Physical Science Final Study Guide
Density describes a. mass per unit volume. b. length per unit time. c. volume per liter. d. weight per mass.
a
What are the two processes responsible for formation of droplets large enough to fall
coalescence Bergeson Process
A chocolate chip cookie is a good example of a. a compound. b. an element. c. a homogeneous mixture. d. a heterogeneous mixture.
d
A phenomenon that occurs in the ionosphere is a. the greenhouse effect. b. photosynthesis. c. Rayleigh scattering. d. auroras.
d
How do water droplets form in the atmosphere -understand the idea of hygroscopic nuclei
form around hygroscopic nuclei(microscopic foreign particles) present in the air
Define air mass
large body of air that takes on the characteristics of the area over which it forms
What is photosynthesis, why is it important to us
plants consume CO2 and produce O2 as waste
Aphelion
point in a planet's orbit that is farthest from the sun
Periheilon
point in a planets orbit that is closest to the sun
Define insolation
(in)coming (sol)ar radi(ation)
Chapter 19The Atmosphere Define meteorology
(older term for atmospheric science) is commonly applied to the study of the lower atmosphere(In the past the term meteorology was used to more generally describe the study of the entire atmosphere,the branch of science concerned with the processes and phenomena of the atmosphere, especially as a means of forecasting the weather)
An automobile travels due north with a constant speed of 81 km/h. All forces considered, the unbalanced force acting on the auto is a. zero. b. southward. c. northward. d. downward. e. upward.
A
The Bergeron process involves three essential components - what are they?
1. ICE CRYSTALS in the upper portion of the cloud (serve as condensation nuclei and grow larger from the vapor condensing on them) 2. SUPERCOOLED VAPOR in the lower portion of the cloud 3.MIXING OR AGITATION brings ice crystals in contact with the supercooled vapor
Understand Kepler's 3 laws of planetary motion
1.Law of Elliptical Orbits:all planeta move in elliptical orbits around the Sun, with the Sun at one focus of the eclipse. 2.Law of Equal Areas: An imaginary line (radial vector) joining a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal periods of time. 3.Harmonic Law:the square of the sidereal period of a planet is proportional to the cube of its semi major axis (one-half major axis) T2=kR3 K:1yr2/1Au3
Determine the sidereal period of a planet that is located 5.2 AU from the Sun.
11.9 y
Halley's comet has a sidereal period of 76.2 years. Determine the value of the semimajor axis of its orbit. (Use Kepler's third law.)
18 AU
How long is a 10.0-ft pole in meters?
3.05 m
How many planets do we currently have in our solar system
8
If an object of mass 6 kg has an acceleration of 9 m/s2, what is the unbalanced force acting on it? a. 54 N b. 0.67 N c. 1.5 N d. 15 N e. cannot be determined
A
Mass is a measure of a. inertia. b. force. c. grams. d. weight. e. kilograms.
A
When you push on a stationary object on a horizontal surface and it doesn't move, what kind of force is most likely opposing your efforts? a. Static friction force b. Sliding friction force c. Lubricant friction force d. Gravitational force e. Normal Force
A
Which of the following would be different for a person on the Moon rather than on Earth? a. Weight b. Height c. Volume d. Mass
A
comet
A ball of frozen dust and rock that orbits the sun and has a tail that glows A body of ice, rock and dust that can be several miles in diameter and orbits the sun. Debris from comets is the source of many meteoroids.
Define solar system
A complex system of moving masses held together by gravitational forces
What is a dwarf planet, give an example
A dwarf planet is a planetary-mass object that is neither a true planet nor a natural satellite. That is, it is in direct orbit of a star, and is massive enough for its gravity to compress it into a hydrostatically equilibrious shape, but has not cleared the neighborhood of other material around its orbit Example: Pluto, Eris, Ceres
meteor
A meteoroid that enters the earth's atmosphere and vaporizes. Also called a "shooting star."
Meteoroid
A small rocky or metal object, usually between the size of a grain of sand or a boulder, that orbits the sun. It originates from a comet or asteroid.
asteroid
An object larger than a meteoroid that orbits the sun and is made of rock or metal. Historically, objects larger than 10 meters across have been called asteroids.
