Musculoskeletal lab 1
Semi-spinalis: capitis. Transversospinalis - Origin: TP C7-T7, articular processes C4-C6 - Insertion: Occipital bone between superior & inferior nuchal line - Action: Bilaterally: Spine extension. Unilaterally= contralateral spine rotation - Nerve: Dorsal Rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: Occipital, deep cervical, vertebral arteries
Blue
Serratus posterior inferior - Origin: Aponeurosis from SP T11-T12, L1 & L2 and their supraspinous ligament - Insertion: Ribs 9-12 lateral to angles - Action: Depression of ribs - Nerve: T9- T11 Intercostal nerves. T12 subcostal nerve - Artery: Posterior intercostal arteries/veins
Bottom green
Multifidus - sacral - Origin: Sacral groove of dorsal sacrum. Erector spinae, Posterior sacroiliac ligaments, PSIS - Insertion: SP 2-4 levels above origin - Action: Bilaterally: Spine extension & lateral flexion. Unilaterally= contralateral spine rotation - Nerve: Dorsal Rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: Local dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries
Bottom yellow
Inferior border: Obliquus capitis inferior - Origin: SP of axis - Insertion: TP of atlas - Action: Rotates atlas and head - Nerve: Dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve) - Artery: Vertebral artery branches
Burgandy
Rhomboid major - Origin: SP T2-T5 and its supraspinous ligament - Insertion: Medial border of scapula, below the spine - Action: Adduction, inferior rotation - Nerve: C5 Dorsal scapular nerve - Artery: Dorsal scapular artery
Cobalt blue, lowest of the 3
Suboccipital nerve, vertebral artery
Content (through the triangle)
Medial border: Rectus capitis posterior major - Origin: SP of axis (C2) - Insertion: Occipital bone: inferior nuchal line and below - Action: Head extension and same side rotation - Nerve: Dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve) - Artery: Vertebral artery branches
Dark blue
Splenius capitis. Spinotransversalis - Origin: Ligamentum nuchae (inferior half), SP C7-T2 - Insertion: Mastoid process, superior nuchal line (lateral end) - Action: Bilaterally = head and neck extension. Unilaterally=lateral flexion & same side rotation - Nerve: Dorsal rami of middle and lower cervical nerves - Artery: Descending branch of occipital arteries. Deep cervical arteries
Dark blue
Longissimus: Thoracis - Origin: Sacrum (posterior aspect), TP's, TP's, Lumbar vertebrae accessory processes - Insertion: TP T1-T12, Ribs T3-T12 between tubercles & angles - Action: Bilaterally = spine extension. Unilaterally = lateral flexion and rotation - Nerve: Dorsal rami of local spinal nerves, lower thoracis, lumbar - Artery: Posterior intercostal arteries (Upper/lower branches), subcostal artery
Dark purple
Rhomboid minor - Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, SP C7-T1 - Insertion: Base of spine, medial border - Action: Adduction, inferior rotation - Nerve: C5 Dorsal scapular nerve - Artery: Dorsal scapular artery
Darkest blue
Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
Floor
Semi-spinalis: Thoracis. Transversospinalis - Origin: TP T6-T10 - Insertion: SP C6-T5 - Action: Bilaterally: Spine extension & lateral flexion. Unilaterally= contralateral spine rotation - Nerve: Dorsal Rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: Local dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries
Green
Iliocostalis: Cervicis - Origin: Ribs 3-6 angle - Insertion: TP C4- C6 - Action: Bilaterally = spine extension. Unilaterally = lateral flexion and rotation - Nerve: Dorsal rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: Occipital arteries, deep cervical arteries, vertebral arteries
Light blue
Rectus capitis posterior minor - Origin: Tubercle of posterior arch of atlas - Insertion: Inferior nuchal line and below to foramen magnum - Action: Head extension - Nerve: Dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve) - Artery: Vertebral artery branches
Light blue
Splenius cervicis. Spinotransversalis - Origin: SP T3-T6 - Insertion: TP C1-C2 - Action: Bilaterally = head and neck extension. Unilaterally=lateral flexion & same side rotation - Nerve: Dorsal rami of lower cervical nerves - Artery: Descending branch of occipital arteries. Deep cervical arteries
Light blue
Iliocostalis: Thoracis - Origin: Ribs 7-12 angle - Insertion: Ribs 1-6 angle, TP C7 - Action: Bilaterally = spine extension. Unilaterally = lateral flexion and rotation - Nerve: Dorsal rami of local spinal nerves, of upper thoracic spinal nerves, of lower thoracic spinal nerves. - Artery: Posterior intercostal arteries, occipital arteries, deep cervical arteries.
