ANTH 210 Chapter 11 Review

Fill In the blank Today _____ people suffer from food insecurity—not knowing where they will get an adequate supply of food for the day. Of those facing food insecurity, 75 percent are ______ and 50 percent are ______. Twenty-five percent of the world's undernourished people are ______. Urban and rural populations are closely connected, as many urban dwellers are migrants and children of migrants from rural peasant communities.

1 billion; rural dwellers; peasant families; urban dwellers;

Identify each statement as an accurate statement about Martinique's Carnival celebration, or not.

Accurate Statement Carnival is a venue for public conversation about the big debates of the day. Carnival includes overt displays of sexuality and gender transgression. Controversy over the Kepone chemical contamination scandal was expressed at Carnival.

Select the highlighted phrases that accurately represent Greta Thunberg's activism. Sixteen-year-old Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg has accused world leaders of acting like irresponsible children. Her first action was in the summer of 2018 when she organized her classmates to sit outside the Swedish parliament. Her actions have inspired widespread student strikes, including on March 15, 2019, when 1.4 million school children walked out of schools in over 100 countries to demand action on climate change.

Accused world leaders of acting like children student strikes 1.4 million children walked out

Stefan Helmreich Book

Alien Ocean

Owen Lattimore

Chinese water management and irrigation farming

Select the highlighted phrases that accurately represent multispecies ethnography. Runa people taught anthropologist Eduardo Kohn interesting insights about jaguars. Jaguars are known to prowl the forest at night and sometimes attack humans. When people consider the jaguar's point of view, better ways of relating come into view. For example, by talking with jaguars during the day, people will be less likely to be attacked at night. Also, by sleeping face up, people will be more likely to be able to use human tools or weapons to maintain a clear boundary between human and animal. The main point is to reorient the human perspective to consider the vantage point of plants, animals, and all living things.

Considering the jaguar's point of view, better ways of relating come into view. The main point is to reorient the human perspective to consider the vantage point of plants, animals, and all living things.

Select the highlighted phrases that provide accurate examples of ecological overshoot. Ecological overshoot occurs when human demands on nature exceed the planet's ability to provide. It also refers to activist efforts that cause more unintentional harm than good. Results of ecological overshoot may include depletion of freshwater systems, collapsing fisheries in the oceans, and gentrification in urban neighborhoods.

Demands on nature exceed the planet's ability to provide depletion of freshwater systems collapsing fisheries in the oceans

Julie Cruikshank Book

Do Glaciers Listen

According to anthropologist Laura Ogden, the major environmental problem in the Everglades is rising ocean levels.

FALSE

True or False: Ecotourism always involves the tourists doing environmental conservation work, such as tree planting.

False

True or False: Studies suggest that as early as 1940 humans began to use more resources than the planet could regenerate.

False. Studies suggest that as early as 1980 humans began to use more resources than the planet could regenerate

Identify each statement as part of the Gimi worldview, or the classic Western worldview.

Gimi Worldview People live as part of their local ecosystem, not outside it People and nature interrelate and influence one another Classic Western Worldview Nature is untouched and exotic Nature must be protected from the activities of people

Eduardo Kohn Book

How forests think

Identify each statement as associated with industrial agriculture and livestock production, or peasants.

Industrial Agriculture and Livestock Production: - produces 25 percent of the global greenhouse emissions Peasants - use fewer fossil fuels and water - smaller-scale production - increased carbon sequestration

Fill in the Blank: Consuming Ocean Island (2014) is an ethnography written by anthropologist ____. It tells the story of the _____ of the South Pacific island Banaba. The people of Banaba were relocated between _____

Katerina Teaiwa; Removal of the surface; 1900-1980

Identify the key threats to the future of humanity.

Key Threat to Future of Humanity climate change population growth the collapse of nation-states poverty

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about the environment intersecting with other systems of power. Anthropologist _____ makes the point that "there is no such thing as a natural disaster." Hurricanes, tsunamis, and earthquakes are all ________. Whether they become disasters, however, is largely determined by ______.

Neil Smith; natural events; social inequality

Fill in the blank: On December 17, 2018, the United Nations finalized the Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and _____ Working in Rural Areas. This declaration raises the visibility of the conditions of rural populations and it provides an internationally accepted _____ that peasant organizations and rural social movements can invoke as they work on some of their most pressing issues: _____, security, and health.

Other People; legal framework; food

The Crater Mountain Wildlife Management Area (CMWMA) is in

PNG

Identify each statement as a problem associated with the building of the Panama Canal, or not.

Problem disruption of the river-based economy submersion of entire riverside towns residents forced to relocate Not a Problem mining for the mineral phosphate

Based on Eduardo Kohn's ethnography, How Forests Think (2013), identify each statement as a reasonable strategy for multispecies ethnography, or not.

Reasonable Strategy see the world through the eyes of an animal investigate the ecological relationships between people and plants

Identify each scenario as a result of ecological overshoot, or not.