What role did Aristotle, Brahe, Copernicus and Kepler play in our understanding of the solar system?
Aristotle:geocentric model Brahe:very accurate observation of the measurements of planets and starts Copernicus: developed the heliocentric mode of the universe Kepler:developed the three laws of planetary motion (1.Law of Elliptical Orbits, 2.Law of Equal Areas, 3.Harmonic Law)
What are the major compositions of the earth?
Atmosphere - 21% oxygen, Earth's crust - over 90%, by volume, of the rocks/minerals are oxygen! Above the core is Earth's mantle, which is made up of rock containing silicon, iron, magnesium, aluminum, oxygen and other minerals. The rocky surface layer of Earth, called the crust, is made up of mostly oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium.
"Weightlessness" occurs when an object a. has zero acceleration. b. is in free fall. c. is midway between Earth and the Moon. d. loses weight.
B
A spacecraft in space keeps going at the same velocity, even without firing its rockets, in accordance with the _______________ law of motion. a. fourth b. first c. second d. third
B
According to Newton's second law, the force required to accelerate an object is equal to a. its acceleration divided by its mass. b. its mass times the acceleration. c. its mass divided by the velocity. d. its weight times the velocity.
B
An automobile travels due north with a speed of 77 km/h that is decreasing. All forces considered, the unbalanced force acting on the auto is a. zero. b. southward. c. northward. d. downward. e. upward.
B
If an unbalanced force of 8 N force acts on a 7-kg object, what is its acceleration? a. 56 m/s2 b. 1.1 m/s2 c. 0.88 m/s2 d. 15 m/s2 e. cannot be determined
B
It is generally easier to push an object once it is moving than when you are getting it started. This is because a. sliding friction is zero. b. sliding friction is less than static friction. c. static friction is less than sliding friction. d. static friction is zero.
B
Two equal and opposite forces of 6.0 N act on an object. The unbalanced force on the object a. is 6.0 N. b. is 0 N. c. is 8 N. d. is 12 N. e. cannot be determined from given information.
B
Who discovered the nucleus of the atom in 1911? a. Thomson b. Rutherford c. Dalton d. Bohr
B
An automobile travels due north with a speed of 68 km/h and an acceleration of 1.5 m/s2. All forces considered, the unbalanced force acting on the auto is a. zero. b. southward. c. northward. d. downward. e. upward.
C
If a person weighs 108 lb on Earth, that person's weight on the Moon would be a. 648 lb. b. 54 lb. c. 18 lb. d. 108 lb. e. 54 lb.
C
Newton's law of universal gravitation is believed to be applicable a. to the Milky Way only. b. on Earth and the Moon only. c. throughout the universe. d. to the solar system only. e. on Earth only.
C
The SI base units making up the newton are a. kg m/s. b. g m/s2. c. kg m/s2. d. kg2/s.
C
The constant G that appears in the equation F = Gm1m2/r2 is a. smaller on the Moon than on Earth. b. the force of gravity. c. equal to 9.8 m/s2. d. the acceleration due to gravity. e. equal to 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2.
C
The gravitational pull of Earth acting on an object is zero when the object a. has zero acceleration. b. is in free fall. c. is midway between Earth and the Moon. d. is in orbit around Earth. e. none of these
C
Two of your classmates, each 82 kg, are separated by 4 meters. The gravitational force of attraction between them in nano-newtons is a. 1.4 nN b. 0.3 nN c. 0.0 nN d. 41.2 nN e. 28.0 nN
C
When a net force on a moving object increases, the object will a. maintain the same velocity. b. always show an increase in speed. c. exhibit a change in speed and/or direction. d. maintain a constant acceleration.
C
What process is involved in rain making
Cloud seeding, an artificial process of making rain is done by precipitation, a process of condensation of water vapours in the air. This is done by using cloud seeding chemicals like potassium iodide, silver iodide, liquid propane or solid carbon dioxide
What are comets, meteors, asteroids and meteoroids?
