Chapter 8 Psych (MACC)
What are the two components of the definition of intelligence in the United States?
-the ability to learn from experience -an all-purpose ability to do well on cognitive tasks
In which two situations are people considered gifted?
-when they have an IQ of 130 or higher -when they have superior talent in a specific area
People are considered gifted if they have an IQ of ______Blank or higher.
130
A child just developed the ability to ask questions that begin with the word "why." What is the most likely age range of this child?
3-4 years
Multiple-intelligences approaches have caused teachers to think differently about their students' learning styles. Identify which statement summarizes this effect.
Because of various learning competencies, teachers have begun to assess learning by evaluating student portfolios.
Which of the following is a similarity between the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales?
Both provide measures of Spearman's g.
A person diagnosed with intellectual disability as a child is able to function within society as an adult. What type of intellectual disability does this person likely have?
Cultural-familial intellectual disability
______Blank are shortcut strategies or guidelines that suggest a solution to a problem.
Heuristics
Which of the following is characteristic of creative thinkers?
Inner motivation
What does the term validity refer to?
It refers to the extent a test measures what it is intended to measure.
What does the term reliability refer to?
It refers to the extent a test produces consistent, reproducible results.
Which of the following is a form of communication based on a system of symbols?
Language
What is the first step in effective problem solving?
Recognize and define the problem.
Who among the following is likely using the controlled system of reasoning in their decision-making process?
Rita, who uses trigonometric formulas to solve a science problem
Lucia is five years old. Identify a language milestone that Lucia is likely to have attained recently.
She has an average vocabulary of about 10,000 words.
In the context of using the Stanford-Binet to measure intelligence, who among the following individuals is considered gifted?
Tessa, who has a mental age of 7 and a chronological age of 5
An architect has always been good at visualizing objects three-dimensionally. In the context of Howard Gardner's nine types of intelligence, which of the following statements is most likely to be true based on the given information?
They have high spatial intelligence.
A professor has been asked to review a set of test items that are being considered for a standardized intelligence test. The test constructors intend to eliminate all items that contain any possible cultural bias. With this task in mind, which of the following questions should be eliminated by the professor in this scenario?
What is the name of the main character in Macbeth?
Just over a week ago, an employee lost their job as a furniture salesperson. At first, they were extremely worried about not being able to pay bills. After thinking it through, they are now less stressed thinking that this may be the perfect opportunity to find that challenging career they've always wanted. Thus, the consideration of the situation in this scenario is best described as
a cognitive reappraisal.
During a wellness checkup, a doctor tells the parents that their two-year-old child should meet certain milestones in language. What is one of these milestones?
ability to correctly use plurals
An individual would like to prepare a new dish for dinner. They are not familiar with how to make this dish and must follow the recipe completely. Which strategy is the individual using?
algorithm
A student is choosing courses for next term. They look at the names of the professors and choose one course on a hunch that the professor will be knowledgeable and supportive. Which decision-making process did the student use?
automatic
A news report states that spinach is being recalled in a county in California because of a local distribution problem that resulted in the development of mold in certain packages. The packages are just in that one county, but people in New York are afraid to eat spinach because they are sure it is all tainted. What is this an example of?
availability heuristic
After losing a job and having to move to a new city, an individual was able to reflect on how the negative events have provided the opportunity to meet new people and explore new hiking trails. What is this person engaging in?
benefit finding
The triarchic theory of intelligence views intelligence as existing in which three forms?
creative intelligence, practical intelligence, analytical intelligence
Which type of reasoning begins with a general principle and applies it to a specific instance to draw a conclusion?
deductive reasoning
Cognitive psychologists have compared the human brain to a computer, yet it is an imperfect comparison. Which of the following is an ability humans have that computers do not?
develop self-awareness
A work team manager introduced a new project and outlined what needed to be accomplished. The manager then asked all team members to share ideas on how to accomplish the goals. Which form of thinking is the manager fostering?
divergent thinking
An advertising lead is holding a meeting with teammates regarding the development of an advertisement for a new product. Which of the following processes of thinking are they most likely employing in this scenario?
divergent thinking
A carpenter must loosen a screw but does not have a screwdriver. The carpenter does have a knife but doesn't think to use it because they only see a screwdriver as the solution. What is this carpenter engaging in?
functional fixedness
What are some of the characteristics commonly exhibited by people who think creatively?
inner motivation, openness to risk, objective evaluation of work
A general ability to perform on cognitive tasks, solve problems, and learn from experience is
intelligence.
A successful salesperson is able to read the mood of customers and adjust their approach accordingly. As a result, this salesperson is able to get along well with others and approach a sale based on what the customer wants to hear. According to the multiple intelligences approach, this salesperson is strong in which intelligence?
interpersonal
A student has the opportunity to take an optional test to improve their grade. The problem is that the test counts either way, so if the student does not do well, it could bring the grade down. The student knows the material and has done well on previous tests but decides not to risk it. Which of the following is this an example of?
loss aversion
Intellectual disability involves limited ability that affects functioning in which three domains?
practical skills, conceptual skills, social skills
A college student and a billionaire both lose a $100 bill. The student is stressed by this event, but the billionaire is not. These two individuals are in the ______Blank stage of the stress and coping process.
primary appraisal
A researcher administers an intelligence test to 10 people at two different times. They then administer the same test to 10 people similar to the first group at two different times. In each case the scores were fairly close. What does this indicate?
reliability
A high school athletic coach decides to use the time taken to climb 100 steps as a test for running endurance. The coach tests every team member on three consecutive days and finds that the time taken by each person is very much the same on all three trials. This test for endurance appears to have high levels of
reliability.
After the semester is over, a student sits down and examines how they did in their courses. They look at what went well and what did not in an effort to see what should be changed for the next semester. Which step in problem solving is this student in?
rethinking and redefining solutions
Morphology is defined as a language's ________blank.?
rules for word formation
Phonology is defined as a language's ________blank.?
sound system
A teenager wants to become an astronaut. In order to achieve this dream of becoming an astronaut, the teen enrolls in a physical sciences course and a mathematics course. In this case, the teen is
subgoaling.
An employee has had a stock savings plan with the company they are employed by for many years. The plan had built up a lot of savings until a change in the economy reduced the balance significantly. Other employees pulled their money out, as the economic forecast predicted additional losses. However, this employee felt they had too much invested in the plan to quit now and stuck with it, even though it continued to lose money. Which of the following decision-making errors does this scenario portray?
sunk cost fallacy
In French, the phrase "Haven't the police found you yet?" is written "La police, ne t'a pas encore trouvé?" Because French speakers arrange words differently than English speakers, the literal translation is "The police, not you have yet found?" In other words, French and English speakers use different rules, called ______Blank, to govern word order.
syntax
The fact that we hear about airplane crashes on news more often than we hear about automobile crashes may lead us to believe that we are more likely to die in an airplane than in a car. This is an example of
the availability heuristic.
In the context of the milestones of language development, which of the following language milestones is a 13-month-old most likely to have attained?
understanding more than 50 words
What is inductive reasoning?
using specific observations to make generalizations
Which three qualities must a good intelligence test have?
validity, reliability, standardization
Decision making is
weighing information and coming to some conclusion that maximizes our outcome.
When does an intelligence test have validity?
when it accurately measures what it is intended to measure
When does an intelligence test have reliability?
when it consistently yields a reproducible measure of intelligence
