unit 2 collegeboard

e. 6

A net movement of water into the beaker occurs in which of the following dialysis tubes? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6

Mitochondria are found in most eukaryotic cells and contain their own DNA and ribosomes that are similar to those typical of many prokaryotic cells. Which of the following statements is justified by these observations? A. The mitochondrion is the only location in which eukaryotic cells can synthesize ATP. B. An ancestral cell most likely engulfed anaerobic prokaryote in a relationship that proved beneficial for both cells. C. Mitochondrial membranes provide abundant surface area for reactions because of the infoldings called cristae. D. The mitochondrion plays a role in respiration, but it also stores the cell's extra

B. An ancestral cell most likely engulfed anaerobic prokaryote in a relationship that proved beneficial for both cells.

Which of the following best describes an advantage that eukaryote organisms have over prokaryote organisms? A. Prokaryotes lack a cell membrane and therefore are unable to control what enters or exits the cell. B. Eukaryotes have a nuclear envelope separating their DNA from the rest of the cell, which increases the likelihood of advantageous mutations. C. Eukaryotes have mitochondria and chloroplasts that contain their own genome, which allows the cells to reproduce more rapidly. D. Eukaryotes have organelles that allow for compartmentalization of cellular processes, which increases the efficiency of those processes.

D. Eukaryotes have organelles that allow for compartmentalization of cellular processes, which increases the efficiency of those processes.

c. C

Site of modification and packaging of proteins and lipids prior to export from the cell: a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

e. 5

The contents of which dialysis tube are initially isotonic to the distilled water in the beaker? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5

Which of the following organelles modifies and packages for secretion the materials produced by the ribosomes? a. the chloroplast b. the Golgi apparatus c. the nucleus d. the nucleolus e. the mitochondrion

b. the Golgi apparatus

c. 4

To model a plant cell, a permeable, nonflexible case is placed around each piece of dialysis tubing. The greatest pressure potential will develop within dialysis tube number a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6

b. The contraction rate increases as the osmolarity decreases because the amount of water entering the paramecia by osmosis increases.

a. At higher osmolarity, lower rates of contraction are required because more salt diffuses into the paramecia. b. The contraction rate increases as the osmolarity decreases because the amount of water entering the paramecia by osmosis increases. c. The contractile vacuole is less efficient in solutions of high osmolarity because of the reduced amount of ATP produced from cellular respiration. d. In an isosmotic salt solution, there is no diffusion of water into or out of the paramecia, so the contraction rate is zero.

a. It would gain mass.

a. It would gain mass. b. It would neither gain nor lose mass. c. It would absorb solutes from the surrounding liquid. d. It would lose water until water potential inside the cells is equal to zero. e. The cells of the potato would increase their metabolic activity.

Which of the following best supports the statement that mitochondria are descendants of endosymbiotic bacteria-like cells? a. Mitochondria and bacteria possess similar ribosomes and DNA. b. Mitochondria and bacteria possess similar nuclei. c. Glycolysis occurs in both mitochondria and bacteria. d. Both mitochondria and bacteria have microtubules. e. Neither mitochondria nor bacteria possess chloroplasts.

a. Mitochondria and bacteria possess similar ribosomes and DNA

a. The bag will contain more water than it did in the original condition.

a. The bag will contain more water than it did in the original condition. b. The contents of the bag will have the same osmotic concentration as the surrounding solution. c. Water potential in the bag will be greater than water potential in the surrounding solution. d. Starch molecules will continue to pass through the bag. e. A glucose test on the solution in the bag will be negative.

b. The pores of the bag are larger than the glucose molecules but smaller than the starch molecules.

a. The initial concentration of glucose in the bag is higher than the initial concentration of starch in the bag. b. The pores of the bag are larger than the glucose molecules but smaller than the starch molecules. c. The bag is not selectively permeable. d. A net movement of water into the beaker has occurred. e. The molarity of the solution in the bag and the molarity of the solution in the surrounding beaker are the same.

b. To synthesize and isolate proteins for secretion or for use in the cell

a. To synthesize lipids and modify toxic substances in order to render them harmless b. To synthesize and isolate proteins for secretion or for use in the cell c. To catabolize nutrients and produce ATP for intracellular energy storage d. To synthesize all ribosomal proteins

When a substance moves across the plasma membrane along a concentration gradient at a rate faster than would be expected by simple diffusion alone but without the expenditure of metabolic energy, the process is best described as a. facilitated diffusion b. osmosis c. active transport d. pinocytosis e. the work of an ion pump

a. facilitated diffusion

c. Which molecular substance is actively transported across the plasma membrane?