Comet: A body of ice, rock and dust that can be several miles in diameter and orbits the sun. Debris from comets is the source of many meteoroids. Meteoroid: A small rocky or metal object, usually between the size of a grain of sand or a boulder, that orbits the sun. It originates from a comet or asteroid. Meteor: A meteoroid that enters the earth's atmosphere and vaporizes. Also called a "shooting star." Asteroid: An object larger than a meteoroid that orbits the sun and is made of rock or metal. Historically, objects larger than 10 meters across have been called asteroids.
"For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction" is a statement of Newton's a. law of universal gravitation. b. first law. c. second law. d. third law.
D
A constant net force acting on an object that is free to move will produce a constant a. speed. b. velocity. c. displacement. d. acceleration. e. distance.
D
A mass is accelerated when ______________ acts upon the mass. a. a balanced force b. any force c. no force d. an unbalanced force e. none of these
D
An automobile air bag a. increases the contact time in stopping a person. b. reduces the impact force in a collision. c. increases the surface area of the impact force. d. does all of the above.
D
Mass and weight on Earth's surface a. are the same thing. b. are defined solely by inertia. c. are explained by Newton's third law. d. differ in magnitude by a constant. e. are explained by Kepler's second law.
D
Newton's third law of motion states that the force pair acting on different objects consists of two forces that a. are under the influence of gravity. b. are equal and in the same direction. c. always produce an acceleration. d. are equal and in opposite directions.
D
The ""billiard ball model" of the atom is associated with a. Bohr. b. Thomson. c. Rutherford. d. Dalton.
D
The "plum pudding model" of the atom is associated with a. Bohr. b. Rutherford. c. Dalton. d. Thomson.
D
The acceleration produced by an unbalanced force acting on an object is a. inversely proportional to the mass of the object. b. directly proportional to the magnitude of the force. c. in the direction of the force. d. all of these.
D
Who discovered the electron in 1897? a. Dalton b. Bohr c. Rutherford d. Thomson
D
Chapter 20Atmospheric effects Know the different types of condensation
Dew, Fog, Clouds
Understand the electromagnetic spectrum
Electromagnetic radiation travels in waves through space or matter. Electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelengths have higher frequencies and more energy. The full range of electromagnetic radiation is called the electromagnetic spectrum. From longest to shortest wavelengths, it includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X rays, and gamma rays.
What is the difference between the geocentric and heliocentric model of the solar system
Geocentric: earth-centered (Ptolemy) Heliocentric: Sun-Centered (Copernicus)
What are terrestrial planets, give examples
Inner planets (inferior) Planets with orbits smaller than Earth M.V.E.M: Mercury Venus Earth Mars
Name the following compounds
K Br C Cl4 NaF AlCl3 P2O5 SF6 SF4 N2O4 Al2S3 P4O10
What are jovial planets, give examples
Outer planets (superior) Planets with orbits larger than Earth are classified as J.S.U.N: Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
What is the difference between prograde and retrograde motion?
Prograde motion is normal motion from west to east.(Counterclockwise) Retrograde motion is from east to west.(clockwise)
What two chemicals are normally used in rain making
Silver Iodide and Frozen CO2 Pellets (dry ice)
What is the most massive object in our solar system?
Sun
What are superior planets, what are inferior planets?
Superior:Jovian Inferior:Terrestial
What are the four major recognizable divisions of the atmosphere
T.S.M.Th. (Thanks So Much Thomas!): Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere
Define weather
The atmospheric conditions of the lower troposphere
Describe the variation of temperature as the altitude increases
The temperature of the atmosphere decreases with increasing altitude
A tornado ______________ is issued when a tornado has been sighted or indicated on radar. a. warning b. notice c. advisory d. ticket
a
An object transported from Earth's surface to the surface of the Moon has a. the same mass, but different weight. b. the same weight, but different mass. c. the same mass and the same weight. d. different mass and different weight. e. none of these.
