Chapter 4 Questions
True or false: Because epithelial tissue is highly vascular, it heals well..
False
True or false: During tissue repair, dense irregular collagenous connective tissue which forms is called granulation tissue.
False
This type of tissue is closely packed with fat cells and forms a protective cushion around organs; insulate body and also form energy.
Adipose connective tissue
Which of the following statements is false?
Columnar epithelial cells promote diffusion.
Indicate two roles of connective tissue in the body.
cushioning and insulating
Muscular tissue consists of what type of cells or fibers?
elongated fibers (cells) that are specialized to contract
A cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a
fibroblast
Bone
has a rich blood supply
Which of the following characteristics is NOT consistent with simple squamous epithelial tissue?
has good blood supply within it
Unlike an exocrine gland, an endocrine gland
has no ducts
Which of the following is not a characteristic of age-related changes at the tissue level?
injuries heal rapidly and more completely in older people
What type of cells release chemicals in response to injury and play an important role in inflammation?
mast cells
The extracellular material found in tissues is called
matrix
The extracellular material of a tissue is called the:
matrix
The embryonic germ layer that is the source of connective tissue and muscle is
mesoderm
Epithelium that is primarily secretory in function would most likely be
simple cuboidal
Epithelial tissue is characterized by
tightly packed cells
An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials which performs a discrete function is known as a(n):
tissue
Collections of specialized cells and extra-cellular substances around them are known as a(n) ______.
tissue
What is a collection of similar cells and surrounding substances?
tissue
Which of the following is found in spongy bone but not compact bone?
trabeculae
What is a malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial tissue?
carcinoma
What type of muscle is found in the wall of the heart?
cardiac muscle
A gland with branching ducts that end in acini would be classified as
compound acinar
What type of gland possesses ducts?
exocrine
Stratified epithelium consists of
multiple layers of cells.
Of the four classes of tissues, the tissue that consists of elongated fibers that are specialized to contract in response to stimulation is ______
muscle tissue
What type of tissue is contractile?
muscular tissue
A tissue has the following characteristics: free surface, single layer of cells, cells are narrow and tall, microvilli, many mitochondria, goblet cells. Which of the following is most consistent with those observations? (1) active transport (2) epithelium (3) simple epithelium (4) columnar epithelium (5) cuboidal epithelium (6) squamous epithelium (7) secretion by exocytosis (8) movement of mucous across its surface
1, 2, 3, 4, 7
Which of the following occur as a result of inhibiting the release of chemical mediators of inflammation shortly after injury in a tissue?
2, 4, 6
What is a scar?
A large amount of granulation tissue converted to dense irregular collagenous connective tissue during tissue repair.
What type of tissue attaches to the underlying muscles and supports the framework for body organs?
Areolar connective tissue
all of that demonstrate how inflammation protects the body.
Blood vessels become more permeable and allow white blood cells to move into damaged tissue more easily, Clotting that occurs helps to isolate injurious agents, During inflammation blood vessels dilate, increasing the delivery of white blood cells to the area.
Which of the following statements is true?
Collagen fibers provide strength to dense connective tissue
Which of the following statements concerning collagen is false?
Collagen is elastic and stretches
Which of the following statements concerning epithelial cell surfaces is false?
Epithelium with folded surfaces tends to be very rigid.
Which of the following cell organelles would be most important in secretory epithelial cells?
Golgi apparatus
In the process of tissue repair, which of the events listed below occurs last?
Granulation tissue develops.
Which of the following statements concerning the process of tissue repair is false?
Labile cells cannot be replaced by the process of regeneration
True or false: The basal lamina is only one portion of the basement membrane, and it does not anchor the epithelium to the tissue below it.
True
Dense regular collagenous connective tissue would be found in
a ligament
Indicate the functions that apply to epithelial tissue.
acting as a barrier and secretion of substances
What is the function of the basement membrane?
adhere epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue
What is the girdle of glycoproteins just below the tight junction between epithelial cells?
adhesion belt
What type of cells contain large amounts of lipids?
adipocytes
An example of a gap junction is
an intercalated disk
What type of gland discharges fragments of the gland's cells during secretion?
apocrine
What is the examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death or to study the changes caused by a disease?
autopsy
This is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. What does "E" represent?
axon
Which of the following is associated with nervous tissue?
axon
Which of the following is correctly matched?
axons - conduct action potentials away from the cell body
All of the characteristics of connective tissue:
bind other tissues and organs together, involved in delivering nutrients to the tissue, separate tissues from each other
What is the removal of a tissue sample from patients via surgery or needle to diagnose disease?
biopsy
A tissue that has a fluid matrix is
blood
This is a picture of a skin wound. What does "A" represent?