Light green
Longissimus: Cervicis - Origin: TP: T1-T5 or T6 - Insertion: TP C2-C6 - Action: Bilaterally = spine extension. Unilaterally = lateral flexion and rotation - Nerve: Dorsal rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: occipital arteries, deep cervical arteries, vertebral arteries
Light purple
Levator scapulae - Origin: TP of C1-C4 (posterior tubercles) - Insertion: Superior angle and medial border of scapula - Action: Elevates spine, inferior rotation of scapula, adduction - Nerve: Dorsal scapular nerve - Artery: Dorsal scapular artery
Lightest blue
Intertransversarii lumborum lateralis (anterior & posterior) - Origin: TP's - Insertion: TP's - Action: ? - Nerve: Ventral rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: Local dorsal branches of lumbar arteries
Lower purple lateral
Multifidus - lumbar - Origin: Mamillary processes - Insertion: 2-4 levels above origin - Action: Bilaterally: Spine extension & lateral flexion. Unilaterally= contralateral spine rotation - Nerve: Dorsal Rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: Local dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries
Lower yellow
Rotatores - thoracis - Origin: TP's - Insertion: Base of spine 1 or 2 levels above - Action: Bilaterally=spine extension & lateral flexion. Unilaterally=contralateral spine rotation - Nerve: Dorsal rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: Dorsal branches posterior intercostal arteries
Middle orange
Spinalis: cervicis - Origin: Ligamentum nuchae (lower part), SP C7-T2 - Insertion: SP C2 (C3-C4) - Action: Bilaterally = spine extension. Unilaterally = lateral flexion and rotation - Nerve: Dorsal rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: occipital arteries, deep cervical arteries, vertebral arteries
Middle red (not visible)
Multifidus - Thoracic - Origin: TP's - Insertion: SP 2-4 levels above origin - Action: Bilaterally: Spine extension & lateral flexion. Unilaterally= contralateral spine rotation - Nerve: Dorsal Rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: Local dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries
Middle yellow
Lattisimus Dorsi - Origin: Aponeurosis fused w/ thoracolumbar fascia. Inferior angle of scapula, ribs 9-12, posterior part of iliac crest. Supraspinous ligament T6-SACRUM - Insertion: Bottom of intertubercular groove of humerus - Action: Extension, adduction, medial rotation - Nerve: C6, C7, C8 Thoracodorsal nerve (middle subscapular) - Artery: Thoracodorsal artery
Pink
Intertransversarii. Interspinalis (not pictured) - Action: Spine extension - Nerve: Dorsal rami - Artery: Dorsal branches of ascending cervical arteries, posterior intercostal arteries, and lumbar arteries
Purple
Semi-spinalis: cervicis. Transversospinalis - Origin: TP T1-T6, - Insertion: SP C2-C5 - Action: Bilaterally: Spine extension & lateral flexion. Unilaterally= contralateral spine rotation - Nerve: Dorsal Rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: deep cervical, vertebral arteries
Purple
Lateral border: Obliquus capitis superior - Origin: TP's of atlas - Insertion: Between superior & inferior nuchal line - Action: Head extension & lateral flexion - Nerve: Dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve) - Artery: Vertebral artery branches
Red
Trapezius: Lower - Origin: SP T7-T12 - Insertion: scapula base tubercle - Action: Scapular superior rotation, draws downward, adduction - Nerve: Cranial Nerve XI - spinal accessory. Subtrapezial nerve plexus (C3, C$) - Artery: Transverse Cervical Nerve
Red bottom
Trapezius: Middle - Origin: SP C7-T6 - Insertion: acromion, scapula spine - Action: scapular adduction - Nerve: Cranial Nerve XI - spinal accessory. C3, C4 (proprio) ventral rami branches - Artery: Transverse Cervical Nerve
Red middle
Trapezius: Superior - Origin: EOP, Superior nuchal line (medial 1/3), ligamentum nuchae, SP C7 - Insertion: Lateral 3rd Clavicle - Action: Shoulder Elevation, Scapular adduction, scapular superior rotation - Nerve: Cranial Nerve XI - spinal accessory. C3, C4 (proprio) ventral rami branches - Artery: Transverse Cervical Nerve
Red top
Semi-spinalis capitis
Roof
Serratus posterior superior - Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, inferior end of aponeurosis,nSP C7-T3 and its supraspinous ligament - Insertion: Ribs 2-5 lateral to angles - Action: Elevation of ribs - Nerve: T2- T4 Intercostal nerves - Artery: Posterior intercostal arteries/veins