a
During the approach of a severe thunderstorm, workers on a project see lightning and then hear the resulting thunder 55 s later. Approximately how far away, in miles, is the storm? a. 11 mi b. 22 mi c. 12 mi d. 13 mi
a
Electrons in the outermost shell are referred to as ______________ electrons. a. valence b. orbital c. f shell d. s shell
a
For the multiplication of 7.443 m times 8.5 m, the result should be reported with how many significant figures? a. Two b. One c. Three d. Four e. Seven
a
In the Bergeron process, condensation occurs on a. ice crystals. b. dust. c. carbon dioxide. d. oxygen.
a
Jet planes avoid bad weather by flying above it in the a. stratosphere. b. troposphere. c. mesosphere. d. thermosphere.
a
Rain drops that freeze prior to striking the warm ground is a(n) ______________ storm. a. hail b. rain c. ice d. snow
a
Snowstorms accompanied by high winds and low temperatures are called a. blizzards. b. ice storms. c. hail storms. d. tornados.
a
Solutions are a. homogeneous mixtures. b. heterogeneous mixtures. c. nonuniform mixtures. d. none of these.
a
Take a cup of water, add sugar, and stir. If the resulting solution no longer contains sugar crystals, the solution is said to be a. an unsaturated solution. b. a saturated solution. c. a heterogeneous solution. d. none of these.
a
The brightest object in the sky is a. the Sun. b. the Moon c. Venus. d. Mars.
a
The largest planet in the solar system is a. Jupiter. b. Neptune. c. Uranus. d. Saturn. e. Mars.
a
The low-pressure center of a hurricane is called the a. eye. b. vortex. c. lid. d. cap.
a
The metric prefix that means one thousand (1000) is a. kilo-. b. centi-. c. mega-. d. milli-.
a
The name given to the point of a planet's orbit that is farthest from the Sun is a. aphelion. b. focus. c. perihelion. d. solstice.
a
The ozone layer lies in the a. stratosphere. b. troposphere. c. mesosphere. d. thermosphere.
a
The process that effectively regulates Earth's average temperature is a. the greenhouse effect. b. Rayleigh scattering. c. the dew point. d. auroras.
a
The safest place in the home to seek shelter from a tornado is the a. basement. b. kitchen. c. bedroom. d. attic.
a
The second most abundant gas in the atmosphere is a. oxygen. b.nitrogen. c. water vapor. d. carbon dioxide.
a
When at home during a tornado warning, you should seek shelter in ______________ of the building. a. the basement or lowest central level b. the attic c. a doorway d. the garage
a
When the measured quantity 45.67 kg is divided by the measured quantity 3.42 L, the answer should have how many significant figures? a. Three b. One c. Four d. Two
a
Which has more volume, a liter or a quart?a. A liter b. A quart c. Both are the same d. Neither describes volume
a
Which of the following is a unit of mass density? a. kg/m3 b. g/cm2 c. lb/ft3 d. lb/ft
a
Which of the following is not a fundamental quantity? a. Weight b. Length c. Time d. Mass
a
What is an ionosphere and why is it important to us
a region (between 70 and several hundred km in altitude) characterized by a HIGH CONCENTRATION OF IONS
How are air masses classified
according to the temperature and moisture characteristics of their source regions. Based on temperature: tropical (warm), polar (cold), arctic (extremely cold).
What is an ozone layer and why is it important to us
acts as an umbrella to shield life on Earth from much of the harmful UV solar radiation a great concentration of O3
what is the meaning of Aphelion and Perihelion?
aphelion:farthest point in orbit to the Sun (afar) Perihelion:closest point in orbit to the Sun
A scientific law describes a. the scientific method. b. a fundamental relationship of nature. c. the behavior of nature. d. an experiment.
b
A successfully tested hypothesis may take on the status of a(n) a. experimental result. b. theory.c. scientific law. d. concept.e. superior hypothesis.
b
About 80% of the mass of the atmosphere and most of the clouds and water vapor are located in the a. stratosphere. b. troposphere. c. mesosphere. d. thermosphere.