a. is ATP required for the transportation of sugars across the outer mitochondrial membrane? b. Do the types of phospholipids in a membrane affect the rate at which molecules enter a cell by passive diffusion? c. Which molecular substance is actively transported across the plasma membrane? d. How does temperature affect the movement of molecules into lysosomes?

what is synthesized at the ribosome: a. proteins b. carbohydrates c. nucleic acids d. lipids e. steroids

a. proteins

The salinity of a small inland lake has recently started to increase. Researchers are planning to study the lake over several decades to investigate how freshwater organisms survive significant changes in their natural habitat. Which of the following physiological mechanisms will the researchers most likely observe among the surviving organisms in the lake? a. Prokaryotic organisms will use various mechanisms to counteract swelling of cells as a result of increased water uptake. b. Single-celled organisms will use various mechanisms to counteract the increased flow of water from cells to the environment. c. Eukaryotic organisms will use various mechanisms to counteract the diffusion of positively charged ions across the cell membrane. d. Multicellular organisms will use various mechanisms to counteract the loss of cell adhesion as a result of calcium deficiencies.

b. Single-celled organisms will use various mechanisms to counteract the increased flow of water from cells to the environment.

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are related in that both a. require protein carriers b. depend on a concentration gradient c. occur via contractions of cytoskeletal elements attached to membrane proteins d. are endergonic processes and thus require the hydrolysis of ATP e. occur in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells

b. depend on a concentration gradient

Contains hydrolytic enzymes associated with the intracellular digestion of macromolecules a. centriole b. lysosome c. nucleolus d. peroxisome e. ribosome

b. lysosome

The function of which of the following organelles directly requires oxygen? a. ribosome b. mitochondrion c. nucleus d. centriole e. Golgi apparatus

b. mitochondrion

Which of the following components of the cell membrane is responsible for active transport? a. phospholipid b. protein c. lipid d. phosphate e. cholesterol

b. protein

Which of the following is a characteristic of mitochondria and chloroplasts that supports the endosymbiotic theory? a. Both have bacteria-like polysaccharide cell walls. b. Both can reproduce on their own outside of the cell. c. Both contain DNA molecules. d. Both contain endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies. e. Both contain ribosomes that are identical to ribosomes of the eukaryotic cytoplasm.

c. Both contain DNA molecules

If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited? a. Movement of oxygen into a cell b. Movement of water through aquaporins c. Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient d. Facilitated diffusion of a permeable substance

c. Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common? a. A membrane-bound nucleus b. A cell wall made of cellulose c. Ribosomes d. Flagella or cilia that contain microtubules e. Linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein

c. Ribosomes

A prokaryotic cell has which of the following? a. centrioles b. lysosomes c. plasma membrane d. mitochondria e. endoplasmic reticulum

c. plasma membrane

A cell is treated with a drug that prevents the formation of new lysosomes. The cell continues to transcribe the genes that code for the hydrolytic enzymes that are normally found in lysosomes and continues to translate the mRNAs for those proteins on membrane-bound ribosomes. The hydrolytic enzymes are most likely to accumulate in which of the following cellular structures? a. nucleus b. mitochondrion c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum d. Golgi complex

d. Golgi complex

All of the following cell components are found in prokaryotic cells EXCEPT a. DNA b. ribosomes c. cell membrane d. nuclear envelope e. enzymes

d. nuclear envelope

Which of the following are characteristic of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? a. Cytoplasm and a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a membrane b. Membranous sites of ATP synthesis, Golgi complex, and ribosomes c. Mitochondria, nucleus, and ribosomes d. Cell wall, several chromosomes, and cytoplasm e. Cell membrane, ribosomes, DNA, and RNA

e. Cell membrane, ribosomes, DNA, and RNA

Which of the following provides the weakest evidence that mitochondria were once free-living prokaryotes? a. Mitochondrial ribosomes resemble those of prokaryotes. b. Mitochondria have DNA that is circular and does not have associated protein. c. Enzyme pathways on mitochondrial membranes resemble those found on modern prokaryote membranes. d. Mitochondria reproduce by a process similar to binary fission. e. Mitochondria and prokaryotes both are found in a variety of sizes.

e. Mitochondria and prokaryotes both are found in a variety of sizes.

b. B

evolved from a photoautotrophic prokaryote a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

a. A

site of conversion of chemical energy of glucose to ATP: a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

d. D

site of transport of materials into and out of the cell: a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E