Result Fisheries collapse in the oceans. Carbon dioxide builds up in the atmosphere. Freshwater systems are depleted. Not a Result Political systems fail to address environmental crises.

Which statement is true of anthropologist Melissa Checker?

She believes research can be applied, not just extracted for informational purposes.

The sleepy Russian town of Belushya Guba declared a state of emergency when it was overrun by polar bears. This species had never ventured into their town until climate change melted the sea ice, which compromised much of the bears' primary hunting and migration routes. The plight of the bears and the town exemplifies the changes characteristic of

The Anthropocene

The most susceptible to environmental vulnerability are

The people who have benefitted the least from globalization

What is true about the rural peasants who produce much of the world's food supply?

They work the land themselves, relying on the labor of family or other group members.

President Mohamed Nasheed has taken a leading role in environmental efforts. What pledge did he make regarding the Maldives?

To make it the first carbon-neutral country

Bronislaw Malinowski

Trobriand gardens

In Martinique, some people worry that the widespread contamination of environmental toxins is now leading to effeminizing of the male population and an increase in intersex births.

True

Laura Ogden's Swamplife: People, Gators, and Mangroves Entangled in the Everglades (2011) relied on data from oral histories conducted with gladesmen.

True. "Through oral histories Ogden traces the lives of people she calls gladesmen.

Holocene

an era in the past a climate that remained fairly stable for about 12,000 years

What is driving the expansion of the human ecological footprint?

consumerism

Settler colonialism

displacement and pacification of indigenous people and expropriation of their lands and resources

Veronica Davidov found that ecotourists assume

ecotourism helps to save the planet.

Alysse observes how orangutans and humans affect one another through their impacts on forest ecology. She is a(n)

environmental anthropologist.

The study of the relations between humans and the environment is called

environmental anthropology.

Vanessa Agard-Jones's research in Martinique examines the relationship between

environmental estrogens and intersex births.

Fill In the blank Multispecies ethnography includes _____ research designed to consider the interactions of all _____ on the planet and see the world from a _______.

ethnographic species living more than the human perspective.

Damming the Chagres river basin to create the Panama Canal watershed

forced residents of the submerged towns to move.

Julian Steward

indigenous people and land in the Great Basin area of the American West

Based on Eduardo Kohn's ethnography, How Forests Think (2013), which is a reasonable statement for multispecies ethnography?

investigate the ecological relationships between people and plants

Zora Neale Hurston

migrant workers in Florida's Everglades swampland

Bianca is doing participant observation in order to learn more about the relationships between humans and working dogs, such as dogs that help herd, hunt, or police. Her study is an example of

multispecies ethnography.

Anne Spice notes that infrastructure such as oil pipelines has been a tool of

settler colonialism.

Greta Thunberg inspired an international student movement by

skipping school every Friday to demonstrate.

Select the highlighted phrases that accurately represent English naturalist A.R. Wallace's experience in Papua New Guinea. A.R. Wallace spent five months on the coast of Papua New Guinea in 1858 collecting skins and feathers from birds of paradise. He also founded the Crater Mountain Wildlife Management Area conservation effort. He mistakenly thought that there was very little regional trade. Wallace learned that the Gimi had managed their affairs and their ecosystem successfully, without "help" from outsiders.

spent five months on the coast of Papua New Guinea in 1858 collecting skins and feathers from birds of paradise He mistakenly thought that there was very little regional trade Wallace learned that the Gimi had managed their affairs and their ecosystem successfully, without "help" from outsiders.

The current historical era in which human activity is reshaping the planet in permanent ways is called

the Anthropocene.

The sleepy Russian town of Belushya Guba declared a state of emergency when it was overrun by polar bears. This species had never ventured into the town until climate change melted the sea ice, which comprised much of the bears' primary hunting and migration routes. The plight of the bears and the town exemplifies the changes characteristic of

the Anthropocene.

Anthropocene

the current era Humans must adapt to environmental changes that we have set in motion.

The most susceptible to environmental vulnerability are

the people who have benefited the least from globalization.

In Panama, the water for the newly constructed water system supporting the canal was replenished by

the rainforest.

What was the main point of the protests at the Standing Rock Sioux reservation?

to protect indigenous rights, clean water supplies, and Native American burial grounds

Julie Cruikshank studies indigenous knowledge and oral histories in order to

understand indigenous perspectives on the interrelatedness of humans and glaciers.

Select the highlighted phrases that describe common tourist fantasies associated with ecotourism: When people choose ecotourism, it is often because they want to invest their vacation dollars in something meaningful. Ecotourists may arrive in a location with an expectation of pristine nature populated by pristine Indians living in harmony with nature. Along with this view comes the expectation that reality should be concealed, for the sake of pleasure and relaxation. Ecotourists have fun, and also believe that by spending money in this way, they are helping to save the planet.

with an expectation of pristine nature populated by pristine Indians living in harmony with nature believe that by spending money in this way, they are helping to save the planet.