U.S History Unit 3 Summer School

6) In 1888 _____________ was elected 23rd President of the United States.

Benjamin Harrison

supported high tariffs

Benjamin Harrison

When declaring war, the United States promised to recognize _______ as an independent nation.

Cuba

9) Many states passed ___ laws segregating blacks from whites.

"separate but equal"

4) By ____, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and Idaho had granted suffrage to women.

1896

4) The Panama Canal opened in ___.

1914 The initial construction of the Panama Canal was slow. Under new leadership, the work progressed quickly and smoothly. By 1914, just before the outbreak of World War I, the canal was opened.

11) By 1900, _____ states required students to attend school.

34 Horace Mann urged state legislatures to pass compulsory education laws for all children up to a certain age. Massachusetts adopted a compulsory education law in 1852 that required children ages 8 to 14 to attend school. By the turn of the 20th century, 34 states had enacted compulsory education laws.

11) Four regiments of ______ soldiers were among the 15,000 men who fought the Spanish in Cuba.

African-American

7) In 1872 Great Britain agreed to apologize and pay restitution to settle the _____ Claims.

Alabama

Great Britain settled the _______ claims regarding a Confederate raider that terrorized Union shipping.

Alabama The issue regarding British support of the Confederacy during the Civil War has become known as the Alabama Claims because of the CSS Alabama. England had officially remained neutral during the Civil War, but British businessmen had significant trade arrangements with the Southern States. After the war was over, England's support of the Confederacy had put a strain on the diplomatic relations between the two countries, and the United States was seeking financial restitution.

3) ______ is the assimilation of immigrants to America.

Americanization Americanization is the assimilation, or integration, of immigrants to the language, customs, and practices of America. This has not always been an easy task. As a result, immigrants would generally gather together and form their own communities within the cities. This allowed them to speak their native language and maintain the culture that they were accustomed to.

4) At the 1880 Republican national convention, ___ became the first African American to receive votes.

Blanche Kelso Bruce The 1880 Republican national convention is worthy of note because it marked the first time an African American received votes at a major national party convention. Blanche Kelso Bruce, representative from Mississippi, received 8 votes for the vice-presidential nomination.

___ was the first African American to receive votes at a national political convention.

Blanche Kelso Bruce The 1880 Republican national convention is worthy of note because it marked the first time an African American received votes at a major national party convention. Blanche Kelso Bruce, representative from Mississippi, received 8 votes for the vice-presidential nomination.

___ believed African Americans should seek economic stability before equal rights.

Booker T. Washington Most African Americans felt that Reconstruction was a failure. Booker T. Washington, an African-American educator and author of the book, Up from Slavery, stated: "The Reconstruction experiment in racial democracy failed because it began at the wrong end, emphasizing political means and civil rights acts rather than economic means and self-determination."

When completed in 1883, the ____ Bridge was the world's longest suspension bridge.

Brooklyn

8) The ___ completed in New York in 1883 was the longest suspension bridge in the world at the time.

Brooklyn Bridge

20) Who were the Buffalo soldiers and what role did they play in the attack?

Buffalo soldiers were enlisted black men that fought alongside Roosevelt's Rough Riders during the attack. Possible answer

10) A Stalwart, ______, succeeded Garfield.

Chester A. Arthur President Garfield did not die immediately. President Garfield lingered through the summer and died from infection in September 1881. He was the second President to be assassinated. vice President Chester A. Arthur was sworn in as President on September 19 at his home by Justice John R. Brady of the New York Supreme Court.

passed the Pendleton Civil Service Act

Chester Arthur

2) Improved building codes and fire-fighting techniques were the result of the Great _________ Fire.

Chicago

prevented immigration

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

5) The ___ was passed in response to a belief that immigrants were taking jobs belonging to Americans.

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 would have made it illegal for any immigrant from China to be admitted to the United States for twenty years. President Arthur reluctantly signed the bill after Congress drafted a new bill that excluded Chinese immigrants for 10 years. This bill came in response to U.S. citizens feeling that Chinese immigrants were taking jobs that belonged to them.

Late 1800s high schools provided a(n) _______ education designed to prepare students for college and a profession.

Classical

2) Before independence, Panama was part of ___.

Colombia The Isthmus of Panama was under the control of Columbia at the time. Without warning, the Panamanian people revolted from Columbia, seeking independence. The uprising resulted in very little bloodshed, and within three days President Roosevelt recognized the new Republic of Panama.

11) President Roosevelt helped negotiate a treaty ending the Russo-Japanese War in the Far _________.

East President Roosevelt realized that a major victory by either Russia or Japan would upset the delicate balance of power in the Far East. He offered to negotiate a treaty between the countries. In September 1905, Roosevelt met with representatives of the countries in New Hampshire to sign a peace treaty. For his help in ending the Russo-Japanese War, Roosevelt was given the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906.

