Unit 2 - Energy - Review Questions

How do particles move in solids, liquids, and gases?

L2 -The particles in a solid do not move around much. The particles in a liquid move much more freely than the particles in a solid. They slide past and tumble over each other. The particles in a gas are far apart, move at high speeds, and collide with one another.

Give an advantage and disadvantage of nuclear power.

L4 - do not produce carbon dioxide, but they produce harmful radioactive wastes that must be safely stored.

Give an advantage and disadvantage of hydroelectric power.

L4 - powered by the water cycle, so it is a renewable resource. However, flooding the land to produce reservoirs can destroy habitats, and dams can disrupt migratory paths of fish and lead to erosion.

What are two characteristics of electromagnetic energy? Examples of EM energy.

L1 - 1.transmitted through space in the form of electromagnetic waves. 2.vibration of electrically charged particles. Examples include visible light, X-rays, and microwaves.

What are three types of potential energy?

L1 - Gravitational, elastic, and chemical

What forms of energy can you identify in a pinball game? Describe at least three types.

L1 - Kinetic - energy of movement - the pinball is moving; Sound - the sound the game makes when the pinball hits something; Electrical - the lights are powered by electrical energy; Potential - pinball machines are normally at an incline which gives the ball height; Mechanical energy - machine has both potential and kinetic energy

What are two types of energy?

L1 - Kinetic and Potential Energy

Kinetic energy depends on what?

L1 - The amount of KE an object has depends on mass and speed.

What does chemical energy depend on?

L1 - The amount of chemical energy depends on the kinds of atoms and their arrangement.

What does thermal energy depend on?

L1 - The faster the molecules in an object move, and the more particles the object has, the more thermal energy it has.

What is the law of conservation of energy?

L1 - The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only change forms.

What is the source of nuclear energy?

L1 - The nucleus of an atom is the source of nuclear energy.

When is nuclear energy released?

L1 - When an atom's nucleus breaks apart, or when the nuclei of two small atoms join together, energy is released.

Can objects have potential and kinetic energy at the same time? Give an example.

L1 - Yes. A skater has kinetic energy as he moves down a ramp and potential energy due to his position on the ramp.

What forms can energy take? What are the units for energy?

L1 - mechanical, sound, electromagnetic, electrical, chemical, thermal, and nuclear energy. The units for energy are Joules.

What is an energy transformation? Give an example of an energy transformation.

L1 - when energy changes from one form into another form. Example: In a flashlight, chemical energy is transformed into electrical energy.

Why do particles have kinetic energy?

L2 - Because the particles are in motion, they have kinetic energy.

What temperature scales use degrees? What temperature scale is most commonly used in the world?

L2 - Celsius and Fahrenheit use degrees. The most commonly used temperature scale in the world is Celsius.

Where is the Fahrenheit scale most commonly used? Who uses the Kelvin temperature scale?

L2 - Fahrenheit is most commonly used in the United States. Physicists use the Kelvin scale.

How does temperature relate to kinetic energy?

L2 - Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object.

How are kinetic energy and motion related?

L2 - The faster they move, the more kinetic energy they have.

What is the kinetic theory of matter?

L2 - The kinetic theory of matter states that all of the particles that make up matter are constantly in motion.

How is temperature measured? (three ways)

L2 - There are 1. three common temperature scales. They all 2. measure the average kinetic energy of particles. The scales are called 3. Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.

What are the sources of energy? (two sources)

L4 -1. The sun is Earth's main source of energy. 2. Useful chemical energy is sometimes stored in minerals.

How is heat related to thermal energy? (three ways)

L3 - 1. Thermal energy and temperature are properties of a substance. Heat is the energy involved when these properties change. 2. Even though two materials might have the same temperature, their thermal energies might be different. 3. Thermal energy depends on how many particles are present in the object.

How is heat measured? (two ways)

L3 - 1. calorie (cal). 2. joules (J)

What are typically good conductors? What are examples of good insulators?

L3 - A conductor is a material that transfers heat very well. Metals are typically good conductors. Wood, paper, and plastic foam are examples of good insulators.

