Movements of the body
Lateral Flexion
(side bending) movement of the head/trunk in the frontal plane laterally away from midline
Pronation
a position of the foot/ankle resulting from a combo of dorsiflexion, eversion, and forefoot abduction (toe-out)
Radial Deviation
abduction movement at the wrist in the front plane of the thumb side of the hand toward the lateral forearm
Ulnar Deviation
adduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the pinky finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm (Pinky's in)
Retraction(adduction)
backward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane toward the spine (Pinch your shoulder back)
Flexion
bending movement that results in a decrease of the angle in a joint but bringing bones together, usually in the sagittal plane. Ex: bicep curls
Circumduction
circular movement of a limb in an arc or cone-like shape. Combo of flexion/extension/adduction/abduction.
Opposition
diagonal movement of the thumb across the palmar surface of the hand to make contact withthe fingers (Thumb touching other fingers)
Plantarflexion
extension movement of the ankle that results in the foot moving away from the body in the sagittal plane
Supination
externally rotating the radius is the transverse plane so that it lies parallel to the ulna, resulting in a palm-up position of the forearmPALMS UP
Dorsiflexion
flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving towards the tibia (lower leg)in the sagittal plane
Depression
inferior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane. Ex: returning to the normal position from a shoulder shrug
Pronation
internally rotating the radius in the transverse plane so that is lies diagonally across the ulna, resulting in a palm-down position of the forearmPALMS DOWN
Abduction
lateral movement away from the midline of the trunk in the frontal plane. Ex: raising arms/legs to the side horizontally
Adduction
movement medially toward the midline of trunk in the frontal plane. Ex: lowering arm or thigh back to anatomical position
Diagonal Abduction
movement of a limb through a diagonal plane away from the midline
Diagonal Adduction
movement of a limb through a diagonal plane toward and across from the midline
Scaption
movement of the humerus away from the body in the scapular plane. Glenohumeral abduction in a plane 30-45˚ between the sagittal and frontal planes
Horizontal Abduction
movement of the humerus or femur in the horizontal plane away from the midline of the body (AWAY)
Horizontal Adduction
movement of the humerus or femur in the horizontal plane toward the midline of the body (TOWARDS THE BODY)
Supination
position of foot/ankle resulting from a combo of plantar flexion, inversion, and forefoot adduction (toe-in
External Rotation
rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone away from the midline, in the transverse plane. aka LATERAL rotation
Internal Rotation
rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone towards the midline, in the transverse plane. aka MEDIAL rotation
Upward Rotation
rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving laterally and upward (Lift arms up)
Downward Rotation
rotary movement of the scapula in the frontal plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving medially and downward. Occurs primarily in the return from upward rotation (anatomical position)
Extension
straightening movement that results in an increase of a joint angle by moving bones apart. Ex: Straightening a bent knee or elbow
Elevation
superior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane. Ex: shrugging the shoulders
Inversion
turning the sole of the foot inward or medially in the frontal plane. Ex: standing with weight on the outer edge of foot
Eversion
turning the sole of the foot outward or laterally in the frontal plane. Ex: standing with weight on inner edge of foot
Rotation
twisting motion of the spine in the transverse plane
Protraction(abduction)
•forward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane away from the spine (Pull shoulders forward)
