Mod 3 Smartbook

global

A _______________ mind-set includes an openness to diversity along with an ability to pull ideas together across boundaries created by that diversity.

values

A cultural paradox is a contradiction between a culture's ______.

universalist, particularist

A(n) ______ culture tends to be rule-based, while ______ cultures tend to be relationship-based.

subjugated

According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, a ______ relationship with nature would suggest that humans cannot change nature, that forces such as fate and genetics determine the conditions of life.

individuals

According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, relationships among individuals in a low context culture tend to focus on ______.

particularist

According to Trompenaars, which culture tends to be relationship-based and considers the context before they apply the rule?

universalist

According to Trompenaars, which culture tends to be rule-based and applies those rules to all people in all situations?

Christianity

According to the tenets of ______, all who profess their faith in the Resurrection of Jesus will be received into heaven after death.

communitarianism

Based on Trompenaars's framework, cultures that practice ______ plan their actions with reference to group benefits.

the context of the communication pattern

Edward Hall's cultural framework is based upon

achievement

Gavin was recently named president of a financial institution where he has worked for the past 22 years. During his career, he has developed financial strategies that helped small companies strengthen their financial holdings. He is recognized by his peers as a leader in the financial industry. This scenario exemplifies the ______ culture described by Trompenaars.

distribution of roles

Hofstede's masculinity-femininity dimension describes the ______ between the sexes.

diffuse

In ______ cultures, work relationships carry over to other areas of life and influence them.

pragmatic

In ______ societies, the challenge is to live a virtuous life, and truth depends on context, time, and situation.

people want direction

In large power distance societies, Blank______.

United States

In which country does transparency and price drive the procurement process?

folklore music drama art

In which four forms are a culture's aesthetics are expressed most intentionally?

affective

Individuals in ______ cultures tend to be emotional or expressive.

human resources

Jensen was surprised to learn that the company to which she was applying hires only graduates from Ivy League schools. This example demonstrates how culture can impact ______ in business.

Slow down.

Kendrick was surprised when the vendor from a Japan-based company called him and said they were not interested in doing business with Kendrick's U.S. manufacturing facility. The vendor explained that they'd had only had one discussion with Kendrick on the phone, and it was not sufficient to establish a relationship. What rule of thumb did Kendrick fail to consider?

mastery to subjugation

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's relationship with nature classification ranges along a continuum from

cultural awareness

Kylie told the marketing team that it wouldn't make sense to try and market their company's new frozen meal product line in parts of South Africa because the consumers didn't have electricity, much less refrigeration. Kylie is demonstrating _____.

culture

Natalie knew her company could sell its bicycles in England, but she wanted her marketing team to learn more about how consumers in England use bicycles: Do they ride them to work, or do they ride bicycles just for pleasure? What aspect of marketing is Natalie concerned with?

artifact

Natalie planned to purchase Belgian chocolate during her visit to Brussels because Belgian chocolate has a worldwide reputation for quality. The chocolate Natalie plans to purchase is an example of a(n) ______.

individualistic

People who live in the United States are rewarded for being independent. As such, the United States is an example of a(n) ______ culture.

individualistic

People who live in the United States are rewarded for being independent. The United States is an example of a(n) (individualistic/collectivistic) culture.

Hofstede's six dimensions Trompenaars's seven dimensions Edward Hall's high context and low context Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's cultural orientation

Select from the following those four which are considered to be cultural frameworks.

social groups

Sociologists state that kinship and free association are two kinds of ______.

specific

The United States is considered a ____________ (specific/diffuse) culture because people make distinctions between their work relationships and other relationships.

human resource

The fact that U.S. employees expect to be promoted based on their accomplishments, while in other countries, family background plays a significant role in career advancement illustrates how culture affects ______ contexts relate to our attitudes toward social status.

material

The human-made objects created by a culture are called ______________ culture, or artifacts.

aesthetics

The sense of beauty and taste within a culture is known as its ___________

individualism vs. communitarianism

Trompenaars's dimension of ______ indicates whether people plan their actions with reference to themselves or to the group.

True

True or false: According to the anthropologist's view, culture is a learned phenomenon.

False

True or false: Hofstede's cultural dimensions support the idea that a management technique that is appropriate in one national culture is generally appropriate in another.