7) ________ opportunities were important in the Americanization of immigrants.

Education As education opportunities increased for immigrant children, assimilation took place often by the second or third generation. As children attended public school and mingled with children of other ethnic groups, they began to learn English and adopt American customs and practices. When they became adults, many would eventually become Americanized.

9) A muckraker journalist, _______, exposed mistreatment of the mentally ill.

Elizabeth Cochran

Journalist ___ spent 10 days in an asylum to expose mistreatment of the mentally ill.

Elizabeth Cochran Elizabeth Jane Cochran wrote for the New York World under the pen name, Nellie Bly. She wrote a series of articles in 1887 exposing the appalling conditions of a mental asylum and the horrible abuse patients were receiving. She spent 10 days in a hospital experiencing unthinkable abuse. As a result of her articles, the city increased funding to the Department of Charities and Corrections for better care of the mentally ill.

_____ currency has value because a government says it does.

Fiat Fiat money is money that has value because the government has declared it so. Fiat money had no gold or silver backing.

Passage of the ___ Amendment guaranteed a citizen's right to vote regardless of his race.

Fifteenth President Grant worked hard to promote the civil rights of African Americans. He advocated the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The 15th Amendment prohibits the government from denying any citizen the right to vote regardless of his race. Additionally, he signed into law the Naturalization Act of 1870, which allowed the freedmen to become citizens.

_______ was the first country to attempt to construct a canal across the Isthmus of Panama.

France A French construction team first began working on a canal across the Isthmus of Panama that would connect the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean in 1881. After 8 years, they had made little real progress and had run out of money.

3) Devoted to the elimination of alcohol, _______ led the Women's Christian Temperance Union.

Frances Willard

12) The _______ Agreement eased tensions between the United States and Japan.

Gentlemen's The Russo-Japanese War brought an influx of Japanese workers into California. As time progressed, racial tensions increased. In an effort to reduce any further bad feelings with Japan, President Roosevelt persuaded local governments to allow Japanese children into the regular school system and asked the Japanese government to restrict the number of passports issued to Japanese citizens wishing to come to America. This unofficial treaty is known as the Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907. This relaxed tensions between the United States and Japan.

10) Commodore__________ 's destruction of the Spanish fleet protecting _________ Bay paved the way for the Philippine islands to come under American control.

George Dewey Manilla

lead engineer constructing Panama Canal

George Goethals

9) Colonel ________ supervised construction of the Panama Canal, creating a large lake and a series of locks to carry ships over the isthmus.

George Goethals The initial construction of the Panama Canal was slow. Under new leadership, Roosevelt appointed Colonel George Goethals of the Army Corps of Engineers, and the work progressed quickly and smoothly. The creation of Lake Gatun and a series of locks were designed to raise ships up to the lake and lower them back down on the other side. By 1914, just before the outbreak of World War I, the canal was opened.

The ____ Age was a time of American growth and prosperity.

Gilded The period from 1865 to 1900 has been called the Industrial Age, the Railroad Age, and even the Gilded Age. The Gilded Age has to do with an almost unbroken period of growth and prosperity during which the United States recovered from the war and became a world power.

The Compromise of 1877 is called the ___ by black historians.

Great Betrayal Part of the Compromise of 1877 included the removal of all federal troops from the former Confederate states, putting an official end to Reconstruction. Since removal of federal troops from the South meant that Southern lawmakers could once again enact laws restricting the rights of African Americans, the Compromise of 1877 has been called the Great Betrayal by black historians.

The Treaty of Washington settled boundary, shipping, and fishing issues between the United States and _____.

Great Britain

The _______ toured the world to announce that America was a naval power.

Great White Fleet

13) President Roosevelt sent the ______ on a worldwide tour to showcase American naval power.

Great White Fleet Relations between Japan and the United States remained strained because Japan was determined to dominate the Far East. To show Japan and other nations that America was, as Roosevelt had said, "walking softly but carrying a big stick," Roosevelt sent a fleet of sixteen battleships around the world. All sixteen ships were painted a brilliant white. This Great White Fleet sailed to emphasize the power of the U.S. Navy.

served two nonconsecutive terms

Groover Cleveland

____________________ had a reputation for cleaning up corrupt politics.

Grover Cleveland Grover Cleveland was popular within his party because of his integrity and his stand against corruption in government. The Democratic Party was looking for an honest man. Cleveland's "house cleaning" of corrupt political practices got the attention of the Democrats.

13) Select the four countries or territories surrendered by the Spanish in the 1898 Treaty of Paris.

Guam Cuba the Philippines Puerto Rico

Congress annexed ______ in 1898 out of fear of Japanese expansion.

