Health Promo Sherpath- Infants

The mother of an infant asks the nurse for suggestions about ways to calm her infant's crying. Which response(s) by the nurse are appropriate? Select all that apply. "Crying may cause increased gas causing pain." "You shouldn't try to stop your baby from crying." "You can try swaddling. This can be very calming." "Crying is how infants communicate their needs." "Using a baby swing can comfort an irritable infant."

"Crying may cause increased gas causing pain." Infants who have colic cry frequently and regularly because of the gas pain they have. Parents should be aware of this so they do not blame themselves. "You can try swaddling. This can be very calming." Many babies like to be wrapped up and are soothed by the familiar pressure (similar to that of the womb). Caregivers can pull the infant's arms and legs in toward the center of the body and then wrap the baby in a light blanket as way to help calm the child. "Using a baby swing can comfort an irritable infant." Motion such as from an infant swing or rocking the baby in your arms can help soothe the infant's irritability and decrease crying.

A mother of a male baby reported smoking occasionally while pregnant. She reports allowing the baby to sleep in the bed with her, on a firm mattress without any covers. Which factors put this baby at risk for SIDS? Select all that apply. Being a male baby Using a firm mattress Using no sleep covers in the crib Smoking occasionally in the house Allowing the baby to sleep in the bed

Being a male baby Male babies are at increased risk for SIDS and therefore this child would be more at risk than a female sibling. Smoking occasionally in the house Intrinsic risk factors such as smoking will increase the risk of SIDS and therefore this mother is putting her baby at risk. Allowing the baby to sleep in the bed Bed sharing is not recommended since it can lead to injury in the child. An infant needs to sleep alone and without risk factors for asphyxiation.

A patient who is pregnant asks the nurse how to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) when the baby is born. Which recommendations should the nurse provide to the patient? Select all that apply. "Place your baby on the back to sleep." "Have your baby sleep in the crib only." "Do not expose your baby to second-hand smoke." "Avoid smoking and alcohol during your pregnancy." "Provide a soft mattress and linens in your baby's crib."

CORRECT: "Place your baby on the back to sleep." Laying the baby on the back to sleep is a recommendation that will reduce the extrinsic risk for SIDS. Studies have associated the prone sleeping position with SIDS; therefore, infants should always be placed supine in the crib. "Have your baby sleep in the crib only." Having the baby sleep only in the crib is a recommendation to reduce the extrinsic risk for SIDS. When infants are left to sleep in other places like sofas or large beds with pillows and blankets, the risk of SIDS is increased. "Do not expose your baby to second-hand smoke." Avoid second-hand smoke around the baby is a recommendation that will reduce the extrinsic risk for SIDS. Smoking is one of the modifiable risk factors for SIDS. "Avoid smoking and alcohol during your pregnancy." Smoking and drinking alcohol while pregnant should be avoided for many reasons. These activities are also associated with a greater risk of SIDS after the baby is born. INCORRECT: "Provide a soft mattress and linens in your baby's crib." Using a mattress and linens is not recommended because they may occlude the child's airway. A firm mattress should be used, and soft decorations and stuffed animals in the crib should be avoided.

A new parent reports that the infant cries incessantly in the evenings, often pulling the arms and legs into the body. The nurse understands that this may be due to which infant condition? Colic Cerebral palsy Night terrors Necrotizing enterocolitis

CORRECT: Colic Incessant crying and pulling the arms and legs into the body indicate a child with colic. INCORRECT: Cerebral palsy Cerebral palsy may present with hypo- or hypertonicity, but these findings would not be limited to certain times of the day or evening, and would be accompanied with other manifestations. Night terrors This behavior is not indicative of night terrors. Night terrors would affect older children and occur once the child is already asleep. Necrotizing enterocolitis This behavior is not indicative of Necrotizing enterocolitis. Necrotizing enterocolitis would present with far more severe and persistent symptoms, including a fever.

A father asks the nurse for advice on caring for the teeth of his five-month-old infant who just cut the first two. Which recommendations should the nurse make? Select all that apply. Use fluoride toothpaste twice daily. Avoid sugary foods, sodas, and candy. Visit the dentist regularly for cleanings. Gently brush the teeth with a wet cloth. Do not put your baby to bed with a bottle.

CORRECT: Gently brush the teeth with a wet cloth. Gently brushing the teeth can help prevent tooth decay and gum disease in infants. It is important for the parent to use a soft cloth with water to rub gently while cleaning the infant's teeth. Do not put your baby to bed with a bottle. This recommendation can help reduce dental caries. If the baby is left in the crib with a bottle, the milk can coat the teeth and allow bacteria to form a biofilm and erode the tooth enamel overnight. INCORRECT: Use fluoride toothpaste twice daily. Although application of fluoride can help prevent dental caries by strengthening the growing teeth of a child, it is typically not recommended for children less than six months of age. Avoid sugary foods, sodas, and candy. Reducing sugar helps prevent dental caries, but infants are not eating food and candy, so this recommendation is not necessary. Visit the dentist regularly for cleanings. Although dental checkups are an important part of oral health, it is not necessary to visit the dentist until the child is older and has more teeth.

