GI questions

A client who has undergone Excision of a Parotid Gland Tumor is experiencing Facial Weakness on the Operative Side. What is the nurse's best response? A. "You may be experiencing a slight Stroke, and I will notify the Doctor." B. "You are experiencing Paralysis of Cranial Nerve X because of the Surgery." C. "This is a temporary condition that will resolve once Radiation Treatment is begun." D. "You are experiencing Weakness related to involvement of the Facial Nerve during the Surgery."

16. D Cranial Nerve V involvement is a possible outcome of this type of Surgery. The client presents with Facial Weakness and possibly loss of sensation to the affected side.

During an Initial Assessment, a client with Gastrointestinal problems reports the use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) three times a day for Arthritis Pain. What would be the nurse's best response? A. "NSAIDs are not helpful for Arthritis Pain." B. "NSAIDs should be taken only twice daily." C. "NSAIDs can interfere with the absorption of nutrients." D. "NSAIDs can result in Ulcers or Bleeding."

"NSAIDs can result in Ulcers or Bleeding." -Long-Term use of NSAIDs for chronic pain can precipitate Peptic Ulcer formation through the inhibition of Prostaglandins.

Which of the following clients is most at risk of developing Colon Cancer? A. 54-year-old white female client with Irritable Bowel Syndrome B. 60-year-old African American male who smokes occasionally C. 42-year-old Asian male who travels and eats out frequently D. 22-year-old female taking Oral Contraceptives

60-year-old African American male who smokes occasionally -Colon Cancer is more prevalent among African American men.

Which statement is true? A. Esophageal Reflux occurs in the presence of decreased Lower Esophageal Sphincter tone. B. Esophageal Reflux occurs in the presence of spasms of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter tone. C. Esophageal Reflux occurs in the presence of tensing of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter. D. Esophageal Reflux occurs in the presence of decreased Intra-Abdominal Pressure.

A Esophageal Reflux can occur when the Intra-Abdominal pressure is elevated or when the sphincter tone of the LES is decreased.

Which of the following nursing diagnoses would be considered a priority for the client with Peptic Ulcer Disease? A. Acute Pain B. Ineffective Coping C. Potential for Metabolic Alkalosis D. Ineffective Therapeutic Regimen Management

A Peptic Ulcer Disease can cause significant discomfort from Gastric or Duodenal Ulceration.

The client with Esophageal Reflux who experiences Regurgitation while lying flat is at risk for which complication? A. Erosion B. Bleeding C. Aspiration D. Odynophagia

C Regurgitation of Stomach contents while the client is recumbent poses a Risk of Aspiration for the client.

A client with a history of Heart Failure has been prescribed an Antacid for the treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease. What Instructions should the nurse include when Teaching this client about Antacids? A. "Some Antacids have a high Sodium content." B. "Some Antacids could potentiate Digoxin Toxicity." C. "Some Antacids could cause Potassium Depletion." D. "Some Antacids could trigger Irregular Heartbeats."

A Some Antacids, such as Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide, have a high Sodium content and could exacerbate CHF

Which is the priority assessment in the client experiencing Regurgitation? A. Auscultation for crackles B. Inspection of the Oral Cavity C. Palpation of the Cervical Lymph Nodes D. Culture of the Throat for Bacterial Infection

A The client with Regurgitation is at Risk of Aspiration, Pneumonia, and Bronchitis. The nurse should auscultate the Lungs for crackles, an indication of Aspiration.

A client with a Gastric Ulcer and Helicobacter Pylori Infection is being treated with Triple Therapy (Bismuth, Metronidazole, and Amoxicillin) and Ranitidine (Zantac). The client asks why Ranitidine is necessary, because the Triple Therapy will treat the cause of the Ulcer. What is the nurse's best response? A. "Ranitidine will help to heal the Ulcer and prevent recurrence." B. "Ranitidine is a potent Antibiotic used to eliminate H. Pylori Infection." C. "Ranitidine dissolves in the Stomach and coats the Ulcer so it will heal faster." D. "Ranitidine will help control Diarrhea that can result from the Triple Therapy."

A Used in conjunction with Triple Therapy for the Treatment of H. Pylori-Induced Ulcers, Ranitidine will help heal the Ulcer and prevent recurrence

Which of the following clients is most at Risk for developing Aphthous Stomatitis? A. 32-year-old woman in the Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle B. 23-year-old woman in the First Trimester of Pregnancy C. 53-year-old man who eats spicy foods D. 72-year-old man who wears Dentures

A Women have a higher incidence of the disorder, with an increased incidence in the Luteal Phase of the menstrual cycle and moderation or absence of lesions during Pregnancy.