Hawaii While the Spanish-American War was going on, Congress feared that Japan might use the conflict to seize Hawaii. Therefore, on July 8, 1898, during the fighting in Santiago, a joint session of Congress met to annex the Republic of Hawaii, making Hawaii a territory of the United States.

The ______ Riot was an early union rally that turned violent.

Haymarket The Haymarket Riot, which occurred on May 4, 1886, began as a peaceful Knights of Labor rally in Haymarket Square in Chicago. When city police were sent in to disperse the crowd, someone threw a dynamite bomb at the officers. The police opened fire, and before the police could get the crowd under control, seven police officers and four civilians were killed. Dozens were wounded.

What can you tell about Vice President Johnson from this cartoon?

He had the ability to work with both sides in a dispute to bring them together.

What can you tell about President Lincoln from this cartoon?

His strength of character was all that was holding the country up at that time.

introduced concept of graded classes

Horace Mann

4) In the 1850s, _______ began to convince communities to build schools paid for by tax dollars and open to children of all classes.

Horace Mann Horace Mann has been known as the "Father of the Common School Movement." Mann believed that education was the great equalizer of the conditions of men. Horace Mann implemented a system of graded classes in which students were grouped according to their chronological age. This system is still used in most American public schools.

6) Opened by Jane Addams, ___ became the model for settlement houses.

Hull House

12) The ______ Law of 1882 allowed custom officials to reject immigrants who were criminals, mentally ill, or might otherwise burden U.S. taxpayers.

Immigration The Immigration Law of 1882 stated that immigration officials had the right to exclude immigrants who were criminals, those who were mentally ill, or those who would likely become a burden on U.S. taxpayers. This law also levied a $0.50 tax on each immigrant to help defray the cost of the immigration process.

The _____ Law of 1882 allowed customs officials to turn away certain people desiring to live in America.

Immigration The Immigration Law of 1882 stated that immigration officials had the right to exclude immigrants who were criminals, those who were mentally ill, or those who would likely become a burden on U.S. taxpayers. This law also levied a $0.50 tax on each immigrant to help defray the cost of the immigration process.

13) How did the Sixteenth Amendment impact the federal government?

It allowed the government to expand by funding it with revenue from income tax. Possible answer

Six months after taking office, President ___ was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau.

James A. Garfield President Garfield's administration was cut short by an assassin's bullet. On July 2, 1881, Garfield was waiting to catch a train at the Sixth Street Station in Washington. At 9:30 a.m., Charles J. Guiteau walked up behind the President and shot him twice. One bullet grazed his arm, but the other lodged in his back.

8) Republicans compromised on candidate ___________ , and Democrats selected war hero ___________ as their candidates for the 1880 Presidential election.

James A. Garfield Winfield Scott Hancock During the 1880 Presidential election the Republicans finally compromised on James A. Garfield, a congressman from Ohio. The Democrats chose Winfield Scott Hancock of Pennsylvania as the Presidential candidate. The 1880 Presidential election actually had five Presidential candidates, including these of the Greenback, Prohibition, and American parties.

only served six months in office

James Garfield

Tensions with _______ were relaxed after reaching the Gentlemen's Agreement.

Japan The Russo-Japanese War brought an influx of Japanese workers into California. As time progressed, racial tensions increased. In an effort to reduce any further bad feelings with Japan, President Roosevelt persuaded local governments to allow Japanese children into the regular school system and asked the Japanese government to restrict the number of passports issued to Japanese citizens wishing to come to America. This unofficial treaty is known as the Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907. This relaxed tensions between the United States and Japan.

Select four groups of immigrants that formed their own communities.

Jewish Irish Chinese Polish

5) Select six groups of immigrants that formed their own communities.

Jewish, Irish, Chinese, German, Polish, and Italian immigrants

taught that "education is life itself"

John Dewey

7) Educator _______ believed each student had a(n) aptitude that teachers should identify and develop.

John Dewey The leading Progressive educator was John Dewey. Dewey believed that education was the key to changing society, but that some major changes needed to be made in the methods and curriculum of public schools. His philosophy of education was: "Education is a social process. Education is growth. Education, is not a preparation for life; education is life itself." He believed that each child had a certain aptitude for learning. Dewey believed it was the job of the educator to find the aptitude of their students and develop those areas.

17) Which hill did Roosevelt actually ascend?

Kettle Possible answer

_______ journalists exposed corruption and social injustice.

Muckraker During the early years of the 20th century, social problems, questionable business practices, and government corruption came under the scrutiny of the pen. Journalists were not only writing informative articles, they were also trying to influence public opinion for social and political reform. Progressive writers became known as muckrakers. The term muckraker refers to a person whose job is to clean up (rake) the manure (muck) from animal stalls. The goal of the muckrakers was to encourage social and political reform, which was different than yellow journalism.

1) In 1881, the French began efforts to build a canal across the Isthmus of ___.