b
Exploration of this part of the atmosphere was conducted in the nineteenth century with hot-air balloons. a. Stratosphere b. Troposphere c. Mesosphere d. Thermosphere
b
For water droplets to form, what must be present? a. Smog b. Hygroscopic nuclei c. Carbon dioxide d. Ozone
b
Ions trapped in Earth's magnetic field give rise to a. photosynthesis. b. auroras. c. ultraviolet radiation. d. ozone.
b
Kepler's first law states that the orbits of the planets around the Sun are a. circles. b. ellipses. c. all lying in the same plane. d. none of these.
b
Kepler's second law of planetary motion is known as the law of a. ellipses. b. equal areas. c. harmonic periods. d. gravitation.
b
One microgram (μg) contains how many grams? a. 10-3 b. 10-6 c. 10-9 d. 103
b
Photosynthesis produces ______________ in the atmosphere. a. carbon dioxide b. oxygen c. argon d. carbon monoxide
b
Planets in a planetary system other than the solar system a. have never been detected. b. have been detected. c. are an impossibility. d. are universally present.
b
Radio waves, of sufficient frequency, pass through which of the following ion layers? a. C b. D c. E d. F
b
Take a cup of water, add sugar, and stir. If the resulting solution contains sugar crystals that do not dissolve, the solution is said to be a. an unsaturated solution. b. a saturated solution. c. a homogeneous solution. d. none of these.
b
That a planet moves with different speeds in its orbit is given by which of Kepler's laws? a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth
b
The closest planet to Earth is a. Mars. b. Venus. c. Mercury. d. Saturn.
b
The metric prefix that means one million (1,000,000) is a. centi-. b. mega-. c. milli-. d. nano-
b
The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is a. oxygen. b. nitrogen. c. water vapor. d. carbon dioxide.
b
The most distant planet that can be seen with the unaided eye is a. Jupiter. b. Saturn. c. Uranus. d. Neptune.
b
The most information about our environment comes to us through the sense of a. smell. b. sight. c. hearing. d. touch.
b
The planet with the most prominent rings is a. Jupiter. b. Saturn. c. Uranus. d. Neptune.
b
The reason why the sky is blue is best explained by a. the greenhouse effect. b. Rayleigh scattering. c. the dew point. d. auroras.
b
The vertical columns of elements in the periodic table are called a. periods. b. groups. c. families. d. series.
b
Weather occurs in the a. stratosphere. b. troposphere. c. mesosphere. d. thermosphere.
b
When the dew point is below 0°C, which of the following is likely to form? a. Sleet b. Snow c. Hail d. Dew
b
Which of the following planets moves the slowest in its orbit around the Sun? a. Earth b. Mars c. Venus d. Mercury
b
Which statement is incorrect? a. A kilogram has an equivalent weight greater than that of a pound. b. A kilometer is longer than a mile. c. A meter is longer than a yard. d. A liter is larger than a quart.
b
What are Aurora Borealis, or Northern Lights?
beautiful displays of lights that are generated in the upper atmosphere over high altitude areas solar disturbances provide an abundance of incoming energetic particles that supply energy for ions and electrons to recombine when these ions and electrons recombine they emit visible light and other radiation
A bubble-producing soda is an example of a. an unsaturated solution. b. a saturated solution. c. a supersaturated solution. d. a completely unsaturated solution.
c
A method of expressing the accuracy of measured quantities is a. metric prefixes. b. derived units. c. significant figures. d. conversion factors.
c
About 74% by mass of Earth's crust is composed of the two elements a. oxygen and iron. b. aluminum and iron. c. oxygen and silicon. d. silicon and aluminum.
c
According to today's classification system, how many major planets are there in the solar system? a. 10 b. 9 c. 8 d. 11
c
An element that is malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity would be classified as a a. metalloid. b. semimetal. c. metal. d. nonmetal.
c
Commercial jet planes fly in the a. Troposphere b. mesosphere c. stratosphere d. thermosphere
c
Expressed in standard powers-of-10 notation and rounded to four significant figures, the number 0.00023648 is a. 2.364 × 103. b. 2.365 × 104. c. 2.365 × 10-4. d. 236.4 × 10-6.