Top green
Multifidus - Cervical - Origin: Articular process C4-C7 - Insertion: SP 2-4 levels above origin - Action: Bilaterally: Spine extension & lateral flexion. Unilaterally= contralateral spine rotation - Nerve: Dorsal Rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: Local dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries
Top yellow
Rotatores - cervicis - Origin: Articular processes - Insertion: Base of spine 1 or 2 levels above - Action: Bilaterally=spine extension & lateral flexion. Unilaterally=contralateral spine rotation - Nerve: Dorsal rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: Dorsal branches of ascending cervical arteries
Upper Orange
Spinalis: capitis - Origin: Part of semispinalis capitis, SP C7-T1 - Insertion: Occipital bone between superior & inferior nuchal line - Action: Bilaterally = spine extension. Unilaterally = lateral flexion and rotation - Nerve: Dorsal rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: occipital arteries, deep cervical arteries, vertebral arteries
Upper red (not visible)
Longissimus: capitis - Origin: Tp T1-T5 or T6. Articular process of C4-C7 - Insertion: Mastoid process (deep to splenius capitus), sternocleidomastoid - Action: Bilaterally = spine extension. Unilaterally = lateral flexion and rotation - Nerve: Dorsal rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: occipital arteries, deep cervical arteries, vertebral arteries
White
Interspinalis - lumborum - Origin: SP T12-S1 - Insertion: SP T12-S1 - Action: Extension - Nerve: Dorsal rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: Local dorsal branches of lumbar arteries
lower
Rotatores - lumborum - Origin: Mammillary processes - Insertion: Inferior margin of lamina above - Action: Bilaterally=spine extension & lateral flexion. Unilaterally=contralateral spine rotation - Nerve: Dorsal rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: Dorsal branches of lumbar arteries
lower orange
Intertransversarir lumborum medialis - Origin: Accessory process - Insertion: Mamillary processes - Action: Extension & lateral flexion - Nerve: Dorsal rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: Local dorsal branches of lumbar arteries
lower purple medial
Interspinalis - Thoracis - Origin: SP T1-T3, T11-T12 - Insertion: SP T1-T3, T11-T12 - Action: Extension - Nerve: Dorsal rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: Local dorsal branches of posterior thoracic arteries
middle
Intertransversarii thoracic - Origin: TP T9-L1 - Insertion: TP T9-L1 - Action: Extension & lateral flexion - Nerve: Dorsal rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: Local dorsal branches of posterior thoracic arteries
middle purple
Levatores costarum brevis & longus - Origin: TP C7-T11 - Insertion: 1 or 2 ribs below origin between the tubercle and angle - Action: Elevate ribs, lateral flexion, spine rotation - Nerve: Local dorsal primary rami (C8-T11) - Artery: Local branches of posterior intercostal arteries
orange
Spinalis: thoracis - Origin: SP T11-T12 - Insertion: SP T1-T8 - Action: Bilaterally = spine extension. Unilaterally = lateral flexion and rotation - Nerve: Dorsal rami of local, upper/lower thoracic - Artery: Posterior intercostal arteries (upper/lower dorsal branches), subcostal arteries
red
Interspinalis - Cervicis - Origin: Apices of SP C2-T1 - Insertion: Apices of SP C2-T1 - Action: Extension - Nerve: Dorsal rami of local spinal nerves - Artery: Local dorsal branches of ascending cervical arteries
upper
Intertransversarii cervicis anterior & posterior - Origin: TP C2-T1 - Insertion: C2-T1 - Action: Extension & lateral flexion - Nerve: Ventral rami except medial part of muscle is supplied by dorsal rami - Artery: Local dorsal branches of ascending cervical arteries
upper purple
Iliocostalis: Lumborum - Origin: Common tendon of origin - lateral part, iliac crest, sacrum - Instertion: Ribs 7-12 lateral to angles - Action: Bilaterally = spine extension. Unilaterally = lateral flexion and rotation - Nerve: Dorsal rami of lower thoracic nerves, of lumbar spinal nerves - Artery: Lateral sacral arteries or dorsal branches, posterior intercostal arteries, lumbar arteries.
yellow