While Auscultating the abdomen of a client, the nurse notes increased, loud, gurgling bowel sounds. What would be the nurse's best action? A. Palpate the abdomen. B. Percuss the abdomen. C. Notify the Physician. D. Document the finding as the only action.

C The presence of increased, loud, gurgling bowel sounds is associated with hypermotility, which can be associated with Diarrhea or Gastroenteritis. This sound also is heard above a Complete Intestinal Obstruction, and the Physician should be notified because the client requires measures to relieve the Obstruction, if present.

The nurse is performing an Examination of the Oral Cavity of a client with Candidiasis who is being treated with Oral Nystatin and reports pain on swallowing. On Inspection, Lesions are present along the Pharynx. What conclusion can be drawn from this information? A. The client has poor oral hygiene habits. B. There may be Lesions extending further down the Esophagus. C. The client is experiencing an Allergic Reaction to the treatment. D. This is a side effect of Anti-Fungal Agents used to treat the disorder.

B Clients with Oral Candidiasis experiencing Dysphagia or pain on swallowing probably have lesions that extend further down the Esophagus. Additional diagnostic testing may be required if there is no improvement.

Which of the following statements made by a client with Peptic Ulcer Disease indicates a need for further Teaching? A. "I drink Decaffeinated drinks now." B. "I avoid bedtime snacks." C. "I am eating six meals a day." D. "I am not drinking Alcoholic beverages."

B The client is instructed to eliminate both caffeinated and De-Caffeinated Coffee because they contain Peptides that stimulate Gastrin release.

What Instructions should be given to a client preparing to undergo Urea Breath Testing? A. "You will be given a Sedative, so you will need someone to drive you home." B. "You may not eat or drink after Midnight on the night before the test." C. "You should drink eight glasses of water 3 hours before the test." D. "You will need to have an IV started just before the test."

B Urea Breath Testing requires the client to be NPO after Midnight the night before the test. The client must drink a Carbon-Enriched Urea Solution for this test.

The nurse is caring for a client with an outbreak of Stomatitis. What complication of this disorder is considered most Life Threatening to the client? A. Pain B. Bleeding C. Infection D. Xerostomia

C Although pain is the most common complaint of individuals with Stomatitis, Infection can be most Life Threatening, particularly if the client is Immunosuppressed.

Which statement regarding Oral Candidiasis is true? A. It is an Inflammatory Mucocutaneous Disease. B. It is an Acute Bacterial Infection of the Gingiva. C. It is a complication of Long-Term Antibiotic Therapy. D. It is a risk factor for the development of Oral Cancer.

C Antibiotic Therapy can destroy the normal flora that usually prevents Fungal Infections. Long-term Treatment with Antibiotics predisposes clients to Candidiasis.

A client has been prescribed an Antacid for the treatment of a Duodenal Ulcer. What instructions should the client receive? A. "Take the Antacid 2 hours before meals." B. "Take the Antacid 1 hour before meals." C. "Take the Antacid 2 hours after meals." D. "Take the Antacid only when you have pain."

C For optimal effect, antacids should be given 2 hours after meals to reduce the Hydrogen ion load in the Duodenum.

On Inspection of the Abdominal Contour of a client with upper left quadrant pain, the nurse notes that the left abdominal contour appears asymmetric. What conclusion should the nurse draw from this finding? A. Left upper quadrant asymmetry is a normal finding. B. Left upper quadrant asymmetry can be caused by Pregnancy. C. Left upper quadrant asymmetry can be indicative of a Tumor or Cyst. D. Left upper quadrant asymmetry is indicative of peristaltic movements

C Left upper quadrant asymmetry can be indicative of a Tumor or Pancreatic Cyst.

The nurse is preparing to perform an abdominal assessment on a client with a complaint of right upper quadrant tenderness. In what sequence should palpation be performed? A. Lower quadrants only B. Right upper quadrant first C. Right upper quadrant last D. Lower quadrants and left upper quadrant only

C The sequence of palpation should be to palpate any tender or painful areas last to prevent the client from tensing Abdominal Muscles because of pain, thereby making the examination more difficult.

Which of the following clients is most at Risk for Gastroesophageal Reflux? A. A client who drinks Decaffeinated beverages B. A client who is underweight. C. A client taking Oral Hypoglycemic Agents D. A client who has a NG Tube

D A NG Tube keeps the Cardiac Sphincter open, allowing Acidic contents from the Stomach to enter the Esophagus.

