L.P. Exam

Research has investigated whether emotional intelligence is related to leadership emergence and leadership effectiveness. The meta-analysis of this research found

Emotional intelligence is important to leadership emergence and leadership effectiveness

Based on research, which of the following statements is most correct regarding the role of grit in predicting achievement?

Grit is a significant predictor of achievement of challenging goals, over and above what is explained by personality and cognitive intelligence

According to the meta-analysis on the Ohio State behavioral leadership model, what effect does initiating structure have on follower job satisfaction and follower satisfaction with the leader?

Initiating structure generally improves job satisfaction

One way to become more "gritty" is through embedding "natural" rewards into challenging work. Which of the following best represents this practice?

Joe made a game out of what was otherwise unappealing work

Which of the Big Five personality dimensions predict leadership effectiveness when all five are included in a multiple regression equation?

Only Openness and Extraversion predicted leadership effectiveness

Which of the following best represents an example of employee driven process improvements, in keeping with empowered employees?

Output increased because employees removed obstacles to effective performance that they encountered

The personality assessment called Core Self-Evaluation can be described as

Strongly related to self-worth

One way to develop and refine your level of grit is through smarter practice. Which item below is most necessary in order for practice to be considered smart?

a feedback loop that helps you recognize errors and correct them

Which of the following is NOT an element of emotional intelligence?

ability to solve complex problems

Which of the following represents a measure of leader effectiveness in leadership research?

all of the items

Regarding locus of control, if a leader attributes a large gain in organizational profits to his own good decisions, the leader's locus of control is most likely ______________.

an internal locus of control

Which of the following is typically a best fit for the pragmatic mental model of leadership?

an organization operating in a complex environment

Which emotion is signaled by a center crease between eyebrows pulled down into a V-shape?

anger

Research suggests that if you want to be perceived by others as having high cognitive intelligence, you should ______________.

be seen performing complex tasks

Which of the following best explains why a leader's positive Core Self-Evaluation can predict positive performance-related outcomes for the organization?

because a leader's own Core Self-Evaluation can influence followers' self-efficacy

Which leadership behavior or quality is most consistent with an external locus of control?

carrying a lucky rabbit's foot on the day your promotion will be decided

For gritty individuals, how are they most likely to respond when their first attempt to achieve a long-term (higher-order) goal fails?

change their approach to the chosen higher order goal

Which leader 'mental model' best fits a leadership context that places high emphasis on social judgment?

charismatic

Which of the following leader practices is consistent with the inspirational motivation dimension of transformational leadership?

communicating a compelling vision to employees

A meta-analysis examined the Ohio State behavioral leadership model. This study concluded that in predicting leadership outcomes in general or in most contexts

consideration shows stronger results than initiating structure

According to the text reading and class lecture pertaining to culture,

cultures differ in their expectations about how much power distance there should be between leaders and subordinates

According to the path goal model, which leadership style is likely most beneficial when a task is complex and employees are low in ability?

directive

After Apple and Microsoft merged, employees faced a lot of uncertainty over layoffs and how to do new job roles

directive and supportive leadership both equally needed

Chris McBride is a new employee with no task experience AND low self-efficacy

directive and supportive leadership both equally needed

Hector is part of a friendly team that requires a lot of coordination across the members

directive leadership most needed

Joe has high self-efficacy, but does not know how to work with the new assembly line

directive leadership most needed

In developing grit, failures should be

embraced as a learning opportunity

CEO Kylie showed positive emotions in a meeting with employees. In response, employees smiled and showed positive emotions too. This is an example of _____________.

emotional contagion

___________ occurs when thoughts and reactions following a strong emotion are not regulated.

emotional hijacking

Paul Ekman is considered by many to be the world's foremost expert on interpreting facial expressions. His research would be most useful in developing which leadership quality?

emotional intelligence

Empowerment positively influences employee productivity through

employee-driven process improvements

Which statement is most correct regarding the difference between environmental complexity and environmental ambiguity?

environmental complexity involves many known variables while environmental ambiguity involves unknown unknowns