blood clot
This is a picture of a skin wound. What does "C" represent?
blood vessel
A gland produces a watery secretion that contains solutes. The secretion also contains a substantial amount of phospholipid. The type of secretory process for this gland is probably
both merocrine and apocrine
The type of connective tissue that contains chondrocytes, a rigid matrix of collagen fibers and proteoglycan-hyaluronic acid aggregates and few, if any, blood vessels is
cartilage
Which of the following types of connective tissue is mismatched with its matrix?
cartilage - highly vascular matrix
This is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. What does "B" represent?
cell body of neuron
What type of cells form cartilage?
chondroblasts
Which of the following is NOT an adhesive molecule found in the ground substance of connective tissue?
chondroitin sulfate
When Harry stepped on a nail, inflammation and infection were severe, but localized. Which of the following functions serves to wall off or isolate the injured area to the greatest degree?
coagulation of plasma proteins
Intervertebral discs exhibit a great deal of strength because of the presence of thick bundles of
collagen
The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are
collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
Which of the following categories of epithelium is based on cell shape?
columnar
Lamellae are characteristic of
compact bone tissue
Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder associated with _____ tissue.
connective
Support, attachment of tissues, cushioning and protection are examples of functions for ______ tissue.
connective tissue
What type of tissue possesses an abundant extracellular matrix?
connective tissue
A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it
consists of cells with much intercellular material (matrix) between them.
Muscle tissue is characterized by its
contractility
Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?
contraction
This is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. What does "A" represent?
dendrite
What type of process conducts nerve impulses toward the cell body?
dendrite
What type of connective tissue is found in the walls of large arteries?
dense irregular elastic tissue
Connective tissue in tendons is
dense regular collagenous tissue
What type of connective tissue is found in tendons and ligaments?
dense regular collagenous tissue
This is a picture of a skin wound. What does "D" represent?
dermis
Which of the following structures is likely to consist of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue?
dermis of the skin
Epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many
desmosomes
What is a disk-shaped structure with especially adhesive glycoproteins around each cell that bind cells to one another?
desmosomes
An infant born with a genetic defect that causes little or no brown fat to be formed will have
difficulty regulating his body temperature
Which of the following terms correctly identifies the name of an embryonic germ layer?
ectoderm
Name the embryonic germ layers:
ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm
An accumulation of fluid in the tissue spaces is called
edema
Which of the following occurs when the permeability of blood vessels increases during inflammation?
edema
The major manifestations of inflammation include:
edema, heart, pain, redness
What type of connective tissue is found in the external ears?
elastic cartilage
A coiled fibrous protein in connective tissue that is stretchy is called
elastin
What type of gland does not have ducts?
endocrine
What type of gland excretes products by secretion into the blood?
endocrine
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
endoderm - bone
This is a picture of a skin wound. What does "B" represent?
epidermis
Because it forms covering and lining layers for body structures, ______ tissue has very little extracellular matrix.
epithelial
What type of tissue has little extracellular matrix because it forms covering and lining layers for body structures?
epithelial
Which tissue type forms glands?
epithelial
Indicate the class of tissue that is capable of regeneration, is avascular, and consists of cells that are bound to each other via specialized junctions.
epithelial tissue
What type of tissue forms linings or coverings?
epithelial tissue
The four primary tissue types are
epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous.
Granulation tissue is a delicate, granular-appearing connective tissue that consists of
fibroblast, collagen, capillaries
What type of cells form protein fibers in connective tissue proper?
fibroblasts
What type of connective tissue is found between the vertebrae?
fibrocartilage
Adipose tissue
functions as an insulator and a site of energy storage
What is a small protein channel that allows the passage of ions and small molecules between cells?
gap junction
Structures that function in intercellular communication are
gap junctions.
A delicate connective tissue composed of fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries is called
granulation tissue
What attaches epithelial cells to the basement membrane?
hemidesmosomes
What is the microscopic study of tissues?
histology
What type of gland accumulates its secretion in the cytoplasm of the cell, the cell then ruptures and becomes part of the secretion?
holocrine
What type of connective tissue forms most of the skeleton before it is replaced by bone?
hyaline cartilage
A long, unbranched polysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue is
hyaluronic acid
A swollen, painful area of the skin that is also hot and red are symptoms that accompany what process?
inflammation
Proteoglycans trap large quantities of water and spring back to original shape after compression. They are found in
intervertebral discs
The secretions of endocrine glands are released directly
into the bloodstream
Hyaluronic acid gives a very slippery quality to fluids that contain it. Hyaluronic acid
is a good lubricant for joint cavities.