c
For the multiplication of 4.769 m times 7.20 m, the result should be reported with how many significant figures? a. Two b. One c. Three d. Foure. Seven
c
In buying a product, a shopper has a choice of the following amounts, all at the same price. Which is the best buy? a. 432 cc b. 1 pint c. 1 half-liter d. 450 mL
c
Living next to a lake near volcanic activity can be deadly. There can be large amounts of CO2 dissolved in the water. An earthquake, landslide, or even rapid cooling can trigger the release of the CO2, causing death nearby. The water of the lake in these cases is a. an unsaturated solution. b. a saturated solution. c. a supersaturated solution. d. a completely unsaturated solution.
c
Oxygen is supplied to the atmosphere by a. ozone. b. incomplete combustion. c. photosynthesis. d. complete combustion.
c
Radio waves are reflected by which of the following ion layers? a. C b. D c. E d. B
c
Rain that freezes on striking a cold surface gives rise to a(n) ______________ storm. a. hail b. rain c. ice d. snow
c
Take a cup of water, add sugar, and stir. Continue adding sugar and stirring until the sugar crystals no longer dissolve. Then apply heat to dissolve the remaining crystals. If the resulting solution is allowed to slowly cool, the solution is said to be a. an unsaturated solution. b. a saturated solution. c. a supersaturated solution. d. none of these.
c
The coldest region of the atmosphere is the a. stratosphere. b. troposphere. c. mesosphere. d. thermosphere.
c
The fraction of incident light that a body reflects is known as its a. Rayleigh scattering. b. insolation. c. albedo. d. humidity.
c
The heliocentric model of the solar system was developed by a. Brahe. b. Kepler. c. Copernicus. d. Newton.
c
The metric prefix that means one-thousandth (1/1000) is a. kilo-. b. centi-. c. milli-. d. nano-.
c
The name given to the point of a planet's orbit that is closest to the Sun is a. aphelion. b. focus. c. perihelion. d. solstice.
c
The planet Mercury a. has retrograde motion. b. is the closest planet to Venus. c. is the smallest of the terrestrial planets. d. has a uniquely circular orbit.
c
The standard unit of time is the a. hour. b. day. c. second. d. minute.
c
The standard unit of time, the second, is now defined with reference to a. the Earth's revolution period. b. the mean solar day. c. the cesium-133 atom. d. the Earth's rotation period.
c
The stratosphere and the troposphere account for ______________ of the mass of the atmosphere. a. 80% b. 90% c. 99.9% d. 78.1%
c
The third brightest object in the sky is a. the Sun. b. the Moon. c. Venus. d. Mars.
c
When air is cooled below its dew point without condensation, it is said to be a. wet. b. dry. c. supersaturated. d. unsaturated.
c
Which fundamental quantity does the average person measure most often every day? a. Mass b. Length c. Time d. Electric charge
c
Which of the following is an essential agent of the Bergeron process? a. Wind b. Carbon dioxide c. Mixing d. Rain
c
Which of the following is formed by direct freezing of water droplets? a. Dew b. Snow c. Sleet d. Frost
c
Which of the following is not a derived quantity? a. Volume b. Speed c. Mass d. Density
c
Which of the following is not a terrestrial planet? a. Earth b. Mars c. Saturn d. Venus
c
Which of the following is the largest dwarf planet? a. Ceres b. Mercury c. Pluto d. Eris
c
Which of the following is the most variable constituent of air? a. Argon b. Oxygen c. Water vapor d. Nitrogen
c
Which of the following radiations is absorbed in the greenhouse effect? a. Ultraviolet only b. Visible only c. Infrared only d. All of these
c
How many valence electrons do the Group 6A elements have? a. 7 b. zero c. 6 d. 1
c?