Panama A French construction team first began working on a canal across the Isthmus of Panama that would connect the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean in 1881. After 8 years, they had made little real progress and had run out of money.

11) Under Arthur, the ______ Reform Act ensured government jobs would be filled based on merit, not patronage.

Pendleton Civil Service In 1883, Congress passed the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act which mandated that government jobs would be filled on the basis of merit - the qualifications of the job applicant - instead of political favors. The Pendleton Act created the United States Civil Service Commission to administer written examinations to civil service applicants and to fill the positions based on test scores and proven results.

jobs based on merit

Pendleton Civil Service Act

The Supreme Court ruling ____ upheld segregation until 1954.

Plessy v. Ferguson Plessy argued that the segregated cars were a violation of his rights, but Judge Ferguson ruled that the state had the right to enforce the Separate Car Act of 1890. Plessy appealed to the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court ruled against Plessy and for Judge Ferguson. This ruling set the stage for 58 more years until the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education overturned the ruling in 1954.

5) The Supreme Court ruling in _________ v. __________ set the stage for 58 more years of legal racial discrimination.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

clarified who can be president

Presidential Succession Act of 1886

_______ sought social, political, economic, and educational reform through government action to improve the general welfare of the people.

Progressives Progressivism is the philosophy of social, political, economical, and educational reform through government action to improve the general welfare of the people. According to Progressive philosophy, the government has the responsibility to provide for the needs of the people: defend the rights and security of all citizens, provide education, and protect the government. This philosophy was in opposition to the intent of the founders of the Constitution.

1) ______ is the philosophy of social, political, economic, and educational reform through government action to improve the general welfare of the people.

Progressivism

Support for the ______ Strike brought the nation's railroads to a standstill.

Pullman In 1894, 4,000 workers of the Pullman Palace Car Company near Chicago, Illinois, went out on strike over reduced wages. The management of Pullman refused to listen to the demands of the workers, so the strike continued. With the trains not running, businesses in the nation were severely crippled. When the Pullman strike ended, the other striking railroad workers also went back to work.

8) The _______ Food and Drug Act sought to prevent the sale of impure food and drugs.

Pure

The ___ prevents the sale of unsafe edible items.

Pure Food and Drug Act Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906. This act was designed to prevent impure food and drugs from being sold. Content labeling was also required so the public would know exactly what it was getting with packaged food and drugs.

10) The ______ effectively made the United States the policeman of international affairs in Latin America.

Roosevelt Corollary President Roosevelt issued a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. The Roosevelt Corollary stated that the United States would intervene in conflicts between Latin American countries and European countries who were trying to enforce claims on the Latin American countries. Basically, this made the United States the policeman of international affairs between Latin America and Europe.

The _______ let European nations know that the United States would assume responsibility for policing Latin America.

Roosevelt Corollary President Roosevelt issued a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. The Roosevelt Corollary stated that the United States would intervene in conflicts between Latin American countries and European countries who were trying to enforce claims on the Latin American countries. Basically, this made the United States the policeman of international affairs between Latin America and Europe.

_______ won the popular vote in 1876, but lost the election due to illegal electoral votes.

Samuel J. Tilden More than 9 million voters went to the polls on Election Day, and when the votes were counted, Samuel J. Tilden had won the popular vote by fewer than 250,000 votes. This gave him 51% of the popular vote, but he did not have enough electoral votes to win the election. Tilden ended up with 184 electoral votes and Rutherford B. Hayes had 185 electoral votes. Hayes was declared the winner.

Lt. Colonel Theodore Roosevelt led a decisive charge to capture ______ during the Spanish-American War.

San Juan Heights Roosevelt's Rough Riders were commanded to capture a fortified position at San Juan Heights just outside of Santiago. San Juan Heights consisted of two hills - San Juan Hill and a second hill that the soldiers named Kettle Hill. In a daring move as the U.S. troops were pinned down between the two hills, Lt. Colonel Roosevelt decided to charge up Kettle Hill. His men rallied behind him and stormed the Spanish position, overrunning them. With Kettle Hill in U.S. hands, it was only a short time before San Juan Hill was taken.

___ was a missionary and Hawaii's first territorial governor.

Sanford B. Dole Sanford B. Dole was born in Hawaii in 1844. The son of Protestant missionaries, he was educated in the United States then returned to Hawaii. He served as a member of the government. When Hawaii became a territory, he served as territorial governor.

broke up monopolies

Sherman Antitrust Act

encouraged bimetallism

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

High tariffs affected the ability of _____ farmers to purchase needed equipment.

Southern The McKinley Tariff raised the tariff even higher on imported manufactured products, certain raw materials, and agricultural products while removing tariffs on certain products. It hurt Southern farmers most because it raised the cost of the farm equipment needed to import, but it did not increase the process on agricultural goods they needed to export.