Cartilage heals slowly after an injury because
it has few, if any, blood vessels
Changes in the cells, extracellular materials and tissues in older adults cause a:
loss of elasticity of connective tissue, loss of flexibility of connective tissue, increase in collagen fibers
Reticular tissue is found in
lymphatic tissue
What type of cells phagocytize foreign or injured cells and play a major role in providing protection against infections?
macrophages
A thin layer of tissue that covers an organ or lines a cavity is a
membrane
What type of exocrine gland uses exocytosis to secrete its product?
merocrine
Which of the following occurs when the permeability of blood vessels increases during inflammation?
migration of white blood cells to the site of injury
What type of membranes line cavities that open to the outside and often contain mucous glands?
mucous
A thick, sticky secretion produced by goblet cells is called
mucus
What type of tissue contains cells called neurons?
nervous tissue
Support cells of the brain and spinal cord are called
neuroglia
The support and protection of neurons rests with
neuroglia
This is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. What does "D" represent?
neuroglia cells
What type of cell ingests bacteria?
neutrophil
A pseudo-unipolar neuron is characterized by the presence of
no dendrites
This is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. What does "C" represent?
nucleus of neuron
The connective tissue of ______ adults are less elastic and less flexible.
older
A(n) ______ is any anatomical structure that is composed of at least two different tissue types, has recognizable structural boundaries, and has a discrete function different from the structures around it.
organThe extracellular material of a tissue is called the:
What kind of cells form bone?
osteoblasts
What type of cells break down bone tissue?
osteoclast
Cells that break down bone are called
osteoclasts
Cells that maintain bone are called
osteocytes
Macrophages are cells specialized for
phagocytosis
Collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers in connective tissues all contain
proteins
Which of the following matrix molecules tends to trap large quantities of water?
proteoglycan
Which of the following molecules consists of numerous polysaccharides attached to a protein core?
proteoglycan
The extracellular matrix of connective tissue contains
proteoglycans
What type of epithelial tissue is found lining the trachea?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
All cells attached to the basement membrane but not all cells reach free surfaces is a description of
pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
Blood cells are produced in hemopoietic tissue found in
red bone marrow
Which of the following are symptoms of inflammation?
redness, heat, and pain
Suturing a large wound
reduces risk of infection and helps to heal faster.
In _____, the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed.
regeneration
Name the two processes that result in the repair of injured tissue.
regeneration and replacement
the processes that result in the repair of injured tissue.
regeneration, replacement
What is a malignant neoplasm derived from connective tissue?
sarcoma
What is formed from granulation tissue?
scar
Which of the following is classified as a holocrine gland?
sebaceous gland
What occurs when wound edges are far apart?
secondary union
Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?
secretion and absorption of molecule
The type of membrane that protects internal organs from friction is a ________ membrane.
serous
What type of membranes do not open to the exterior, do not contain glands, but do secrete fluid?
serous
Glands whose ducts have few branches are called
simple
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the stomach?
simple columnar epithelium
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the kidney tubules?
simple cuboidal epithelium
If one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply body cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of
simple squamous epithelium
What type of muscle is found attached to bones?
skeletal muscle
The type of muscle found in the walls of blood vessels is
smooth
Movement of food through the digestive tract results from the action of
smooth muscle
What type of muscle is found in the wall of the digestive tract?
smooth muscle
Which of the following epithelial types is mismatched with its function?
squamous epithelium - stretching
What type of cells have the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types?
stem cells
Which type of epithelium has the following characteristics: multiple layers, squamous cell shape, dead outer layers of cells, and keratin present in some cells?
stratified keratinized squamous epithelium
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the mouth
stratified squamous epithelium
The epidermis of the skin is composed of
stratified squamous epithelium.
A muscle that is not consciously controlled and has a banded appearance would be described as
striated involuntary
Connective tissue is separated into subgroups based on the
structure of the extracellular matrix
This is a picture of a skin wound. What does "E" represent?
subcutaneous fat
The type of membrane that lines freely movable joints is a _____ membrane.
synovial
What type of membranes line joint cavities?
synovial
A tissue has the following characteristics: abundant extracellular matrix, abundant collagen fibers, collagen fibers mainly parallel to each other. Which of the following injuries results in damage to mainly this kind of tissue?
tear in the tissue that attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to bone
The various types of epithelium are classified by
the shape of cells and number of cell layers
To determine that a type of epithelium is squamous, which of the following is most important?
the shape of the most superficial epithelial cells
The type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a
tight junction
What is the permeability barrier that joins the cell membranes of adjacent cells to form a tight seal?
tight junction
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder?
transitional epithelium
In the inflammatory response, clotting proteins form a clot. This action
walls off foreign particles and microbes
