psych quiz 2

How does the term Gestalt relate to the psychological study of perception?

Perception involves more than simply combining sensory stimuli; therefore, perception is studied as Gestalt.

Which of the following is an example of a variable interval reinforcement schedule?

Winona checks her cellphone at random times throughout the day instead of every time she hears the voicemail notification

Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________.

instincts

Suppose you are watching a movie on a large screen. For a fraction of a second, the words "Drink Cola" flash on the screen. You do not perceive the words "Drink Cola" because it is beyond your absolute threshold. In this example, the message "Drink Cola" is an example of ________.

a subliminal message

If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior ________.

after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character

Which of the following statements about algorithms is false?

algorithms are used in our everyday lives

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that are always exhibited, such as what defines different basic shapes.

artificial

After the first few months of life, babies enter what is known as the ________ stage, during which time they tend to produce single syllables, such as buh-buh, that are repeated over and over.

babbling

Identify the major flaw with John B. Watson's Little Albert experiment.

it is unethical for a researcher to induce fear in a child, since it is harmful to induce fear

Which of the following is a criticism of the Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf research on language?

it was not empirical

Felix is riding his bicycle. His ability to sense how his torso is adjusting to the speed of his cycling and how his legs are pumping up and down is called ________.

kinesthesia

Which term describes a communication system that uses systematic rules to organize words to transmit information from one individual to another?

language

Julian watches his grandfather repair watches. As Julian matures he imitates what his grandfather does, and then his grandfather shows him more complicated techniques. Eventually, Julian is as proficient at repairing watches as his grandfather. This exemplifies ________.

learning

According to Albert Bandura, ________.

learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say

At the point of the optic chiasm, information from the right visual field (which comes from both eyes) is sent to the ________ side of the brain, and information from the left visual field is sent to the ________ side of the brain.

left; right

In a normal-sighted individual, the ________ will focus images perfectly on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the ________.

lens; fovea

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language?

lexicon

Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his keychain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________.

mental set

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence

musical

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________.

negative reinforcement

Tyrahn's rods do not transform light into nerve impulses as easily and efficiently as they should, so he has difficulty seeing in dim light. This is called ________.

night blindness

Dymesha watches her older sister do headstands. Dymesha falls over when she attempts to do a headstand herself. She watches her older sister more carefully, and she notices that her sister leans backward slightly to complete her headstand. Dymesha is then able to do headstands herself. Which type of learning is this?

observational

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

operant conditioning

Anwar dresses for a cold fall day and steps outside to find it sunny and hot. He goes back inside to change out of his sweater and jeans into a shirt and shorts. Anwar is demonstrating the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

practical

Which of the following is not one of the four indices of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children?

processing memory

Which of the following is an example of latent learning?

remembering where the nearest gas station is when you unexpectedly run out of gas during your morning commute

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way.

role

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?

shaping

Catherine is at a crowded baseball game when she loses track of her son, Nick. Despite the loud cheering and noise of the crowd, she can pinpoint his location when he calls for her because she can distinguish the sound of his voice from the all the other voices. This illustrates ________ theory.

signal detection

Congenital deafness refers to deafness ________.

since birth

Mikel can look at an engineering plan and quickly build a scale model. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

spatial

If a slamming door is a conditioned stimulus, then being able to distinguish between the sound of a slamming door and the sound of a heavy item being dropped would represent ________.

stimulus discrimination

Which of the following exemplifies gustation?

tasting freshly caught salmon

Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

teaching yourself yoga while watching a yoga group in the park

Which of the following statements about the vestibular sense is false?

the vestibular sense is divided into olfaction, gustation, and audition.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In operant conditioning, organisms learn to associate events that repeatedly happen together.

the word "operant" should be changed to the words "classical"

Which of the following statements about olfactory receptors is false?

they are bulb-like structures at the tip of the frontal lobe where the olfactory nerves begin.

Why are olfaction and gustation called chemical senses?

they have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe.

What has research by Goolkasian & Woodbury (2010) demonstrated about pattern perception?

those who are given verbal priming produce a biased interpretation of complex ambiguous figures.

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts?

top-down

Honeybees can see light in the ________ range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

ultraviolet

Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

variable interval

Which researchers suggested that language determines thought?

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf

Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment?

Jeong observes Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his carrots.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true "Arthur Jensen theorized that Level I intelligence is responsible for conceptual and analytical abilities while Level II intelligence is responsible for rote memorization."

The placement of the phrases "Level I" and "Level II" should be switched.

The visible spectrum refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we ________.

can see

Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events?

classical conditioning

Mabel clicks her tongue while tickling Francis. Eventually, Francis starts to squirm and giggle every time Mabel clicks her tongue, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, tongue clicking is a(n) ________.

conditioned stimulus

Ravon was born deaf, so he is diagnosed with ________ deafness.

congenital

Ronaldo was born without the ability to experience pain, though he can perceive temperature differences and changes in pressure. What is his condition called?

congenital analgesia

When an organism receives a reinforcer each time it displays a behavior, it is called________ reinforcement.

continuous

________intelligence is marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation.

creative

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

functional fixedness

Which field of psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure?

gestalt

Which of the following statements about Charles Spearman is false?

he divided intelligence into two components: crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence.

Which of the following statements about Ivan Pavlov is true?

he is known for establishing the principles of classical conditioning

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________.

hindsight bias

What is described by the concept of perception?

how sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

The word ________ is both a morpheme and a phoneme.

i