The parents of an 11-month-old infant are inquiring as to the foods they should avoid feeding their infant. The nurse should instruct the parent to avoid which foods? Select all that apply. Fish Honey Potatoes Strawberries Whole grapes

CORRECT: Honey Honey should be avoided until age 12 months due to the risk of botulism. Whole grapes Whole grapes should be avoided due to the risk for choking. Parents should be taught to cut all foods into small bitesize pieces. INCORRECT: Fish Fish is not a food that the parent should be instructed to avoid. Potatoes Potatoes are not a food that the parent should be instructed to avoid. Strawberries Strawberries are not a food that the parent should be instructed to avoid.

An eight-week-old infant is exclusively formula fed, and take approximately four oz, six times per day. Which nutritional recommendation should the nurse recommend to the infant's parents? Introduce baby food Include infant cereal Add iron supplements Start vitamin D supplements

CORRECT: Start vitamin D supplements Vitamin D supplements are an appropriate nutritional recommendation because the infant is drinking less than 32 ounces of formula a day. INCORRECT: Introduce baby food Baby food is not an appropriate nutritional recommendation. Infants only require exclusive formula/breast milk until age four to six months. Include infant cereal Infant cereal is not an appropriate nutritional recommendation. Infants only require exclusive formula/breast milk until age four to six months Add iron supplements Iron supplements are not an appropriate nutritional recommendation as the infant receives sufficient iron from iron enriched formula. Iron supplementation may be appropriate for breastfed infants.

he father of an eight-month-old reports that the infant cries and clings to its mother when new friends or unfamiliar relatives visit the home. The nurse explains that this reaction is most likely caused by which? Colic Sleepiness Stranger anxiety Anxiety disorder

CORRECT: Stranger anxiety Stranger anxiety is the most likely cause for this infant behavior. By six to seven months of age, infants develop a fear of unfamiliar people, and this peaks around seven to nine months and often resurfaces again during toddlerhood. INCORRECT: Colic Colic is not the most likely explanation for the behavior described. Colic crying would occur at roughly the same time each day, not in response to unfamiliar visitors. Sleepiness Sleepiness is not the most likely reason behind this infant's behavior. Sleepiness may lead to irritability, but not to the behavior described. Anxiety disorder An anxiety disorder is not the most likely cause of this infant's behavior. Though the infant is experiencing anxiety, this behavior is appropriate to the developmental stage and it reflects a healthy attachment.

The nurse is teaching first time parents about techniques to soothe infant irritability. Which suggestions should the nurse include? Select all that apply. Feeding the infant formula Taking the baby for a car ride Swinging the baby in an infant swing Engaging the infant in an educational TV show Carrying the infant in a front pack close to the parent's chest

CORRECT: Taking the baby for a car ride Taking the baby for a car ride may soothe infant irritability. Infants are often soothed by constant motion. Swinging the baby in an infant swing Swinging the baby in an infant swing may help soothe infant irritability. Infants are often soothed by constant motion. Carrying the infant in a front pack close to the parent's chest Carrying the infant in a front pack close to the parent's chest may help soothe infant irritability. Infants are often soothed by constant motion as well as being close to the parent. INCORRECT: Feeding the infant formula Unless the infant is hungry, feeding the baby formula will not soothe an irritable infant. Engaging the infant in an educational TV show Watching an educational TV show is unlikely to soothe infant irritability. Television may be overstimulating and actually increase irritability. The AAP recommends against screen time for children under two years.

The nurse is providing safety teaching in an infant care class for pregnant first-time mothers and their partners. Which safety recommendation is the priority to include? Use a rear-facing infant car seat Place a lock on every toilet bowl Lock medications out from reach Install covers on electrical sockets

CORRECT: Use a rear-facing infant car seat The highest priority recommendation is to use a rear-facing infant car seat with a three or five-point harness, which should be placed in the back seat. This will be needed immediately upon leaving the hospital. INCORRECT: Place a lock on every toilet bowl Toilet bowel locks are not the priority recommendation for first-time pregnant mothers because their babies will not be mobile for some time. Lock medications out from reach Locking medications out of reach is not the priority recommendation for first-time pregnant mothers because their babies will not be mobile for some time. Install covers on electrical sockets Installing electrical socket covers is not the priority recommendation for first-time pregnant mothers because their babies will not be mobile for some time.

