ATI GI practice questions

A nurse is preparing dietary instructions for a client who has episodes of biliary colic from chronic cholecystitis. What instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

Avoid foods high in fat Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to follow a low-fat diet to decrease episodes of biliary colic. A client who has chronic cholecystitis has intolerance to fatty foods.

A nurse is assessing a client who has an obstruction of the common bile duct resulting from chronic cholecystitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Fatty stools Rationale: Chronic cholecystitis cocues following several bouts of acute cholecystitis. The repeated episodes of inflammation result in a fibrotic and contracted gallbladder. Because of inflammation in the gallbladder, bile needed to absorb fat and fat-soluble vitamins is unable to enter the bowel, resulting in steatorrhea (fatty stools).

A nurse is providing teaching to a parent of a child who has celiac disease. The nurse should include which of the following food choices for this child?

Rice Rationale: because rice is naturally gluten-free, it is an acceptable food choice for a child who has celiac disease

A nurse is admitting a client with suspected appendicitis. Identify where the nurse will palpate to assess for pain at McBurney's point.

Right lower quadrant Rationale: McBurney's point is located by drawing a line from the navel to the right iliac crest.

A nurse is assessing a client who has a colostomy. What findings should the nurse report to the provider?

The stoma is pale in color Rationale: The stoma should be pinkish to cherry red in color, which indicates an adequate blood supply. If the stoma becomes, pale, bluish, or dark, the nurse should report this finding to the provider immediately.

A nurse is caring for a client who has Crohn's disease. What food choices would follow the recommended diet for clients who have Crohn's disease?

Toast with jelly Rationale: Toast with jelly is an appropriate food choice by the client. It does not contain large amounts of lactose, fat, or fiber.

A nurse is caring for a client following the surgical placement of a colostomy. What statement by the client indicates understanding of the dietary teaching?

"Eating yogurt can help decrease the amount of gas that I have" Rationale: The client who has a colostomy can include yogurt into his diet to help reduce odors and intestinal gas.

A nurse is teaching a client who is preoperative for a colectomy. The client asks the nurse why he needs a large-bore NG tube. How will the nurse respond to this question?

"The tube will remove gas and fluid from your stomach" Rationale: the nurse should inform the client that the NG tube will decompress the stomach of gas and fluid in order to allow the bowel to rest.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new colostomy. What information should the nurse include in the teaching?

"You may experience a small amount of bleeding around the stoma" Rationale: A small amount of bleeding around the stoma and its stem can occur. However, the client should report an increase in bleeding to the surgeon.

A nurse is caring for a client who has an NG tube. The nurse tests the pH of the secretions to determine if the tube is correctly placed. What reading should the nurse expect?

4.0 pH Rationale: This is an acidic pH, which is consistent with gastric drainage. This indicates that the NG tube is correctly placed.

A nurse is administering an enteral feeding through a client's NG tube. What action should the nurse take?

Cleanse the top of the can of the formula with an alcohol wipe Rationale: Surface bacteria and dust can contaminate the top of the formula cans.

A nurse is caring for a client who has ulcerative colitis and is teaching the client about common link with Crohn's disease. What information should the nurse include?

Both are inflammatory diseases. Rationale: The nurse should inform the client that both disease processes are an inflammatory process of the GI tract

A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following an appendectomy. The surgeon initially prescribes a clear liquid diet. What food items should the nurse offer the client?

Broth, Grape juice, and Lemon gelatin

A nurse is caring for a client who has suspected cholecystitis. The nurse should expect the client's urine to appear which of the following colors?

Dark and foamy Rationale: The nurse should expect the client to have dark and foamy urine, which indicates the kidneys are filtering excess bilirubin from the blood.

A nurse is preparing to initiate a continuous enteral feeding through an open system to a client. What action should the nurse take first?

Discard unused formula after 8 hours Rationale: The nurse should discard unused formula 8-12 hours after reconstitution to reduce the risk for bacterial growth

A nurse is caring for a client who has diverticular disease. When palpating the client's abdomen, in which of the following locations should the nurse expect the client to report abdominal pain?

Lower left quadrant Rationale: the nurse should expect the client to have abdominal pain in the lower left quadrant of the abdomen. the disease is usually found in the sigmoid colon, where high pressure to move fecal contents from the rectum causes pouch formation.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client with a colostomy about appropriate food choices. What foods should the nurse include in the teaching?

Pasta Rationale: Pasta may thicken stool and is an appropriate food choice for a client with a colostomy.

A nurse in a PACU is assessing a client who has a newly created colostomy. What finding should the nurse report to the provider?

Purplish-colored stoma Rationale: A stoma that is purplish in color indicates ischemia. The nurse should notify the provider immediately.

A nurse is teaching a client who has cholecystitis about required dietary modifications. The nurse should include which of the following foods as appropriate for the clients diet?

Roast Turkey Rationale: Roast turkey is a low-fat protein that is an appropriate choice for inclusion in the clients diet. Low-fat food decreases stimulation of the gallbladder, thereby reducing associated symptoms.

A nurse is reviewing the medication list for a client who has a new diagnosis of a small bowel obstruction. The nurse should withhold which type of medication?

Senna Rationale: Laxatives are contraindicated in clients who have fecal impaction, bowel obstruction, and acute abdominal surgery to prevent perforation. Because the bowel does not allow for any passage of stool with a complete small bowel obstruction, laxatives will cause increased abdominal cramping and discomfort.