academic facts and concepts
The term formal education is defined by the text as:
classifying students based on academic merit or potential
The term sorting can be defined as:
Geographic distribution of male and female students
Which of the following does NOT account for the differences in the educational system from country to country?
social networks
Which of the following is NOT a manifest function of education?
Conflict theory
Which of the following sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities arising from differences in class, gender, race and ethnicity?
No Child Left Behind Act
an act that requires states to test students in prescribed grades, with the results of those tests determining eligibility to receive federal funding
sorting
classifying students based on academic merit or potential
cultural capital
cultural knowledge that serves (metaphorically) as currency to help one navigate a culture
hidden curriculum
the type of nonacademic knowledge that people learn through informal learning and cultural transmission