What is the pH range of the Distal Esophagus? A. 1.5-2.0 B. 3.0-4.5 C. 4.5-6.0 D. 6.0-7.0

D The pH of the Lower Esophagus is neutral (normal).

While examining the Oral Cavity of a client, the nurse detects a fruity odor to the client's breath. The nurse should do which of the following? A. Instruct the client to use mouthwash after all meals. B. Instruct the client in good oral hygiene. C. Document the finding as the only action. D. Notify the Physician.

Notify the Physician. -A fruity odor to the breath may indicate uncontrolled or undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus. The nurse should notify the Physician or Healthcare Provider so that the appropriate steps to investigate this finding can be taken.

What alteration in function can be expected if parietal cells of the Stomach become impaired ? A. Gastric motility will be decreased. B. Secretion of Gastrin will be increased. C. Secretion of Pepsinogen will be increased. D. Absorption of Vitamin B12 will be decreased.

absorption of vitamin B12 will be decreased -Parietal Cells of the Stomach secrete Hydrochloric Acid and produce Intrinsic Factor, which aids in the absorption of Vitamin B12.

What statement regarding changes to the Gastric Mucosa in an Older Adult is true? A. Peristalsis decreases and nerve impulses are dulled. B. Atrophy of Gastric Mucosa results in Hypochlorhydria. C. Lipase production is decreased. D. Protein synthesis is decreased.

atrophy of gastric mucosa results in hypochlorhydria -In Older Adults, the Gastric Mucosa atrophies. There is a decrease in the number of Gastrin-Secreting Cells, which leads to Hypochlorhydria.

A client has developed Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and no longer produces Insulin. What cells of the Pancreas have become dysfunctional? A. Beta Cells B. Alpha Cells C. Acinar Cells D. Kupffer Cells

beta cells -The Endocrine part of the Pancreas is composed of the Islets of Langerhans, with Alpha Cells producing Glucagon and Beta Cells producing Insulin.

Which of the following questions would be appropriate to ask the client in order to collect data concerning the Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern, according to Gordon's Functional Health Patterns? A. "Have you noticed a change in the amount of Urine passed?" B. "Have you experienced any recent changes in weight?" C. "What is your usual Bowel Elimination Pattern?" D. "When was your last Rectal Examination?"

have you experienced any recent changes in weight -Data about changes in weight, food intake, and difficulties chewing or swallowing are reflective of the Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern. All other choices reflect questions posed to collect data concerning the Elimination Pattern.

What question should the nurse ask to obtain information as to the origin of Acute Diarrhea times 4 days? A. "Have you traveled out of the country recently?" B. "Are you taking any Anti-Inflammatory drugs?" C. "Have you had a Colonoscopy recently?" D. "Do you have trouble swallowing?"

have you traveled out of the country recently -A history of travel may help pinpoint an Infectious source of symptoms such as Diarrhea.

Parasympathetic stimulation of the Gastrointestinal Tract A. Increases motor and secretory activity and relaxation of Sphincters. B. Maintains the tone of smooth muscles to stimulate movement. C. Slows movement, inhibits secretion and contracts Sphincters. D. Decreases blood supplied to the Gastrointestinal Tract.

increases motor and secretory activity and relaxation of sphincters -Parasympathetic stimulation of the GI Tract is provided by the Vagus Nerve causing increases in motor and secretory activity and relaxation of sphincters.

what is the role of the liver in response to increased energy requirements A. Storage of Fatty Acids and Triglycerides B. Activation of Kupffer Cells C. Storage and release of Glycogen D. Removal of Ammonia

storage and release of glycogen -The Liver's role in Carbohydrate metabolism involves the storage and release of Glycogen as energy requirements change. An increase in energy requirements results in the release of Glycogen.

Which problem should the nurse anticipate in the client undergoing Radiation for Cancer of the Oral Cavity? A. The client will fail to absorb most nutrients. B. The client will be able to digest Carbohydrates but not Proteins. C. The client will have an impairment in the softening and breaking down of food. D. The client will have difficulty propelling food from the mouth to the Esophagus.

the client will have impairment in the softening and breaking down of food -Saliva is responsible for the softening of food in the mouth and contains an enzyme (Ptyalin) that assists in the breakdown of Carbohydrates.

A client with damage to Cranial Nerve X describes difficulty in moving food toward the rear of the mouth for swallowing. With which phase of swallowing is this client experiencing difficulty? A. Esophageal B. Pharyngeal C. Propulsant D. Voluntary

voluntary -The movement of the Tongue forcing food towards the Pharynx is called the voluntary phase of swallowing. Paralysis of Cranial Nerve X would impede this function.