Almost all leaders and followers agree in their perceptions of their relationship quality

false

Which of the following is most likely to enhance employees' psychological empowerment?

feelings of competence

According to the behavioral model of leadership, leaders should

focus both on showing consideration AND initiating structure

In the meta-analysis of the studies on perceived intelligence and leadership emergence, the researchers

found that perceived intelligence correlated strongly with perceived leadership emergence

The Stanford "Marshmallow" experiments discussed in class suggest that the ability to delay gratification leads to better long-term personal outcomes. This research relates most closely to which leadership quality?

grit or perseverance

If a project management team prides itself on how quickly and easily they all always agree on every decision, the group is likely experiencing _____________.

group think

According to a study of 75 CEOs of major league baseball teams, CEOs with high Core Self-Evaluations

had higher team winning percentages and higher fan attendance

Which of the following is most likely to reflect a company culture of LOW power distance?

high employee involvement in decision making

Leader Mike set clear performance standards for the new trainees, conducted regular evaluations and listened closely to support their needs. Which best describes Mike's leadership approach?

high on both consideration and initiating structure

What does a hierarchical (tall) organizational structure with many levels of management most likely suggest about the organization's culture?

high power distance

in group

high quality exchange relationship

leader empathy _____________ LMX quality

increases

When Elon Musk (CEO of Tesla) emphasizes share price goals to his employees and investors, he is emphasizing ________ leadership behaviors.

initiating structure

Which is most true regarding the effects of initiating structure as a leadership approach?

initiating structure has positive effects, but there is a point of diminishing returns

A study conducted in a manufacturing setting examined the effects of initiating structure and showing consideration on follower stress levels. It found that

initiating structure reduced follower stress

Managers who believe Theory X assume that workers are basically

irresponsible and unlikely to take initiative at work

Based on leader-member exchange theory (LMX), employee in-group and out-group status

is slow to change once it is set due to reinforcing dynamics

A key assumption of behavioral approaches to leadership is that

leadership can be taught

Which of the following is most likely to detract from employees' psychological empowerment?

limited power to initiate action

out group

low quality exchange relationship

Recognizing emotional triggers is most closely related to which aspect of emotional intelligence?

managing your own emotions

Based on research findings, in which context was the leadership behaviors of initiating structure found to have a bigger impact than showing consideration?

military context

In predicting leadership outcomes, distal individual attributes that indirectly (rather than directly) influence leadership outcomes include _______________.

personality traits

To be able to 'talk someone's language' with emotional intelligence requires ____________.

perspective taking

Assume an organization has an ongoing need for a leader to solve complex problems that have little to do with the social context. Which leader 'mental model' would be the best fit?

pragmatic

Research findings suggest that one indirect way leadership via showing consideration influences employees' organizational commitment is through

reducing employee stress

Which of the following leader practices is consistent with the contingent reward approach of transactional leadership?

rewarding employees for meeting goals

a member of the out group is likely to 'live down' to expectations

self-fulfilling prophecy

a member of the in group is more likely to remain in the in group

self-reinforcing cycle

Extraversion is a _____________ indicator of leader EFFECTIVENESS, and conscientiousness is a ______________ indicator, based on the research in your text and reviewed in class

significant, non-significant

Based on research pertaining to personality and leader emergence, which of the following individuals is more likely to become a leader?

someone high in conscientiousness

Which of the following best describes someone with a growth mindset?

someone that analyzes their own failures for clues as to what they can learn to do better next time

During times of crisis when emotions are running high, an emotionally intelligent leader

strategically becomes less emotional

James Big is bored with simple, routine work

supportive leadership most needed

Jan Perez has high ability for her stressful job and she enjoys autonomy.

supportive leadership most needed

An example of emotional intelligence is

the ability to generate your own enthusiasm when appropriate

According to one perspective, "leaders are those who (1) best represent the values of their followers, and (2) are better at solving their followers' problems and achieving their goals". This defines

the leaders as representatives perspective

Which statement is most correct regarding task and relationship approaches to leadership?

these two approaches complement one another

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding leadership viewed from a perspective of power and influence?

this approach to leadership describes all corporations