Possible trade disruptions, financial investments, and alleged inhumane treatment against Cubans led the United States to declare war against _____.

Spain

Which term describes conservative Republicans?

Stalwarts The Republicans were experiencing political strife, having split into two factions - the Stalwarts and the Half-Breads. The Stalwarts were the ultraconservative members of the party - former Radical Republicans - who favored patronage and opposed attempts by President Hayes to restore the economical, social, and political strength of the Southern States. The Half-Breeds were the more moderate Republicans, who opposed patronage and supported the President in his attempts to restore the South.

6) Republicans split into a conservative faction, the __________ , and a moderate faction, the _____________ .

Stalwarts Half-Breads The Republicans were experiencing political strife, having split into two factions - the Stalwarts and the Half-Breads. The Stalwarts were the ultraconservative members of the party - former Radical Republicans - who favored patronage and opposed attempts by President Hayes to restore the economical, social, and political strength of the Southern States. The Half-Breeds were the more moderate Republicans, who opposed patronage and supported the President in his attempts to restore the South.

This organization of politicians and wealthy financiers controlled New York politics for decades.

Tammany Hall

In the late 1800s, states began to open public schools funded by _______.

Tax Dollars

15) Who were the Rough Riders?

The Rough Riders were the First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment. The volunteers were gathered from the southwestern states. The men came from diverse backgrounds including cowboys, prospectors, Native Americans, hunters, and college students. The prerequisites were shooting and riding skills. Possible answer

6) What best describes how the United States overcame the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty to construct the Panama Canal?

The United States negotiated out of the treaty since Great Britain had no interest in building a canal. The United States agreed to allow anyone to use the canal and to not take over Panama. The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty made in 1850 between the U.S. and England stipulated that neither country would gain exclusive control of a canal built through Central America. When Great Britain no longer had interests in that part of the world, eliminating the treaty was not difficult. The terms that were negotiated included allowing the canal to be open to all nations and the United States would not take the canal zone by force.

8) What best describes how the United States overcame logistics to construct the Panama Canal?

The United States realized the health of its workers was important. Colonel William Gorgas greatly reduced the threat of yellow fever. Creating a lake with a lock system reduced the amount of excavating.

7) What best describes how the United States overcame control of the Canal to construct the Panama Canal?

The United States supported a Panamanian revolt against Colombia, opening the way for the United States to negotiate terms for constructing and maintaining the canal.

7) What was the intent of the Desert Land Act and Timber and Stone Act of 1878?

The intent was to encourage development of land that was considered unfit for traditional farming methods. The Desert Land Act of 1877 provided for 640 acres to anyone who would agree to irrigate and cultivate the land within three years. The Timber and Stone Act of 1878 was designed to encourage development of western forest land.

negotiated treaty ending Russo-Japanese War

Theodore Roosevelt

12) Lt. Colonel __________ led a decisive charge against Spanish fortifications of ___________ Heights.

Theodore Roosevelt San Juan

14) Which best describes Theodore Roosevelt's life up until July 1, 1898?

Theodore Roosevelt grew up in New York City as a sickly child. He developed a love for zoology. He graduated from Harvard and went on to law school. He dropped out to run for the New York Assembly. His first wife and his mother died on the same day in 1884. For a while he lived on a ranch in North Dakota and served as a deputy sheriff. He reentered politics where President McKinley appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Navy. After the United States declared war against Spain, Roosevelt resigned and began forming the Rough Riders. Possible answer

What can you tell from this cartoon about Lincoln and Johnson?

They disagreed on how to repair the rift and worked against each other.

___ was blamed for the Long Depression.

Ulysses S. Grant In 1873, an event occurred that kept President Grant from winning a third term. This was an economic downturn that has been called the Long Depression. The Long Depression began in Germany and quickly spread around the world. The effects of this downturn were felt in the railroad and banking industries. The Long Depression lasted until 1879.

7) The Jungle, written by ________ exposed unsanitary and unsafe practices in meatpacking houses.

Upton Sinclair

5) The ___ began when European countries demanded restitution for citizens after a civil war.

Venezuelan crisis Many Europeans were living in Venezuela. Following a civil war, the countries of England, Germany, and Italy demanded that Venezuela pay them for damages done to property owned by Europeans. The demands were not met and a conflict ensued.

___ believed the government had a duty to enforce civil rights for African Americans.

W. E. B. Du Bois W. E. B. Du Bois, an African-American sociologist, historian, and co-founder of the NAACP, had a different view and emphasis concerning the rights of African Americans. He disagreed with Washington that the basic need of African Americans was economic. He believed that immediate civil rights, as guaranteed by the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments should be granted to all African-American citizens.

reduced yellow fever deaths in the Canal Zone

William Gorgas

3) Colonel ___ was instrumental in reducing the impact of yellow fever in the Canal Zone.

