AP CH2 Quiz

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The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are __________

electrons

Which of the following is classified as a protein?

enzyme

Enzymes are examples of _________ proteins

globular (functional)

Which property of water explains its ability to prevent sudden changes in body temperature

high heat capacity

Trans fats are oils that have been solidified by the addition of __________

hydrogen atoms

The nucleotide chains of DNA are held together by __________

hydrogen bonds

Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction?

increased temperature

What type of bond results when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another?

ionic bond

What type of chemical bond is pictured in Figure 2.3

ionic bond

Which of the following elements is needed to make a functional hemoglobin molecule?

iron

Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called

polysaccharides

During a synthesis reaction, amino acids join to form

proteins

The organic compounds that function in building tissues and acting as enzymes are the __________

proteins

The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of __________ an atom contains

protons

The pH scale is based on the number of __________ in a solution

protons

an acid is a molecule that releases (donates)

protons (hydrogen ions)

Two or more polypeptide chains combine to form a complex structure called a __________

quaternary structure

Which of the following may be used in PET scans as biological tracers that can be followed through the body?

radioisotopes

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for __________

surface tension

The growth of cells and repair of worn-out tissues is accomplished by ________

synthesis reactions

Shell 1 of an atom can hold a maximum of __________ electron(s)

2

An atom with 13 electrons will have _____ electrons in the outer most valence shell

3

What is the atomic number of the atom in figure 2.2?

6

Blood pH falls in a narrow range between __________

7.35 to 7.45

Which of the following solutions is the weakest acid?

A solution with a pH of 5.2

Which statement best describes why ATP is an important núcleos acid in the body?

ATP provides a form of chemical energy all body cells can use

Identify the nucleic acid

DNA

What is the function of DNA?

DNA provides instructions for building every protein in the body

A nucleotide of DNA contains three components: _____ , _____ , and _____

Deoxyribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base

Unsaturated fatty acid chains contain one more __________ bonds between carbon atoms

Double

Never impulses involve the flow of an electrical current, a type of energy known as __________ energy

Electrical

Saturated fats are __________

Exist as solids at room temperature

Which statement best describes fibrous proteins?

Fibrous proteins most often appear in body structures

Which carbohydrate is also known as blood sugar?

Glucose

Which of the following DNA base pairs is complementary?

adenine and thymine

The building blocks of proteins are __________

amino acids

Matter is best described as

anything that occupies space and has mass

Elements are composed of building blocks known as

atoms

Enzymes are __________

biological catalysts

The reaction sucrose + water -> glucose + fructose is an example of a(n)

decomposition reaction

Which polysaccharide is formed of linked glucose molecules and stored in animal tissues?

Cellulose

The movement of ions across Palma membranes is an example of _________

Chemical energy

Which of the following lipids is formed of four interlocking carbon rings?

Cholesterol

Which of these vitamins is produced in skin upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation?

Vitamin D

An atom of magnesium has lost two electrons. It is known as a(n) ________.

cation

Isotopes of methane, CH4, is known specifically as a(n) __________

compound

The atomic number of sodium is 11 while the atomic mass number is 23. Which of the following is NOT true of an atom of sodium?

11 neutrons

An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass is __________

14

Which of the following would be classified as an enzyme

Hydrolase

Which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle associated with an atom?

Ion

Which letter represents a globular protein in its quaternary structure

Label B

Which letter represents a carbohydrate polymer

Label C

Which of the following contains sodium?

NaCl

Exchange reactions in which an acid and base interact are known as __________

Neutralization reactions

Letter E represents a núcleos acid building block known as a

Nucleotide

The number of protons always equal the __________ in a neutral atom

Number of electrons

The most common element in the human body is

Oxygen

The atomic mass number of an atom is equivalent to the number of __________

Protons and neutrons

A molecule with the sequence of AUCGUCA should categorized as __________

RNA

Which of the following statements about RNA is true?

RNA is a single nucleotide strand

Which of the following statements about ATP is false?

The phosphate groups of ATP are attracted by high energy hydrogen bonds

The building blocks of a triglyceride are __________

Three fatty acid chains and one glycerol molecule

The complementary base to adenine in a molecule of DNA is

Thymine

Letter D represents the structure of a(n)

Triglyceride

A chemical experiments on a molecule with the formula of C5H10O5. This compound is likely a(n) __________

carbohydrate

Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared

unequally between atoms

Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound?

water

In order to break a disaccharide down into simple sugar units, __________

water molecules must be added to each bond


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