The nurse is teaching the parents of an infant about motor vehicle safety recommendations in order to protect their child in the event of a car crash. Which statements would indicate to the nurse that the teaching has been effective? Select all that apply. "The infant car seat should have a three or five-point harness." "The baby should be in a rear-facing car seat until age 12 months." "The infant car seat should be placed in the middle of the back seat." "If we place the baby in the front seat, the car seat should be forward-facing." "Ideally, we should make sure our car seat and the car itself use the LATCH system."

CORRECT: Exactly! "The infant car seat should have a three or five-point harness." This safety recommendation is crucial to protecting the infant from impact. This harness system will provide support to the infant and hold the infant securely in place in the event of a crash. "The infant car seat should be placed in the middle of the back seat." This is a correct safety recommendation that is crucial for protecting the infant from impact in the event of a crash. This position will ensure the child is as far as possible from either side of the car in the event of crash. "Ideally, we should make sure our car seat and the car itself use the LATCH system." This safety recommendation is crucial to protecting the infant. The LATCH system will hold the infant securely in place and prevent the baby from moving forward in the event of a crash. INCORRECT: "The baby should be in a rear-facing car seat until age 12 months." This is incorrect and indicates the need for further teaching. The recommendation is that infants remain rear-facing until age 24 months or until they have reached the upper growth parameters of the car seat. "If we place the baby in the front seat, the car seat should be forward-facing." This is incorrect and indicates the need for further teaching. Infants should never be placed in the front seat.

The public health nurse is teaching community nurses about factors affecting the health of infants. Which factors that may affect infant risk for dental caries should the nurse include in the lesson? Select all that apply. Coming from a low family income Using bottled water to mix formula Drinking after a mother with cavities Offering soda in a sippy cup to the baby Brushing with fruit flavored toothpaste

Coming from a low family income If the infant's family has a low income, the family is more likely to have inadequate resources to provide for adequate preventative dental care. Using bottled water to mix formula Bottled water, unlike tap water, does not have fluoride added. Children who live in areas where they cannot drink fluoridated tap water often have more dental caries and it is recommended that they have fluoride supplementation. Drinking after a mother with cavities If the infant's mother has dental caries, she is likely to transfer these germs to her child if they share saliva by drinking or eating after each other Offering soda in a sippy cup to the baby Sugary soda increases the risk for dental caries.

The mother of an infant reports that her husband smokes but only smokes outside. She also states that the infant sleeps in a co-sleeper, with a light blanket and a stuffed bear. The nurse identifies which risk factor(s) for SIDS as high priority? Select all that apply. Smoking Co-sleeper Light blanket Stuffed animals Baby sleeping prone

INCORRECT: Smoking Smoking around the baby is associated with SIDS, but this is not a direct exposure. This is not a high priority. Co-sleeper Use of a co-sleeper is a recommended practice that keeps the infant close and safe but prevents parents and blankets from smothering the baby. Light blanket Even a light blanket increases the risk of SIDS as the baby will have movement that may move the blanket over their face. CORRECT: Stuffed animals Nothing plush should be in the baby's sleeping area because of the risk of becoming trapped in the soft material and being unable to breathe or free themselves. Baby sleeping prone Infants should not be allowed to sleep on their abdomen. Sleeping supine, on their backs reduces the risk of SIDS.

The nurse is creating safety brochures about the prevention of poisoning for different population groups. The nurse identifies which recommendations to include for parents and caregivers of infants? Select all that apply. Lock all medication cabinets. Place all houseplants out of reach. Avoid exposure to cigarette smoke. Remove all toys made prior to 1970. Evaluate your home for lead sources.

Lock all medication cabinets. Medications should always be kept out of reach and locked to prevent accidental poisoning of infants and children. Place all houseplants out of reach. Placing houseplants out of reach will prevent the ingestion of common toxic houseplants by the infant or child. Evaluate your home for lead sources. The home should be evaluated for sources of lead. High blood lead levels are associated with neurological disorders in children. Lead in old pipes and in some paint can be a source of lead in older homes.

Match the crib feature with the relevant safety recommendation. Slats Surface Drop side Decoration Not recommended No lead based paint Must be spaced wider than 6 inches (15.2 cm) Child proof Should be plush Must be <2 3/8 inches (6 cm) apart

Match the crib feature with the relevant safety recommendation. Slats Must be <2 3/8 inches (6 cm) apart Surface No lead based paint Drop side Child proof Decoration Not recommended

The mother of a one-month-old infant asks the nurse for advice on establishing safe and consistent sleep practices. What recommendations does the nurse provide? Select all that apply. Place the baby to sleep on the back. Give the baby a warm bath before bed. Put the baby to sleep at the same time every night. Allow the baby to have a bottle while sleeping in crib. Put the baby to sleep when the baby is drowsy, but awake.