William Gorgas The region posed serious health hazards, such as malaria and yellow fever. Colonel William Gorgas, an army medical doctor, had greatly reduced the problem of yellow fever n Cuba after the Spanish-American War. He was given the same task in the Canal Zone. Gorgas drained many swamps and other breeding places of the mosquitoes that carried the disease. He did not completely eliminate the disease, but he was able to greatly reduce its impact.

______ journalism printed sensational and often untrue information.

Yellow Yellow journalism is a type of journalism that purposely distorts, exaggerates, or fabricates facts in order to sell more publications. The practice of yellow journalism has been around as long as newspapers and magazines have been printed. It was most prominent in the last decade of the 1800s with the publication war between the New York World and the New York Journal.

The integration of immigrants into American culture is known as _______.

americanization

The foundational principle of ______ is that the individual is the highest authority.

anarchism Anarchism is the philosophy of the individual as supreme authority, seeking the overthrow of all forms of established government. Review the anarchism section from Lesson 3.

6) Select the three "R's" taught in elementary schools.

arithmetic writing reading

9) Six months after taking office, President Garfield was _______ by Charles J. Guiteau.

assassinated President Garfield's administration was cut short by an assassin's bullet. On July 2, 1881, Garfield was waiting to catch a train at the Sixth Street Station in Washington. At 9:30 a.m., Charles J. Guiteau walked up behind the President and shot him twice. One bullet grazed his arm, but the other lodged in his back.

The Panama Canal opened _______.

before World War I

designed for use on hilly terrain

cable car

3) President Hayes began ___ reform in an effort to end patronage.

civil service One of President Hayes' most significant contribution to domestic issues was his attempt to reform the system for hiring civil service employees. Civil service employees are government employees who are responsible for the public administration of the government or who work in departments of the government that are outside the legislative, judicial, or administrative branches of the government.

10) High schools emphasized a ______ education that prepared students for college.

classical High school taught a classical education that stressed history and foreign languages, such as Latin and Greek. They were designed to prepare a student for college so that he or she could pursue a profession. Elementary schools taught the three "R's" of reading, writing, and arithmetic. They were designed to give a student the skills needed to work on the farm or in the factory or business. After 1910, communities began providing free public education.

The United States supported Panama's independence from _______.

colombia

9) Horace Mann thought school attendance should be _____.

compulsory Horace Mann has been known as the "Father of the Common School Movement." Mann believed that education was the great equalizer of the conditions of men. Horace Mann implemented a system of graded classes in which students were grouped according to their chronological age. This system is still used in most American public schools. Horace Mann also urged state legislatures to pass compulsory education laws for all children up to a certain age.

The creation of public schools resulted in _______ attendance.

compulsory Horace Mann urged state legislatures to pass compulsory education laws for all children up to a certain age. Massachusetts adopted a compulsory education law in 1852 that required children ages 8 to 14 to attend school. By the turn of the 20th century, 34 states had enacted compulsory education laws.

living

corruption

2) Select the needs of people Progressives believe government has the responsibility to provide. Select all that apply.

defend the rights and security of all citizens provide education protect the environment

1) Previous to the 20th century most schools were funded by _______ or by charging tuition.

donations During the Progressive Era, there was a dramatic shift in education in America. Prior to the 20th century, most school were privately funded either by donations within a community or by charging tuition. As a result, education was limited to those who could afford it. As times changed, public school - schools that were funded by tax dollars and open to all students - began to appear.

2) As a whole, society did not see the need for ______________.

education Society, as a whole, did not see the need for formal education of children. Boys would do what their fathers did and girls were expected to learn domestic skills. The little bit of reading, writing, and math needed to carry out those tasks could be taught at home.

6) Assimilation of immigrants often did not take place until the second or third _____.

generation As education opportunities increased for immigrant children, assimilation took place often by the second or third generation. As children attended public school and mingled with children of other ethnic groups, they began to learn English and adopt American customs and practices. When they became adults, many would eventually become Americanized.

Complete assimilation of immigrants typically took two or three _______.

generations As education opportunities increased for immigrant children, assimilation took place often by the second or third generation. As children attended public school and mingled with children of other ethnic groups, they began to learn English and adopt American customs and practices. When they became adults, many would eventually become Americanized.

5) Horace Mann introduced a system of _______ classes, grouping students by age.

graded Horace Mann has been known as the "Father of the Common School Movement." Mann believed that education was the great equalizer of the conditions of men. Horace Mann implemented a system of graded classes in which students were grouped according to their chronological age. This system is still used in most American public schools. Horace Mann also urged state legislatures to pass compulsory education laws for all children up to a certain age.

horse-drawn coach using rails

horse railway

2) Immigrants introduce ______ and ______ that blend with the existing customs to form a culture that is unique to that region.

ideas customs America has long been known as a "melting pot" of cultures. People from other lands and cultures who have made America their home have adopted the language, customs, and practices of a region in which they settled. In many cases, immigrants have introduced new ideas and customs that have blended with the existing customs to form a culture that is unique to that region.

