chapter 8: digestive system

palate: the bony anterior portion is the _____ palate the flexible posterior portion is the ______ palate

hard ; soft

bradypenia

having a slow digestive system

bile gets to the gallbladder by the ______ and ______ ducts

hepatic and cystic

Where are the parotid glands?

in front of the ears

the ________ hangs from the soft palate, where it is involved in speech production and the gag reflwx

uvula

projections along the small intestine called _________ make the absorption more efficient

villi

define the following combining forms: 1. an/o 2. append/o or appendic/o 3. bar/o

1. anus 2. appendix 3. weight

define the following combining forms: 1. chol/e 2. cholecyst/o 3. choledoch/o

1. bile, gall 2. gallbladder 3. common bile duct

define the following combining forms: 1. bucc/o 2. cec/o 3. cholangi/o

1. cheek 2. cecum 3. bile duct

pertaining to the.... 1. colon and rectum 2. gallbladder 3. teeth

1. colorectal 2. cystic 3. dental

what are the 3 main functions of this system?

1. digestion 2. absorption 3. elimination

define the following suffixes: 1. -pepsia 2. -phagia 3. -prandial

1. digestion 2. eat, swallow 3. pertaining to a meal

pertaining to the.... 1. duodenum 2. small intestine 3. esophagus

1. duodenal 2. enteric 3. esophageal

what are the 3 section of the small intestine and how long are they?

1. duodenum, 10-12 inches 2. jejunum, 8 feet 3. ileum, 12 feet

define the following combining forms: 1. esophag/o 2. gastr/o 3. gingiv/o

1. esophagus 2. stomach 3. gums

the stomach consists of what 3 parts?

1. fundus (upper) 2. body (main) 3. antrum (lower)

pertaining to the.... 1. stomach 2. stomach and intestines 3. gums

1. gastric 2. gastrointestinal (GI) 3. gingival

define the following combining forms: 1. inguin/o 2. mandibul/o 3. orth/o 4. ven/o

1. groin 2. mandible 3. straight 4. vein

pertaining to the.... 1. ileum 2. ileum and cecum 3. under the mandible

1. ileal 2. ileocecal 3. submandibular

pertaining to the.... 1. jejunum 2. lips 3. nose and stomach

1. jejunal 2. labial 3. nasogastric

define the following combining forms: 1. jejun/o 2. labi/o 2. lapar/o

1. jejunum 2. lip 3. abdomen

define the following combining forms: 1. or/o 2. palat/o 3. pancreat/o

1. mouth 2. palate 3. pancreas

pertaining to the.... 1. mouth 2. liver 3. under the tongue

1. oral 2. hepatic 3. hypoglossal

what are the 6 main organs?

1. oral cavity 2. pharynx 3. esophagus 4. stomach 5. small intestine 6. large intestine

pertaining to the.... 1. pancreas 2. around the teeth 3. pharynx

1. pancreatic 2. peridontal 3. pharyngeal

define the following suffixes: 1. -ous 2. -pexy 3. -plegia

1. pertaining to 2. surgical fixation 3. paralysis

define the following suffixes: 1. -eal 2. -ectomy 3. -ptosis

1. pertaining to 2. surgical removal 3. drooping

1. glossal and lingual both mean what? 2. What is sublingual?

1. pertaining to the tongue 2. under the tongue

define the following combining forms: 1. pharyng/o 2. polyp/o 3. proct/o

1. pharynx 2. polyp 3. anus and rectum

define the following combining forms: 1. diverticul/o 2. duoden/o 3. enter/o

1. pouch 2. duodenum 3. small intestine

define the following combining forms: 1. pylor/o 2. pyr/o 3. rect/o

1. pylorus 2. fire 3. rectum

pertaining to the.... 1. pylorus 2. rectum 3. sigmoid colon

1. pylorus 2. rectal 3. sigmoidal

define the following combining forms: 1. sialaden/o 2. sigmoid/o 3. carcin/o

1. salivary gland 2. sigmoid colon 3. cancer

define the following combining forms: 1. cutane/o 2. cyst/o 3. hem/o or hemat/o

1. skin 2. sac 3. blood

define the following suffixes: 1. -istry 2. -lithiasis 3. -orexia

1. specialty of 2. condition of stones 3. appetite

define the following suffixes: 1. -tripsy 2. -algia 3. -centesis

1. surgical crushing 2. pain 3. process of removing fluid

define the following prefixes: 1. per- 2. peri- 3. sub-

1. through 2. around 3. below

define the following combining forms: 1. gloss/o 2. hepat/o 3. ile/o

1. tongue 2. liver 3. ileum

define the following combining forms: 1. lingu/o 2. lith/o 3. odont/o

1. tongue 2. stone 3. tooth

define the following suffixes: 1. -emesis 2. -emetic 3. -iatric

1. vomit 2. pertaining to vomit 3. pertaining to medical treatment

1. emesis vs 2. hematemesis vs 3. hyperemesis

1. vomiting 2. vomiting blood 3. excessive vomiting

define the following combining forms: 1. cirrh/o 2. col/o or colon/o 3. dent/o

1. yellow 2. colon 3. tooth

How many deciduous (baby) teeth do we have?

