Linux 010-160 (04)
______________ __ preserve the literal value of *most characters* contained within, exceptions include dollar sign for variables, single quote for single characters and backslash for escaping a character
Double quotes
Main parts of a Linux distribution
a) Linux kernel, b) core utilities, c) supplemental software, d) system services, e) software management
file types
a) plain files, b) directories, c) symbolic links, d) device files, e) F I F Os, f) Unix-domain sockets
a path that starts with the root directory
absolute path
searches man page for appearances of the keyword provided, equivalent of man dash k keyword
apropos keyword
tar dash c
c creates an archive file
You want to set the sticky bit on an existing directory, subdir, without otherwise altering its permissions
c h mod, o plus t, sub dir
What command would you type, as root, to change the ownership of a file?
c h own, new owner, name of file
c p option to copy directories with all their content
c p dash capital R
c p option to overwrite existing target files without prompting
c p dash f
c p option to ask once per file whether target files should be overwritten
c p dash i
c p option for verbose output
c p dash v
u name dash m
displays the machine type
hidden file within the home directory that contains a log of commands entered at the Bash prompt
dot bash underscore history
list all of the environment variables set for the current shell environment
e n v
displays the contents of the PATH environment variable
echo dollar sign path
re-runs command from .bash_history
exclamation point, history number
tar dash f
file name type of archive file
searches the file system for files that match the search criteria
find, path to folder, dash name, pattern
Lost Property, contains files that look reasonable but do not seem to belong to any directory
lost+found
__________ is used to preserve the literal value of *every character* contained within the quotes, including the escape character
Single quote
can be used to power off the machine, reboot or stop a pending power down request
shutdown
General Utilities, contains the most important executable programs which are necessary for the system to boot
slash bin
OS Kernel, contains the actual operating system
slash boot
Device Files, contains entries for device files
slash dev
Contains configuration files for most programs
slash e t c
stores system-wide environment and startup programs, used during a login shell
slash e t c slash profile
contains other scripts that contain application-specific startup files
slash e t c slash profile dot d
User Home Directories, contains the home directories of all users except root
slash home
System Libraries, contains the "shared libraries" used by programs in /bin and /sbin reside, as files and symbolic links
slash l i b
Access to Other Storage Media
slash m n t
Access to CD-ROM or Floppies
slash media
Window into the Kernel, contains data about running processes as well as other information the kernel possesses about the computer's hardware
slash p r o c
Administrator's Home Directory
slash root
Special System Programs, contains programs that are necessary to boot or repair the system
slash s bin
Server Files, contains files offered by various server programs
slash s r v
Hardware Control, contains a consistent view on the available hardware
slash s y s
Transient Files, contains programs' temporary data
slash t m p
Unchanging Files, contains programs and data files that are not essential for booting or repairing the system or otherwise indespensable
slash u s r
Dynamically Changing Files, contains dynamically changing files, distributed across different directories
slash v a r
which sort option will you use to specify a target file?
sort dash o
tar dash t
t means view content of archive file
lists summaries and related man pages based on search term, equivalent of man dash f command
what is command
identifies the location of executables
which
displays your currently logged in user
who am I
manual page topics
1) user commands, 2) system calls, 3) C language library functions, 4) device files and drivers, 5) configuration files and file formats, 6) games, 7) miscellaneous, 8) administrator commands, 9) kernel functions, n) "New" commands
Slack ware
A Linux distribution created by Patrick Volkerding in 1993, and is the oldest distribution that is still maintained.
a non quoted _______ is the ______ and preserves the *literal value of the next following character * with the single exception of newline n
Backslash Escape Character
three command modes in vi
Ex Command Insert
environment variable that modifies Bash's history behavior
HIST CONTROL
environment variable that specifies how many lines of history to keep
HIST FILE SIZE
manual page sections
NAME, SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, OPTIONS, ARGUMENTS, FILES, EXAMPLES, SEE ALSO, DIAGNOSTICS, COPYRIGHT, BUGS
contains a list of all the directories that Bash will look in for applications or scripts to run
PATH environment variable
cut command does what?
Prints selected parts of lines from each file to output
cut dash d
Prints selected parts of lines then delimits, cuts, a portion of text with some character
grep dash capital E allows what?
Use of regular expressions in the grep command
i d command displays?
Username, Group memberships, U I D
which command deletes a group in linux
del group
internal commands
commands that are made available by the shell itself
external commands
commands that executed by shell by launching an executable file usually found in directories like slash bin or slash u s r slash bin
tar z
compressed g zip archive
grep command for displaying number of matching lines in a file
grep dash c
prints out words starting with M in the file name
grep dash capital E caret capital M file name
shuts down a system
halt or poweroff
command to describe in more detail an internal command
help command
displays commands saved with each command numbered
history
stores non-login user-specific functions and aliases
home slash dot bash r c
executes when a user logs out of a login shell, not a terminal
home slash dot bash underscore logout
information utility command
info command
commands types
internal and external
list files sorted by size with the largest at the top
l s dash capital S
a user wants to display file information in a human readable format
l s dash h
list in human-readable long format
l s dash l h
a user wishes to see a listing of size of their files
l s dash s
list files sorted by last time modified displaying the newest first, most useful with the -l switch
l s dash t
a user wants to display the list of all the users logged in and out since the file slash v a r slash log slash w t m p was created
last
l s dash capital R
list directories recursively
command to create a new directory with nested directories
m k dir dash p directory slash directory
you want to narrow a search in man for keywords
man dash k "KEYWORD"
command to display the search path for system manual pages
man path
sets the number of pings sent in linux
ping, dash c, number of pings, u r l or I P address
command to remove an empty existing directory with nested directories
r m dir dash p dash p directory slash directory
command to remove an existing empty directory
r m dir directory
tar dash r
r means append
a path that does not start with the root directory
relative path
what is used to set default file permissions for newly created files
u mask
displays the name of the system kernel
u name
displays all information that u name can show
u name dash a
displays the name of the operating system
u name dash o
A user wants to check what kernel release he has, what command should he use
u name dash r
A user wants to check what kernel name he has, what command should he use
u name dash s
A user wants to check what version his kernel is running on, what command should he use?
u name dash v
what is the curly brace used for?
used to match more than one pattern
creates a system account, has no directory
user add dash r
deletes a user that is currently logged on
user del dash f
removes a users home directory AND deletes the account
user del dash r
tar dash v
verbosely state .tar file progress
a user wants to check all the current users logged on to a Linux machine what cmd should they use?
w
to determine the number of files and folders?
w c dash l
to count the number of words
wc