MS quiz 1

What should a nurse instruct a client with a potassium level of 6.2 to avoid? (Select all that apply.)

-Bananas - Carrots - Tomatoes - Celery

The normal lab value range for sodium is:

130- 145 mEq/L

The normal lab value range for potassium is:

3.5- 5.1 mEq/L

A nurse is educating a group of high school athletes about fluid loss in hot, dry weather. The nurse would be correct in saying the loss from respiration, could double from the normal range of _____ to _____ mL/day.

300 to 400 mL/day

A nurse should anticipate in a client with respiratory acidosis that the blood pH reading would be lower than ?

7.35

A nurse is collecting data about the fluid status of four clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as being at risk for fluid volume deficit?

A client who has gastroenteritis and is receiving oral fluids

What is the BEST choice of a snack for the patient who is on a low-sodium diet?

Air-popped popcorn

A hormone with physiological effects that increases blood pressure is:

Aldosterone

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who is taking a diuretic and notes the client's potassium level is 3.0 mEq/L. Which of the following physiological responses should the nurse expect related to the client's lab result?

Cardiac dysrhythmias

A nurse is reviewing a client's admission laboratory findings that indicate the client has hyponatremia. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse also expect to be below the expected reference range?

Chloride

A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has hypocalcemia. For which of the following signs should the nurse monitor?

Chvostek's Sign

A nurse understands that fluid balance is mainly monitored in the body by which two systems?

Circulatory and Renal

A patient with hypertension is complaining about the lack of taste with the low-salt diet that has been ordered and he wants to stop taking it. The nurse explains that a harmful effect of sodium is that it:

Contributes to hypertension

A nurse receives a client's laboratory results and notes a potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L. When reviewing the client's medication administration record, which of the following types of medication should the nurse identify as a contributing factor to the client's hypokalemia?

Corticosteroids

A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and has a nasogastric tube that has drained 2,500 mL in the past 6 hr. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following electrolyte imbalances?

Decreased Potassium level

A nurse assists a patient with dyspnea to sit in a high Fowler position. What process allows gravity to help move oxygen from the pulmonary capillaries into the blood when the patient is in this position?

Diffusion

What is primarily responsible for carrying fluids with nutrients and wastes on a random basis throughout the body?

Extracellular fluid

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is experiencing metabolic acidosis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Hyperventilation

A nurse clarifies that electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium break down into smaller particles when dissolved. What are these smaller particles?

Ions

The nurse reading the lab results of a patient with excessive diarrhea. The nurse reads that his pH is 7.1, the HCO3 is 20, and the PaCO2 is 40. From this information alone, the nurse assesses the patient to be in:

Metabolic acidosis

Each compartment of the body has a water-fluid distribution movement of its own. What is the process allowing these fluids to move and distribute themselves among compartments?

Osmosis

At the end of an 8 hour shift the physician asks the nurse if her post-op client who has been vomiting has a positive or negative fluid balance for her shift. This is the client's intake and output for the last 8 hours: Intake: water - 3 oz, Popsicle - 15 mls, IV fluids - 1000 mls Output: urine - 500, emesis - 220 mls, JP drain 30mls. What should the nurse say is the fluid balance for this client?

Positive by 355 mls.

The nurse is caring for a client with pneumonia. The lab personnel called the nurse for a critical ABG result of a pH of 7.50 and a pCO2 of 30 mm Hg. The nurse determines that these results indicate:

Respiratory alkalosis

A nurse is reviewing the preadmission laboratory test results of a client who is scheduled for a carotid endarterectomy in 3 days. Which of the following results should the nurse report to the provider?

Sodium 151 mEq/L

A patient is frequently thirsty. To what should the nurse attribute this symptom?

Too much sodium and too little water in the body

How does the healthy kidney adjust the volume and composition of filtrate that prevents excessive fluid loss?

Tubular reabsorption

The tendency to maintain relatively constant conditions as in the fluid compartments is known as ______________.

homeostasis

The laboratory report for the client shows a potassium level of 5.2 mEq/L. What is the most important assessment for the nurse to make?

irregular heartbeat

After potassium, ____________ is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid.

magnesium

A nurse is caring for a client who has acute kidney injury. The client's ABGs are: pH: 7.26, PaCO2: 30 mm Hg, HCO3: 14 mEq/L. Which of the following acid-imbalances should the nurse identify the client is experiencing?

metabolic acidosis

A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of a client. The client's ABGs are: pH: 7.6, PaCO2: 40 mm Hg, HCO3: 32 mEq/L. Which of the following acid base conditions should the nurse identify the client is experiencing?

metabolic acidosis

Both the intracellular and extracellular fluids are made up of many different electrolytes. What is the most abundant intracellular positively charged electrolyte?

potassium