A standard unit a. is the same in all systems of units. b. may not be fixed in value. c. is found only in the British system. d. is used for taking accurate measurements. e. is found only in the metric system.
d
A tornado warning is issued a. when weather conditions suggest that a tornado might form. b. only when a tornado has been sighted. c. only when a tornado has been indicated on radar. d. when a tornado has been either sighted or indicated on radar.
d
A very tentative explanation of observations of some regularity of nature is a(n) a. scientific law. b. theory. c. experiment. d. hypothesis.
d
An air mass derives its characteristics from its a. temperature. b. surroundings. c. location. d. source region.
d
At 1800 degrees Fahrenheit, this part of atmosphere is heated almost directly by the Sun's rays. a. Stratosphere b. Troposphere c. Mesosphere d. Thermosphere
d
During a severe thunderstorm, it is advisable to a. seek shelter under a tree. b. do laundry or watch TV. c. call someone on the phone. d. do none of these things.
d
In 1869, a major event in the history of chemistry occurred; it was the a. discovery of the law of definite proportions. b. discovery of the octet rule. c. discovery of the law of conservation of mass. d. development of the periodic table.
d
It is believed that excessive CO2 emissions will cause a. a decrease in Earth's average temperature. b. a decrease in Earth's average rainfall. c. an increase in Earth's average rainfall. d. an increase in Earth's average temperature.
d
Our senses may obtain less-than-accurate information concerning our physical world because they a. have limited sensitivity. b. have a limited range. c. are useless. d. can be deceived.
d
Rounding the number 200.601 to three significant figures a. gives 199. b. gives 200. c. gives 200.601 d. gives 201. e. cannot be done.
d
The Jovian planets a. are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium. b. have no solid surface. c. have rings. d. all of these.
d
The geocentric model of the solar system is attributed to a. Kepler. b. Brahe. c. Copernicus. d. Aristotle. e.Ptolemy
d
The greater amount of substance in a solution is generally called the a. salt. b. solute. c. molar concentrate. d. solvent.
d
The ozone layer causes a temperature increase in the a. thermosphere. b. mesosphere. c. troposphere. d. stratosphere.
d
The principal gases responsible for the greenhouse effect are a. water vapor and oxygen. b. oxygen and nitrogen. c. carbon dioxide and nitrogen. d. carbon dioxide and water vapor.
d
The process by which raindrops are formed by the collision of droplets is called a. the Bergeron process. b. fusion. c. fission. d. coalescence.
d
The study of astronomy involves a. space. b. energy. c. matter. d. all of these.
d
The symbol for potassium is a. Pm. b. Po. c. P. d. K.
d
The terrestrial planets and the Jovian planets are distinguished from each other in terms of a. density only. b. size only. c. temperature only. d. all of these.
d
The terrestrial planets have a. relatively high densities. b. solid surfaces. c. weak magnetic fields. d. all of these.
d
When multiplying and/or dividing quantities, you should report a. the result rounded to the same number of digits as there are in the quantity with the greatest number of significant figures. b. all the digits that show on your calculator. c. only whole numbers. d. the result rounded to the same number of digits as there are in the quantity with the least number of significant figures.
d
Which of the following is not a standard metric unit? a. Kilogram b. Meter c. Second d. Gram
d
Which of the terrestrial planets has rings? a. Mercury b. Venus c. Mars d. None of the terrestrial planets has rings.
d
Which planet moves the fastest? a. Earth b. Mars c. Venus d. Mercury
d
What are some of the components of hygroscopic nuclei?
dust, smoke, soot, salt, or other small airborne particles
An object's weight would be different on Earth and on the Moon. Which of the following would also be different? a. Mass density b. Mass c. Length d. Volume e. None of these
e
Know the different types of precipitation
rain, snow, sleet, hail, dew, or fog
What are the main physical characteristics that distinguish an air mass
temperature, moisture content
What is a semimajor axis, what information do we gain from it?
the average distance between the Earth and the Sun = Astronomical Unit (AU) = 1.5×108 km
What is albedo, what is earth's albedo?
the fraction of the incident sunlight reflected by an object (Ability of a surface to reflect light) Earths Albedo is about 33%
What are the components of the atmosphere
variable/non variable gas, varying amounts of suspended liquid droplets, and solid particles nitrogen and oxygen make up close to 99% of air near the Earth, as well as Argon and Carbon Dioxide