Place the baby to sleep on the back. Placing the baby to sleep in the back is a safe practice that decreases the risk of SIDS. Give the baby a warm bath before bed. A warm bath before bed helps with relaxation. Put the baby to sleep at the same time every night. Putting the child to sleep at the same time every night helps to establish a predictable sleep routine. Put the baby to sleep when the baby is drowsy, but awake. Putting the child to sleep in the crib when the child is drowsy but still awake allows the baby to learn how to go to sleep on their own.

The nurse is teaching the mother of a newborn about the prevention of infant asphyxiation. Which priority strategy does the nurse recommend the parents implement even before the infant is mobile? Remove crib decorations and fluffy bedding. Place the crib mattress at the lowest setting. Keep the baby away from any cigarette smoke. Make sure the crib slats are at least six inches apart.

Remove crib decorations and fluffy bedding. Crib decorations and fluffy bedding should be removed to reduce the risk of infant asphyxiation.

An infant is in the clinic for a six-month well visit. Height and weight are in the 50th percentile. The infant can sit and shows an interest in food. Which foods should the nurse recommend the parents introduce at this stage? Yogurt mixed with bananas or mango Chopped steamed broccoli and carrots Canned chicken and beef mixed with broth Rice cereal mixed with breast milk or formula

Rice cereal mixed with breast milk or formula The nurse should recommend the parents introduce iron-fortified rice cereal mixed with breast milk or formula. This is an ideal first food that is gentle on the stomach and nutritious.

Match the infant age with the most appropriate developmental action. Takes one or two naps Can begin to self-soothe Sleeps 16 hours per day Consistently sleeps all night 12 months old Newborn Six months Four months old

Takes one or two naps 12 months old Can begin to self-soothe Four months old Sleeps 16 hours per day Newborn Consistently sleeps all night Six months

The parents of a six-month-old infant report excessive drooling, fussiness, and loss of appetite. Which practices should the nurse recommend that may relieve these symptoms? Select all that apply. Popsicles Hard candy Teething ring Frozen bagels Clean wet washcloth

Teething ring A teething ring may be soothing to a teething infant. The cold is likely soothing to inflamed gums. Frozen bagels Providing frozen foods can help relieve a child's discomfort by soothing inflamed gums. Ensure parents avoid foods that might be choking hazards. Clean wet washcloth A clean wet washcloth may provide relief to a teething infant. Often chewing is soothing for teething infants.

The nurse would expect to observe which behaviors in an infant with an insecure parental attachment? The infant is content when being fed by the parent. The infant stops crying when they see their parent. The infant is more easily comforted by a babysitter than the parent. The infant calms down after being picked up by the parent.

The infant is more easily comforted by a babysitter than the parent. Insecure parental attachment might be demonstrated by an inability or less ability of the parent to comfort the infant, compared to other caretakers who have been more consistent in providing stable caring.

The mother of a six-month-old infant states that she puts the baby to bed in a crib under a single blanket on a firm mattress and offers a pacifier. She indicates that the baby often rolls over to prone position once asleep. What should the nurse identify as the unsafe sleeping practice for this infant? Use of a blanket in the crib Offering a pacifier for sleep Sleeping on a firm mattress Rolling to prone positioning

Use of a blanket in the crib The nurse should identify having a blanket in the crib as an unsafe sleeping practice for this infant. There is a potential of suffocation or rebreathing decreased oxygen levels if the blanket were to cover the infant's face. Offering a pacifier for sleep Neither use nor avoidance of pacifiers is considered an unsafe sleeping practice. Sleeping on a firm mattress The nurse would not indicate that sleeping on a firm mattress is an unsafe sleeping practice. Firm mattresses are recommended for infants. Rolling to prone positioning This is a normal developmental milestone by age six months. Once the child can roll him or herself, parents should not worry about repositioning the infant back to supine.

The nurse is teaching new parents about motor vehicle safety recommendations for their new baby. Place the safety recommendations in chronological order, starting with those necessary for a newborn. Use a forward facing car or booster seat in the back seat. Use the back seat with a three point seat belt. Use a rear-facing car seat with three or five-point harness. Use a front-facing car seat with three or five-point harness.

Use the back seat with a three point seat belt. Use a rear-facing car seat with three or five-point harness. Use a front-facing car seat with three or five-point harness. Use a forward facing car or booster seat in the back seat.

A new mother reports that the baby is sleeping next to her own bed in a bassinet with a small pillow. She reports laying the baby on the back to sleep and says she has banned cigarette smoking in the house. The nurse identifies which practice as putting the baby at risk for SIDS? Banning smoking in the house Sleeping in the room with mom Using a small pillow in the bassinet Placing the baby on the back to sleep

Using a small pillow in the bassinet Using a pillow in the bassinet places the baby at risk. There should not be anything soft or loose in the crib with the baby.