A+ 13.7 IPv6
three different address types of IPv6 addresses
Unicast multicast anycast
IPv6 addresses used to identify a single interface
Unicast addresses
With stateless auto-configuration, the host does not need to obtain ____ from a centralized ___ like ___. Instead, it can actually independently assign itself a ___, test the ___ of that, assign the ___ to itself, contact the ___ and provide direction to the node about how to proceed with the auto-configuration. And it can even configure the ___ that it wants to use.
addresses or other configuration information server , DHCP link-local address, uniqueness link-local address, router global unicast address
What does DHCPv6 do over SLACC?
allows you to assign what addresses each interface is going to get instead of allowing them to use the auto-configuration protocol of SLAAC
What happened to IPv5?
it was created but never fully adopted as an official protocol or standard. It never went into production.
Now, whenever an IPv6 system starts up, it's going to actually create a ___ for each IPv6 interface on that system, even if a ____ was already manually configured or obtained through a configuration protocol like __ To do this, it's going to use something known as:
link-local address , globally-routable address , DHCP SLAAC, the stateless address auto-configuration
A link-local address is also called a: How is it used?
local use address similar to a private IP address in IPv4 - can only be used on a LAN.
IPv6 address used to identify a group of interfaces so that a packet can be sent to that same type of address and then be delivered to all the interfaces within a group
multicast addresses
IPv6 is a huge improvement over IPv4 in terms of ___
number of addresses available
IPv6 uses a _____-long address as opposed to IPv4's ____-long address.
128-bit 32-bit
How many IP addresses are available in IPv6?
2 to the 128th power - 340 undecillion IP addresses
how many hexadecimal digits inside an IPv6 address?
32
What is an IPv6 made up of entirely?
8 segments separated by colons, each is made up of four hexadecimal digits, each of which are four bits. This is a total of 128-bits. (8x4x4)
What is NDP? (Name and meaing)
Neighbor discovery protocol it's used in IPv6 and it takes a lot of the functions from router advertisement and neighbor discovery and handles them for you
IPv6 address used to identify a set of interfaces so that a packet can be sent to any member of a set
Anycast address
If you didn't want to use EUI-64 for some reason, you could use: This automatically assigns things from a ___. But since the auto-configuration process with EUI-64 is already ____, you really don't need to use ___
DHCPv6 protocol DHCPv6 server built into the IPv6 protocol by default DHCPv6
network equipment that can run both IPv4 protocols and IPv6 protocols on the same network devices simultaneously
Dual Stack
EUI-64 stands for
Extended Unique Identifier (64-bit)
This process will allow a host to assign itself a unique 64-bit IPv6 interface identifier
Extended Unique Identifier (EUI-64)
What will a link-local address always start with?
FE80 as its first segment
In IPv6, a multicast address will always contain:
FF as the first two digits of the first segment
similar to what we have as a public address with IPv4 using unicast A, B, and C class addresses
Globally-routed unicast addresses
Categories of unicast addresses
Globally-routed unicast addresses Link-local addresses
How can you distinguish IPv4 vs IPv6?
IPv4 uses dotted decimal notation, separated by periods. IPv6 uses colon-separated hexademical notation
With dual stack devices, if a client supports ___, the router switch would prefer to use itand will talk under that method. If it can't, it will use ___
IPv6 IPv4
Even if you only have one NIC on your workstation/laptop, you could have multiple ____ addresses and different types of ____ assigned to that one card
IPv6 IPv6
One of the main things that distinguishes IPv6 from IPv4 is you can assign multiple ______ to a single _______ These assignments can be a mixture of:
IPv6 addresses interface on a client Unicast, multicast, or anycast
how does tunneling work?
IPv6 packets are encapsulated within IPv4 headers, and the IPv6 data is carried over IPv4 routers. it does this by created a point-to-point tunnel between the source and destination
What are one of the main problems IPv4?
It is in limited in address space. Since there's only 32 bits that make up an IPv4 address - it only gives 4.2 billion combinations. May sound like a lot - but the amount of available IPv4 addresses started to run out. This is known as network exhaustion.
What address can be commonly confused with IPv6? What is it comprised of?
MAC addresses it will be 12 hexadecimal digits, separated in 6 groups of two. example: 12:34:56:78:90:AB
One of the biggest benefits of IPv6
Much larger address space
in IPv6, there is an auto-configuration process known as ___, and we use this to discover the ___ and then ___ using a process known as ___.
SLAAC, current network that the interface is located on allow it to select its own host ID based on its MAC address EUI-64
SLAAC stands for
Stateless address auto-configuration
What will a globally-routed unicast IPv6 address always start with?
The first segment contains a number between 2000-3999. For example, the IPv6 address of 2584:0db8:8583:1234:5678:882e:0370:7334 would be globally-routed as a unicast address because its first segment contains 2584, which is between 2000 and 3999
Both Zero shorthand rules for IPv6
any time a segment contains 4 consecutive 0s, it can be shortened to one single 0 2018: 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 54ae becomes 2018: 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 54ae This could be even further shortened using a double colon, if there is a string of consecutive colon-separated zeroes with nothing in between. It can only be used once, however. 2018 :: 54ae
IPv6 is fully ___ with IPv4.
backwards compatible
What does tunneling allow for?
clients and servers can communicate without needing to upgrade everything to IPv6. Using older infrastructure that still uses IPv4.
IPv6 has increased the ___ of our networks by removing ___ IPv6 is also more ___ because there is no ____ within the IPv6 standard There's also no ___ for discovery within each session unlike IPv4 which contain an ___ with a certain size for each packet.
efficiency IPv4's broadcast data flow type secure , packet or datagram fragmentation maximum transmission units , MTU
In hexadecimal, each digit is __. This allows an IPv6 address to be represented by combining four ____ together to make up a ____
four bits hexadecimal digits, segment
In IPv4, if I sent you a packet that was larger than your maximum transmission unit size, it would actually ___. And then when it reached its destination, it would be ___. This was actually a ___. .It also required extra ___ and it could actually ___ your networks because it become in a very inefficient way of doing things in our modern networks with higher internet connection speeds. So with IPv6, they decided to do away with __ completely.
fragment that and send it over the network reassembled and read, security risk processing, slow down fragmentation
One benefit of IPv6 is its simplified ___
header
What notation is used for IPv6?
hexadecimal notation
The EUI-64 format address is obtained by using the ._____ The first half of that ^ contains the _____ the second half contains ____ In between those goes. What is the value of each of these three pieces in bits? This all creates a ______
host interface's 48-bit MAC address OUI - Organizational Unique Identifier the specific network interface card a 16-bit hexadecimal value of FFFE Values OUI + FFFE + NIC = EUI-64 format address 24 bits + 16 bits + 24 bits = 64-bit address unicast globally-routable IPv6 address
Part of an IPv6 address that has 16 bits in it
segment
allows your older IPv4 routers to still carry IPv6 traffic
tunneling
Anycast addresses are actually allocated from the ___ space. So there's really no way to determine if an IPv6 address is ___ or __ just by looking at the IPv6 address
unicast address unicast , anycast