What can result in a change of state?

L3 - Adding energy in the form of heat to a substance can result in a change of state. Removing energy in the form of heat from a substance can also result in a change of state.

What emits radiation?

L3 - All objects, including the sun and all living things, emit radiation.

What causes convection current? Give an example of convection.

L3 - Convection currents are due to density differences that result from temperature differences. When water is boiled, the water moves in roughly circular patterns because of convection.

How can heat energy be transferred?

L3 - Energy as heat can be transferred in three main ways: conduction, convection, and radiation.

What is heat? How does energy flow?

L3 - Heat is the energy transferred from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature. Energy in the form of heat always flows from hot to cold.

What is the difference between thermal energy and temperature?

L3 - Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of particles. Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all the particles.

How can heat affect the state of an object?

L3 - The state of a substance depends on the speed of its particles.

What is thermal energy? What are the units for thermal energy?

L3 - Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all particles in a substance. Thermal energy is measured in joules (J).

How are thermal energy and kinetic energy related?

L3 - Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all the particles.

How do we find out how many calories are in food? (two ways)

L3 - To find out how many calories are in food, 1. a sample of food is burned inside an instrument called a calorimeter. 2. The change in temperature in the calorimeter is used to calculate how much energy is released from the food sample.

Give two characteristics of petroleum.

L4 - "1. rock oil." It formed from the remains of single-celled aquatic organisms that lived long ago. 2. After petroleum is mined, it is separated into fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel.

How does acid rain affect the environment? (Give three examples.)

L4 - 1. Acid rain harms aquatic life, 2. damages the leaves of trees, and 3. causes substances toxic to trees to be released from the soil.

Give two characteristics of fossil fuels.

L4 - 1. nonrenewable because they take millions of years to form. 2. produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, as well as harmful acids and other forms of pollution.

How does acid rain form?

L4 - Acid rain forms when carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides combine with water in the air and fall to Earth as rain.

Give two characteristics of coal.

L4 - Coal is a 1. sedimentary rock formed from the remains of dead plants at the bottom of ancient swamps. Coal 2. mining can involve removing soil and rocks or creating deep mines.

Give disadvantages of biomass and examples of biomass.

L4 - Examples of biomass are trees, crops, and decaying organic mater. However, burning biomass releases carbon dioxide.

What transformation do fossil fuels undergo? (three transformations)

L4 - First, raw fossil fuels are 1. obtained by drilling or mining. Then, they are 2. transported, converted into useful forms, stored, and burned for energy. Each transformation 3. can potentially affect the environment in negative ways.

Give an advantage and disadvantage of geothermal energy.

L4 - Geothermal energy is renewable, but it is found only in specific areas on Earth.

What nonrenewable resources are formed from buried organic matter?

L4 - Natural gas and petroleum are formed from buried organic matter.

How do people use energy?

L4 - People use energy to heat and cool their homes, provide light, manufacture goods, produce and prepare food, and move vehicles.

Give an advantage and disadvantage of solar energy.

L4 - Solar energy is free and clean. However, the technologies for solar energy aren't widely used. Also, sunlight does not fall evenly over Earth.

What are some alternative sources of energy? (Six alternative sources of energy)

L4 - Solar energy, nuclear energy, hydroelectric energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, biomass

Give two examples of renewable resources and two examples of nonrenewable resources.

L4 - Some examples of renewable resources are sunlight, wind, trees, and crops. Other examples of nonrenewable resources are coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

Give three characteristics of natural gas.

L4 - Some fossil fuels are gases that became 1. trapped in rock formations. 2. Methane is the main component of natural gas. Natural gas 3. burns more cleanly than other fossil fuels. However, it does produce carbon dioxide upon burning, and leaks can be dangerous.

How does acid rain affect man-made objects?

L4 - The acids in acid rain react with metals, marble, and stone, affecting buildings and statues.

Give an advantage and disadvantage of wind energy.

L4 - Wind energy doesn't produce any pollution. However, it depends on strong winds and can harm birds that fly too close to the blades.