20

the digestive system includes about _____ feet of muscular tube, called either the 1) gut, 2) ?, or 3) gastrointestinal tract.

30 ; alimentary canal

at around age 6, the baby teeth begin to be replaced by the ______ permanent teeth (how many)

32

the large intestine is ____ feet long. It beings at the ______ valve and ends at the _______

5 ; ileocecal ; anus

front or back teeth? bicuspids (premolars) and molars

back

front or back teeth? grind and crush food into finer pieces

back

where are the sublingual glands? submandibular?

both in the floor of the mouth

which region of the colon is this? ascending/transverse/descending/sigmoid colon travels down the left side of the abdomen

descending

the physical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller nutrient molecules

digestion

the expulsion of any food that is not digested or absorbed

elimination

bile assists in the breakdown of large fat molecules, also known as...

emulsification

the pancreas is also an _______ gland that produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood glucose levels

endocrine

the __________ is a flap that prevents swallowed food from entering the respiratory tract

epiglottis

the ________ carries food through the thoracic cavity and into the abdominal cavity, where it enters the stomach

esophagus

which quadrant of the abdomen is the liver in?

right upper

folds called _______ line the entire stomach

rugae

which glands produce saliva?

salivary

which region of the colon is this? ascending/transverse/descending/sigmoid colon curves in an S-shape to the midline of the body

sigmoid

the ____ ________ is the longest part of the gut tube and the major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients

small intestine

two muscular valves called __________ control the flow of food through the stomach

sphincters

pertaining to the.... 1. anus 2. cheeks 3. cheeks and lips

1. anal 2. buccal 3. buccolabial

define the following suffixes: 1. -osis 2. -ostomy 3. -otomy

1. abnormal condition 2. surgically create and opening 3. cutting into

name the 3 pairs of salivary glands

1. Parotid 2. Submandibular 3. Sublingual

1. dysorexia vs 2. dyspepsia vs 3. dysphagia

1. abnormal appetite, usually diminished 2. indigestion, upset stomach 3. having difficulty swallowing or eating

define the following prefixes: 1. dys- 2. anti- 3. retro-

1. abnormal, painful, difficult 2. against 3. backward

what shape is the stomach?

J

the process by which nutrients pass into the bloodstream

absorption

___________ organs are involved in the digestive process but are not part of the continuous gut tube

accessory

salivary glands, liver, and pancreas are all _________ organs. They produce substances needed for the chemical breakdown of food but are not part of the continuous gut tube

accessory

the salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder are connected to the gut by ducts, so they are considered __________ organs

accessory

saliva contains an enzyme called ________ that beings the breakdown of carbohydrates

amylase

the _____ ______ is the external opening of the digestive tract

anal sphincter

being unable to swallow or eat

aphagia

which region of the colon is this? ascending/transverse/descending/sigmoid colon extends upward on the right side of the abdomen

ascending

hematochezia

bright red blood in stool

eructation

burping of gas or stomach acid into the mouth ; belching

the ________ sphincter allows food to pass from the esophagus to the fundus

cardiac

the ______ are the lateral walls of the oral cavity and the _______ are the anterior opening

cheeks ; lips

difficult or infrequent defecation

constipation

all teeth consist of two main parts: the _______ lies above the gum line and the ______ lies below the gum line

crown and root

the bulk of the tooth is made of _______

dentin

front or back teeth? bite, tear, and cut food

front

front or back teeth? incisors and cuspids (canines)

front

the ________ is under the liver and stores bile

gallbladder

cholecystalgia

gallbladder pain

the digestive system is also called the _____________ system

gastrointestinal (GI)

yellow cast to the skin, mucous membranes, and whites of the eyes caused by the deposit of bile pigment

jaundice

the following are the functions of which organ? -processing absorbed nutrients -detoxifying harmful substances -producing bile

liver

passage of dark-colored, tarry stools due to digested blood

melena

Where does all of this take place? 1. teeth mechanically break up food 2. the tongue moves food and mixes it with saliva 3. saliva contains digestive enzymes and lubricates food 4. taste buds detect the 5 main flavors

oral cavity

the _____ _______ is the first portion of the continuous gut tube

oral cavity

the _____ is the roof of the oral cavity

palate

the pancreas connects to the duodenum via the ___________ duct

pancreatic

food is propelled through the esophagus and the entire GI tract by wavelike contractions called

peristalsis

after the oral cavity, the next portion of the digestive tract is the _________

pharynx

the ________ sphincter regulates passage of chyme from the antrum to the small intestine

pyloric

dentalgia vs gastralgia

tooth pain vs stomach pain

which region of the colon is this? ascending/transverse/descending/sigmoid colon travels horizontally across the upper abdomen

transverse