What was a positive result of the Great Chicago Fire?

improved building codes and materials The Great Chicago Fire was an important moment in American history that had positive results, even though it was a national tragedy. Similar fires occurred in other cities during this time. These incidents would improve building codes, water delivery systems, and other fire-fighting techniques.

The Sixteenth Amendment provided for the creation of a national ____ tax.

income On February 3, 1913, the Sixteenth Amendment was ratified. This amendment allowed the federal government to collect an income tax from wage earners in the U.S. An income tax was levied to pay for all the new Progressive programs. It was also created due to the fact the Prohibition Movement was gaining momentum.

What was a benefit of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

increased awareness of working conditions In July 1877, the nation was still in the grips of the Long Depression. Many businesses were suffering and many workers were unemployed. Those who still had jobs had their salaries cut. B&O Railroad workers walked off the job in Martinsburg, West Virginia. This began the Great Railroad Strike. Workers refused to move any of the locomotives until the management agreed to restore their wages. The strike additionally raised awareness regarding the working conditions on the railroads.

Citizens work together to place a measure on a ballot in an attempt to make it a law.

initiative

Constructing the Panama Canal required creation of a large _______ to minimize excavation.

lake The initial construction of the Panama Canal was slow. Under new leadership, Roosevelt appointed Colonel George Goethals of the Army Corps of Engineers, and the work progressed quickly and smoothly. The creation of Lake Gatun and a series of locks were designed to raise ships up to the lake and lower them back down on the other side. By 1914, just before the outbreak of World War I, the canal was opened.

3) Progressives view the Constitution as a "________" document designed to be changed.

living

Progressives interpreted the Constitution as a(n) ____ document.

living Progressivism was in opposition to the intent of the founders of the Constitution. Times had changed, and the Progressives were calling for a change. When accused of being "unconstitutional," Progressives would point out that the Constitution is a "living" document that was designed so that it could be changed as the needs of society changed.

The Jungle, by Upton Sinclair, exposed unsafe and unsanitary practices in the ___ industry.

meatpacking In 1906, Upton Sinclair published a novel entitled The Jungle, which exposed and criticized practices in the large meatpacking houses of Chicago. Sinclair was a Progressive member of the Socialist Party. Sinclair said: "I aimed at the public's heart, and by accident, I hit it in the stomach." Public reaction to The Jungle resulted in the passage of the Meat Inspection Act in 1906.

The diverse cultures of America have been described as a great _______.

melting pot

1) America has long been known as a(n) "_______" of cultures.

melting pot America has long been known as a "melting pot" of cultures. People from other lands and cultures who have made America their home have adopted the language, customs, and practices of a region in which they settled. In many cases, immigrants have introduced new ideas and customs that have blended with the existing customs to form a culture that is unique to that region.

6) Progressive journalists known as ________ wrote magazine articles exposing political and industrial corruption.

muckrakers

A(n) ______ was a Republican who supported Grover Cleveland's first Presidential bid.

mugwump Division within the Republican Party was so severe that a large fraction within the party decided to throw their support to Grover Cleveland. These fence-straddling Republicans became known as Mugwumps. The term "mugwump" was said to be derived from an Algonquin word meaning "important person." Others said it meant that they had "their mug (mouth) on one side of the fence and their wump (rear end) on the other."

horse-drawn coach on a road

omnibus

Progressive politician Robert Marion La Follete, Sr. advocated a(n) ___ to select candidates in general elections.

open primary Progressivism is the philosophy of social, political, economical, and educational reform through government action to improve the general welfare of the people. La Follette, Sr. pushed to establish the open primary system. An open primary system is a method by which voters, rather than political leaders, select candidates to run in general elections.

The rise of _____ can be described as poor working conditions, long hours, and poor wages which led workers to work together to try and improve their lot.

organized labor Labor unions organized as either trade unions or industrial unions. A trade union contained members who all practiced the same trade, such as railroad engineers, teamsters, tool makers, or carpenters. Industrial unions contained members of all the various trades that were practiced within an industry, such as coal mining and steel production. These unions helped improve working conditions, hours, and wages.

President Hayes began civil service reform in order to end ______.

patronage Patronage is the power to appoint people to government jobs or grant political favors. President Hayes believed these positions should be filled based on merit of the job applicant.

Immigrants dealt with _______ and language barriers in coming to America.

prejudice

4) Select two barriers immigrants found in adapting to life in America.

prejudice against immigrants spoke a language other than English

Wyoming was the first state to grant ___ to women.

suffrage Wyoming was the first state to grant suffrage to women. By 1896, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and Idaho had granted women full political privileges, including suffrage, Two leaders in the women's rights movement were Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton. This was a slow process, but as the 20th century opened, more women were attending college, becoming teachers, and entering professions such as law and medicine.

