Hydrocarbons

How many double covalent bonds are in an alkane?

0

Name the cycloalkane shown: CH3-CH3-CH3

1,3,4-trimethylcyclohexane

Name the following structure: CH3-CH3-CH2CH3

2-ethyl-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane

Which of the following compounds is a structural isomer of butane?

2-methylpropane

In a cyclic hydrocarbon with only carbon-carbon single bonds and n number of carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms are there in terms of n?

2n

How many covalent bonds can each carbon atom form?

4

How many different atoms or groups are attached to an asymmetric carbon?

4

How many valence electrons does a carbon atom have?

4

Which statement is TRUE about the fractional distillation apparatus?

A tall column is used with several condensers coming off at different heights

Aliphatic compounds are formed from:

Animal fats

Why were chemists convinced that benzene was not an alkene with several double bonds?

Benzene is less reactive than alkenes

Which of the following is a condensed structural formula for propane?

CH3CH2CH3

Hydrocarbons are usually liquids at room temp when they are:

Carbon chains 5-12

Alkanes containing hydrocarbon rings are called:

Cyclic alkanes

What is the general formula for a straight-chain alkane?

C{n}H{2n+2}

Alkenes with multiple double bonds are very stable.

F

How many structural isomers does pentane have?

Four

Crude oil is separated into useful compounds by:

Fractional distillation

Small hydrocarbons have what characteristics?

Gases at room temperature

Benzene's lack of reactivity is explained by:

Hybrid orbitals

Hydrogen and carbon atoms bonded with single bonds are called:

Hydrocarbons

What is the purpose of Octane ratings?

Measures the amount of isooctane needed to prevent a car's engine from knocking

Mirror image isomers are referred to as _____ isomers.

Optical

Carbon containing compounds are referred to as:

Organic compounds

What is the name of a straight-chain alkane compound contained in most candles?

Paraffin

Alkanes with five carbon atoms have the prefix _____.

Pen

Substances that can cause cancer are called carcinogens.

T

The most efficient shape for the bonding of carbon and hydrogen, in methane, is:

Tetrahedral

Which properties are important in the distillation of large hydrocarbons?

They have higher boiling points

Which of the following alkynes produces the hottest flame (3200°C) when burned in oxygen and is primarily used as a fuel gas.

acetylene

any straight-chain or branched-chain alkane, alkene, or alkyne

aliphatic hydrocarbon

An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen and at least one carbon-carbon triple bond is classified as an ____.

alkyne

Which of the following is true about structural isomers?

all of the above

Which of the following structures are not found in aliphatic compounds?

aromatic rings

carbon atom to which four different atoms or groups are attached

asymmetric carbon

What compound is the simplest aromatic compound?

benzene

The process that decomposes alkanes into alkenes and alkynes using heat and a catalyst is called __________.

cracking

A saturated straight-chain hydrocarbon with two carbons is ____.

ethane

Alkanes do not have geometric isomers because the carbon atoms in their carbon-carbon bonds are ____.

free to rotate

What is the correct order of steps in distillation?

heating, evaporating, cooling, condensing

Which of the following is NOT an important fossil fuel?

hydrogen

What is the simplest alkane?

methane

Which quantity represents the prefix used in naming straight-chain alkanes with the exception of methane, propane, and butane?

number of carbon atoms in the alkane

In which of the following compounds does rotation occur around all covalent bonds between carbons?

octane

The longest continuous carbon chain of a branched-chain hydrocarbon is called a(n) ____.

parent alkane

Which of the following compounds is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

propyne

organic compound that contains the maximum number of hydrogens per carbon atom

saturated compound

What type of isomers have the same molecular formula, the same connections between atoms, but have atoms with different three dimensional arrangements?

stereoisomers

molecules in which atoms are joined in the same order but differ in the arrangements of their atoms in space

stereoisomers

compounds that have the same molecular formula, but the atoms are joined in a different order

structural isomers

organic compound that contains at least one double or triple carbon-carbon bond

unsaturated compound