Bio Ch. 15

21 billion people

Which of the following is an approximate estimate of the carrying capacity of Earth based on net primary production (NPP) land-use data and ignoring the needs of other species?

Birth rates and death rate are nearly equal

Which of the following occurs when a population approaches its carrying capacity?

Higher per capita income and higher female literacy

Which of the following two factors are usually present in populations that are successful at reducing their birth rates?

When death rates fall, birth rates also fall.

In general, which of the following statements about human population growth is true over the longer term?

24%

People who live in the United States make up about 5% of the population of Earth but how much global energy do they consume?

Members of some countries consume many more calories than they require.

Some experts believe that Earth is approaching its carrying capacity for humans. Which of the following facts can be cited as supporting this viewpoint?

There are many wolves in Yellowstone National Park.

Which of the following is a statement about population density?

Demographic momentum

Jose is conducting research in the Pacific Islands. He observes that the inhabitants of Island X enthusiastically adopted modern birth control about 15 years ago and still use these methods today. Despite this, the population of X continues to increase. Using only the information provided, decide which of the following is the most likely reason for this increase.

Deforestation

According to archeologists, the population of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) declined dramatically from about 7,000 inhabitants to fewer than 700 people several centuries ago. Which of the following is thought to have produced this result?Deforestation

There are significantly more people in Country B than in Country A.

Country A and Country B are about the same size in geographical area, and 40 years ago had about the same number of citizens. Since then, Country A passed through its demographic transition relatively quickly, whereas Country B has been in the midst of its transition for several decades. What can you infer about the sizes of the populations in these two countries in the present day?

Increased population means more water pollution.

Dr. I. M. Smart has determined that the world population will have enough clean water for many years to come. He proved this by dividing the number of gallons of clean water now available by 10.9 billion, the highest-growth population estimate. Ms. I. M. Smarter, a student, says that Dr. Smart is incorrect. What is the basis for her objection?

Younger people outnumber older people in India.

Here are two graphs showing population pyramids for India, on the left, and for the United States, on the right. The graphs show the size of the population in each age group. Based on these graphs, which of the following statements about these two countries is accurate? Click to view larger image

Earth's cultural carrying capacity

It is the year 2080, and almost every square mile of Earth is cultivated or paved over. Hunger and disease no longer exist, but most people work 60 hours per week just to ensure sufficient food and water. They have no time to walk in the woods, listen to music, or create the latest art. Which of the following is endangered in this scenario?

Decrease in birth rates, increase in death rates

One year, a population of white-tailed deer faced a severe shortage of food as a result of a drought. Which of the following would you expect to observe in this population during breeding season the following year?

400

Ranger Renee used the mark-recapture method to study a population of beetles in the forest. After marking and releasing 200 beetles on one day, she returns a week later to the same area. She catches a total of 300 beetles this time and observes that 150 of them are marked. Use the data and formula provided to determine her best estimate of the beetle population density.

Fewer than 28 years

The accompanying bar graph shows the relationship between the growth rate of a population and the number of years required for the population to double in size. About how many years would be required for a population with a growth rate of 3% to double in size?

Demographic transition

The figure shows the birth and death rates over time for a population. The upper green line is the birth rate, the lower blue line is the death rate, and time is represented on the x-axis. What term describes the time period between the two vertical blue dotted lines?

Carrying capacity of the environment

The logistic growth curve in this figure shows the change in numbers of Paramecium, a single-celled organism grown in a laboratory culture, over time. What does the dotted red line represent?

Uniform

The organization of a typical suburb, where each house has its own driveway, front yard, and back yard, is an example of what type of distribution?

Boom and bust

What is the name given to periods of rapid population growth followed by steep declines in population numbers?

J-shaped

What is the shape of the curve that describes exponential population growth?

Catch spiders, mark them with a white dot, then release them.

You have always loved spiders and plan to study them as a biology project. You want to determine how many spiders live in your apartment building in Brooklyn, New York. You tell your assistant to begin by doing which of the following?

Plan B, because exponential growth leads to higher numbers over time

You have been hired to work for a moving company for the month of October. Your boss asks you to choose between two salary plans: A, where you are paid $1,000 each day for the month; or B, where you are paid $0.01 for the first day,$0.02 for the second day, $0.04 for the third day, and so on with your pay doubling every day. Which plan should you choose?

Random

Young plants whose seeds are dispersed during a windy storm grow on the forest floor in what type of distribution?