8) "Education is not a _______ for life; education is life itself." —John Dewey

preparation The leading Progressive educator was John Dewey. Dewey believed that education was the key to changing society, but that some major changes needed to be made in the methods and curriculum of public schools. His philosophy of education was: "Education is a social process. Education is growth. Education, is not a preparation for life; education is life itself." He believed that each child had a certain aptitude for learning. Dewey believed it was the job of the educator to find the aptitude of their students and develop those areas.

5) Progressives such as Robert Marion La Follette, Sr. pushed for open ______ systems to select candidates.

primary

2) What was NOT a consequence of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

railroad workers received raises

Citizens gather signatures in order to force a vote to determine whether a public official should remain in office.

recall

Social Progressives believe the ___ of wealth will help the lower class achieve a higher standard of living.

redistribution Progressives feel that it is the responsibility of the government to provide social and welfare programs to help people in the lower class or lower middle class achieve the standard of living as the norm. The redistribution of wealth is accomplished by taxing those whose income is at or above the norm.

Which was NOT a goal of the Progressive movement?

reduce size of government Progressivism is the philosophy of social, political, economical, and educational reform through government action to improve the general welfare of the people. According to Progressive philosophy, the government has the responsibility to provide for the needs of the people: defend the rights and security of all citizens, provide education, and protect the government.

A petition is circulated with the intent of placing a measure on the ballot to repeal a law.

referendum Possible answer

To make ______ is to compensate someone for loss, damage, or injury.

restitution Restitution is compensation paid by an individual or group to another for losses, damages, or injuries inflicted on the other. After the Civil War ended, England's support of the Confederacy had put a strain on the diplomatic relations between the two countries, and the United States was seeking financial restitution.

1) What factor ignited the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

salary cuts In July 1877, the nation was still in the grips of the Long Depression. Many businesses were suffering and many workers were unemployed. Those who still had jobs had their salaries cut. B&O Railroad workers walked off the job in Martinsburg, West Virginia. This began the Great Railroad Strike. Workers refused to move any of the locomotives until the management agreed to restore their wages.

1) Providing clean water and adequate _______ was a challenge in growing cities.

sanitation Possible answer

Which of the following was not important in elementary schools?

science

Many states passed "separate but equal" laws ____ blacks and whites.

segregating The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution gave certain freedoms to African Americans. Most states passed "separate but equal" laws that stated it was legal to segregate blacks from whites as long as separate facilities of equal quality were provided. In practice, the facilities for African Americans were not equal.

The Seventeenth Amendment provided for the direct election of ___.

senators Progressives wanted to place more political power in the hands of the people. The Seventeenth Amendment provides for the direct election of senators. U.S. Senators had previously been selected by legislature of that state. Since the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, U.S. Senators have been elected the way that representatives are elected.

10) Cleveland pushed for repeal of the Sherman _____________ Purchase Act, believing it had contributed to the Panic of 1893.

silver

Before public education, _______ generally placed little value on getting an education.

society Society, as a whole, did not see the need for formal education of children. Boys would do what their fathers did and girls were expected to learn domestic skills. The little bit of reading, writing, and math needed to carry out those tasks could be taught at home.

The Interstate Commerce Commission regulates trade between _________.

states Cleveland signed the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 that created the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to regulate trade between states. The ICC limited the amount that railroads could charge for freight hauled between states.

underground railway system

subway

Which of the following was NOT a government responsibility according to Progressives?

tax each citizen the same Progressivism is the philosophy of social, political, economical, and educational reform through government action to improve the general welfare of the people. According to Progressive philosophy, the government has the responsibility to provide for the needs of the people: defend the rights and security of all citizens, provide education, and protect the government. This philosophy was in opposition to the intent of the founders of the Constitution.

7) Growth of the ___ movement led to the formation of the National Prohibition Party.

temperancce

George Dewey led an American naval force to capture ______.

the Philippines The first major military action in the Pacific occurred in the Philippine Islands. Commodore George Dewey had been issued a command from Teddy Roosevelt to proceed to Manila Bay in the Philippines, and, if war should begin, destroy the Spanish fleet. After a fierce battle, Commodore Dewey had gained control of Manila Bay.

What does the tear in the map of the nation represent?

the division caused by the Civil War

powered by overhead electric wires

trolley car

3) Wealthier families ______ children at home or sent them to __________ schools.

tutored boarding The wealthier classes could have their children tutored at home or they could send to boarding schools where the children lived during the months that school was in session. Many of these children went on to college and learned a profession, such as law or medicine.

6) ______ journalism printed sensational articles in an effort to increase circulation.

yellow