False

True or false: Leadership styles tend to remain constant across cultures.

There is equal distance among people. A consultative style of leadership predominates. Informality is the norm.

What are characteristics of small-power-distance cultures? (Check all that apply.)

free association kinship

What are the two kinds of social groups or institutions in which societies structure its social relationships?

slow to change based on history and tradition

What are two characteristics of a past-focused culture?

giving gifts

What does anthropologist Marcel Mauss state is a way to acknowledge interrelationships and obligations within a society?

the ability to speak the local language

What gives foreign sellers a competitive edge in the culture in which they are selling their goods?

language

What is the most important characteristic that distinguishes one culture or subculture from another?

Culture is shared, patterned, and mutually constructed. The various aspects of culture are interrelated. Culture defines the boundaries of different groups.

What three features are associated with the anthropologist's view of culture?

One's own culture functions as an implicit reference point for comparison. Analyzing cultural frameworks is only the beginning of understanding the complexity of cultures.

What two things should be kept in mind while analyzing cultural frameworks?

restraint

Which cultural dimension suggests that society extends much energy establishing order and structure?

Present-focused

______ cultures tend to neither plan nor dwell on the past, and there is preference for short-term benefits and immediate results.

power distance

_______________________________ is the extent to which members of a society expect power to be distributed unequally and accept that it is.

It has low levels of trust.

A culture's accounting controls directly relate to its assumptions about people's basic nature. If a firm maintains tight control over its employees throughout the organization, this suggests what about the culture?

accounting

When Milli explained to a France-based company that her U.S.-based firm would provide all of the necessary financial documentation to prove its worth, she was taken aback when the French company said they would prefer to know who the treasurer of her company was for the past ten years. This example shows how culture can affect the ______ area of a company.

What are the preferred forms of human activity? What relationship should people have with nature? What is the basic nature of humans? What sorts of relationships should exist among individuals?

According to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, which of the following are among the universal problems to which all cultures offer solutions? (Check all that apply.)

production

When Nestor's U.S.-based company purchased a manufacturing facility in China, the company decided to increase the output of the facility by adding an overnight shift. The workers refused to work the overnight hours and eventually the U.S. owner agreed to return to a regular work schedule and output levels dropped. Which aspect of business is being affected by culture?

neutral vs. affective

When Shawna was transferred from the U.S.-based office to the affiliate in Britain, she quickly realized that showing emotions was frowned upon. Which of Trompenaars's dimensions does Shawna's experience reflect?

power distance

Which of Hofstede's dimensions analyzes the extent to which members of a society expect power to be distributed unequally and accept that it is?

relationships among individuals

Which of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's value orientations relates to society's beliefs about the legitimate form of social structure and hierarchy?

Relationships among people Evaluation of human nature Relationship to nature Modes of human activity

Which of the following are included in Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's values framework? (Check all that apply.)

Leisure is valued. People believe they have personal control over their lives. Freedom of speech is valued.

Which of the following characterize indulgent cultures? (Check all that apply.)

It requires an openness to diversity. It requires the ability to pull ideas together across boundaries created by diversity. It requires a willingness to deal with complexity.

Which of the following describe a global mind-set? (Check all that apply.)

individualism-collectivism uncertainty avoidance masculinity-femininity power distance

Which of the following were Hofstede's original four cultural dimensions? (Check all that apply.)

a strong desire to explain the absolute truth respect for tradition high concern for personal stability

Which of the following would be common in a normative society? (Check all that apply.)

Christianity

Which religion has many denominations and shares a belief that there is one God who is revealed through human history?

Liam slumped over the podium as he gave his presentation. Helen will do her presentation after Connor but before Jeremy. Tyler started his speech at the back of the room and moved toward the front as he finished.

Which scenarios would be included in Edward Hall's definition of context in a culture's communication? (Check all that apply.)

The role, function, and traits of leaders vary by culture.

Which statement is accurate regarding the effects of culture on leadership?

It is often seen as a bribe.

Which statements about gift giving in international business are false?

Be prepared. Manners are important. Slow down.

Which three are rules of thumb for doing business across cultures?

Canada Australia Germany

Which three nations demonstrate a specific rather than a diffuse culture?

Ascription

______ cultures consider who a person is in terms of his or her family lineage, age, or other attributes.