Unit 4

Which word best describes how social learning works?

modeling

David wears a blue shirt on the day he is taking a psychology test that he does not expect to do well on. To his surprise, he does well on the test. Now he wears this same blue shirt every time he takes a test. Which of the following explains David's behavior?

a behavior that is accidentally reinforced is more likely to be repeated

B.F. Skinner would MOST likely agree with which of the following statements?

"everything we do is in response to the rewards and punishments of our environment"

In which therapy method would biofeedback be MOST useful?

systematic desensitization

Wylie used to love steak, but once she ate it right before she got the stomach flu, and now she cannot even look at a steak without feeling ill. This is an example of which of the following?

taste aversion

Stephen breaks up with his girlfriend who, being distraught by her loss, continues to try to call him to work things out. After he ignores five of her calls, Stephen answers the sixth to explain that their relationship is over and that she needs to move on. However, this only makes her calling behavior increase. Which of the following BEST explains why her calling behavior increases?

the partial reinforcement effect

Julie is tired of picking up her five-year-old son's toys every day. She has decided to use operant conditioning to train him to pick up his own toys. Her friend recommends the use of primary positive reinforcement. Which of the following BEST describes a way Julie could use primary positive reinforcement to encourage her son to pick up his toys?

Julie could give her son a cookie every night he picks up his toys

What is the most important conclusion to draw from Albert Bandura's "Bobo Doll" experiment?

children can learn behaviors through observation and imitation

Jerry goes out to eat with his friends at a local restaurant. After getting food poisoning, Jerry gets nauseous whenever he sees or hears about the place. In terms of classical conditioning, the restaurant has become a...

conditioned stimulus

Maddie is a beagle puppy always looking for her next meal. As soon as she hears the rustle of the dog food bag, she hits the floor running to the kitchen in anticipation of dinner. As she has grown older, she has learned to recognize the difference between the rustle of her owner's chip bags and that of her dog food. She no longer runs to the kitchen when her owner gets some chips for himself. According to classical conditioning, what are the sound of the bag rustling AND Maddie's ability to tell the difference between the bags, respectively?

conditioned stimulus;discrimination

Savante has just started a new job at a popular clothing store. He will be paid every Friday afternoon for the hours he has worked. Which of the following BEST describes the schedule of reinforcement of Savante's paycheck?

fixed interval

Jackson's brother punches him on the arm several times over the course of a weekend. By Sunday, Jackson flinches when his brother raises his arm anywhere near him. In this example, what is the conditioned response?

flinching to his brother raising his arm

After watching his older brother make train sounds, two-year-old Finn starts making trains sounds and quoting things his brother says. Which form of learning is Finn demonstrating?

observational learning

Jennifer sprays her cat in the face with water every time he jumps on the counter. Which of the following types of learning is Jennifer employing with her cat?

operant conditioning

Which of the following statements explains why some conditioned associations or behaviors are acquired faster than others?

organisms have biological predispositions to learn conditioned associations and behaviors that will aid their survival, so they acquire those targets faster