memory review ap classroom questions pt.2

A list of the presidents of the United States in chronological order up through the year 2000 is presented in the exact same manner to two classes of students, and they are then asked to recall them. A fourth-grade class is tested in the morning and a sixth-grade class is tested in the afternoon. The percent recall for both classes was combined and is presented in the figure above. The results depicted in which segment are inconsistent with the serial position effect?

C

Which of the following scenarios is an example of retroactive interference?

Carl tries to remember the name of his first boss, but he cannot because he keeps thinking of the name of his current boss.

When Gustavo goes through lists of inventory items and thinks about whether each one is a fruit or not, he remembers more of the items on those lists later than when he goes through lists of inventory items and does not think about what each item is. Which of the following concepts best explains Gustavo's performance?

Elaborative encoding, because engaging in deeper processing improves memory.

Which of the following psychologists is most strongly associated with research on false memories?

Elizabeth Loftus

Dr. Rudolph's class has a big test coming up next week. Which of the following students is using a studying strategy that is most likely to lead to memory consolidation?

Elizabeth studies for a half hour before she goes to bed each night the week before the exam.

Which of the following is an example of the tip-of-the-tongue effect?

Emma is telling her friend what she did over summer vacation when she discovers she cannot think of a specific word that she would like to say. She stops telling the story, because she has the distinct feeling that she is about to be able to think of the word if she waits just a moment.

A teenager would most probably draw on which of the following to recall her tenth birthday party?

Episodic memory

Which area of the brain is not well developed until after three years of age, offering a possible explanation for infantile amnesia?

Hippocampus

After Doug witnessed two cars involved in a car accident, a police officer asked Doug how fast the cars were going when the accident happened. According to research by Elizabeth Loftus, which of the following questions could the officer ask that would make Doug most susceptible to the misinformation effect?

How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?

Which of the following describes one of the functions of the temporal lobe of the brain?

It is where declarative memories are stored.

Catherine read her vocab words and its definition aloud several times. 20 sec later, she still remembered the word's meaning, then she moved on to the next word in the list without engaging in any further strategies to enhance her memory. Later, she tested herself on the same vocab word at the same time, same mood, same location as when she had first studied the word, but could not remember its definition. It is most likely that she could not remember because she failed to engage which functio

Long-term memory, because Catherine failed to encode the word; therefore, the word did not become a part of her long-term memory.

Which of the following increases the chance that an individual will remember a telephone number that has been called several times within a short period?

Rehearsal

An individual's recall tends to be better for information that is personally relevant primarily due to which of the following phenomena?

Self-reference effect

A person assembling a tool one week after reading the instructions can remember the first and last steps of the procedure but not the middle ones. This best illustrates which of the following?

The serial position effect

When rehearsal of incoming information is prevented, which of the following will most likely occur?

There will be no transfer of the information to long-term memory.

Which of the following is the most useful study strategy to help a student retain the words in a vocabulary list?

Using each word in a sentence

Which of the following best describes the primacy effect?

When people have better recall of things that occur at the beginning of a sequence

Which process transfers information from sensory memory to short-term memory?

attention

When the stimuli in a task occur in highly predictable ways, an individual is often able to attend to both that task and another one at the same time. When this occurs, the processing of the first task is

automatic

In memory experiments on free recall, the recency effect refers specifically to the

enhanced recall of items at the end of a list of words

When Judy is asked how many windows are in her home, she figures out the exact answer by mentally walking through her house and taking a count. This retrieval technique relies most heavily on

imagery

When a list of words is learned in order, the words most likely to be forgotten are those that are

in the middle of the list

In a memory study, the experimenter reads the same list of words to two groups. She asks group A to count the letters in each word, and she asks group B to focus on the meaning of each word for a later memory quiz. During a recall test, participants in group B recall significantly more words than participants in group A. Memory researchers attribute this effect to differences in

levels of processing

When Sophie reads her history assignments, she goes over them very carefully and tries to memorize each fact. Emma, on the other hand, studies by trying to relate the new information to things she has experienced, been told about by others, or seen in movies and on television. Emma's performance on history tests will probably be better than Sophie's due to differences in

levels of processing

When participants in dichotic listening experiments are repeating aloud a message presented in one ear, they are most likely to notice information on the unattended channel if that channel

mentions the participant's name

A researcher asks participants to identify red shapes presented on a video screen. Following this, novel objects of various colors are depicted on the screen. Participants correctly identify red objects more quickly than objects of a different color. The result illustrates

priming

Kay's ability to ride a bicycle reflects which of the following types of memory?

procedural

Memory for automatic activities, such as bike riding and handwriting, is known as

procedural

Studying by focusing on the facts and not the meaning of information that has to be remembered involves

shallow processing

A list of the presidents of the United States in chronological order up through the year 2000 is presented in the exact same manner to two classes of students, and they are then asked to recall them. A fourth-grade class is tested in the morning and a sixth-grade class is tested in the afternoon. The percent recall for both classes was combined and is presented in the figure above. The results depicted in segment A are consistent with

the primacy effect

The feeling that you know someone's name, but cannot quite recall it, is an example of

the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon