AP Psych. Unit 7 Test

Memory of facts and general knowledge

Semantic Memory

In Aktinson and Shiffrin's three-stage memory processing model we record information in which order?

Sensory memory, Short term memory, Long term memory

the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study

Spacing Effect

Which of the following offers the best explanation for infantile amnesia?

The hippocampus is one of the last brain structures to mature

The inability to remember how Lincoln's head appears on a penny is most likely due to a failure in ____.

encoding

The human capacity for storing long-term memories is ___.

essentially unlimited

The ability to learn how to do something new without any conscious memory of having learned it suggests the need to distinguish between ____.

explicit memory and implicit memory

Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called ____.

flashbulb memories

Which pioneering researcher made extensive use of nonsense syllables in the study of human memory?

Ebbinghaus

After Hughbertina gave her friend the password to a protected website, the friend was able to remember it only long enough to type it into the password box. In this instance, the password was clearly stored in her ____ memory.

short-term

To remember the information presented in her psychology textbook, Hughberette often relates it to her own life experiences. Hughberette's strategy is an example of ____.

elaborative rehearsal

Cerebellum is to ____ memory as hippocampus is to ____ memory

implicit; explicit

Professor McHughbertson has so many memories of former students that she has difficulty remembering the names of new students. The prof. difficulty best illustrates _____.

proactive interference

Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________.

recall; recognition

Words, events, places, and emotions that trigger our memory of the past are called ____.

retrieval cues

After Hughbertha was verbally threatened by someone in a passing car, she was asked whether she recognized the man who was driving the car. Several hours later, Hughbertha mistakenly recalled that the driver was male rather than female. Hughbertha's experience best illustrates ____.

the misinformation effect

The inability to form new memories

anterograde amnesia

While your Mom is lecturing you about cleaning your room, you lose concentration. Then, suddenly you hear the significant words, "no car keys." When she asks, "Are you listening to me?" you are able to repeat the last few things she said before mentioning car keys. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Words stored in echoic memory will last 3 to 4 seconds, so you can still recall her words

Everyday as she walks to school, Hughbertina passes a mural painted on the side of a building. However, when asked, she says she does no remember ever seeing it. Which of the following is the best explanation for this occurrence?

Hughbertina has not paid attention to the incoming information so it was not encoded into long-term memory

Momentary sensory of a visual stimuli that last only .3 seconds

Iconic Memory

On the telephone, Hughbert rattles off a list of 10 grocery items for Hughbertaki attempts to write down the items. He is most likely to forget the items ____.

In the middle of the list

The process of retaining encoded information over time

Storage

Using the mnemonic ROY G BIV to remember the colors of the rainbow in the order of wavelength illustrates the use of _____.

an acronym

Walking into your bedroom you think, "I need to get my backpack in the kitchen." When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by ____.

context effects

Hughbert was feeling depressed at the time he read a chapter of his history textbook. Hughbert is likely to recall best the contents of the chapter when he is ___.

depressed

The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as ____.

long-term potentiation

Memory is best defined as ____.

the persistence of learning through the storage and retrieval of information

You are most likely to automatically encode information about ____.

the sequence of your day's events

"The magical number seven, plus or minus two" refers to the storage capacity of ____ memory.

working

The integration of new incoming information with knowledge retrieved from long-term memory involves the activity of ____.

working memory