Anatomy Ch 2 Connect
a hydrophobic organic compound composed mainly of carbon and a high ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is a:
Lipid
The term anabolism applies to metabolic reactions that do which of the following?
build large molecules from small molecules
Which term can apply to a molecule composed of two or more different elements?
compound
List of lipids:
eicosanoids phospholipid steriods triglyceride fatty acids
list of monosaccharides
galactose glucose fructose
identify the polysaccharide used for energy stored in animals:
glycogen
A _________ is a protein molecule with a smaller carbohydrate covalently bonded to it.
glycoprotein
Adding together the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule gives a value known as its ____________ weight.
molecular
Nucleotides are the subunit of the macromolecule type called ______ ______.
nucleic acids
the __________ level of protein structure is determined by the interactions between 2 or more polypeptide chains within a protein.
quaternary
inorganic elements that are extracted from the soil by plants and passed up the food chain are known as-
minerals
indicate how pH and temperature affect the activity of an enzyme:
- altering the shape of the binding site - causing a conformational change in the enzyme
Which of the following statements about molecular weight of a molecule are true?
- it is useful for calculating concentration - it is equal to the sum of the atomic weights - it is measured in amu
These statements are true of proteins:
- they make up molecules that transport oxygen - catalyze chemical reactions - they act as receptors on cells surfaces
Which of the following apply to catalyst?
- they may bind to reactants and bring them to proximity - they may position reactants in such a way as to favor their reaction - they are not consumed by the reaction
Components of triglyceride-
3 fatty acids and glycerol
Name the energy molecule that is produced by cellular respiration and used in metabolic reactions.
ATP
a proton (H+) donor, or chemical that releases protons into solution is a-
Acid
which monosaccharide is the monomer that forms glycogen and starch?
Glucose
Isotopes differ from one another by containing different numbers of which subatomic particle?
Neutrons
Which term is used to mean a chain of more than 15 amino acids?
Nucleotide
Which organic molecules are composed of a nitrogenous base, a monosaccharide, and a phosphate group?
Nucleotides
Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?
Sharing of electrons between 2 atoms
Which term defines a substance that consists of a solute dissolved in a more abundant substance called solvent?
Solution
A base is a compound that acts as a proton-
acceptor
the energy required to initiate or begin a chemical reaction is called _______ energy
activation
Which are true regarding metabolism?
all chemical reactions, molecules are synthesized, molecules are broken down. 2 divisions: catabolism: break covalent bonds & energy releasing - exergonic anabolism: energy storing. - endergonic
the _____ family of macromolecules are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio and includes sugars, starches, glycogen, and cellulose.
carbohydrate
_____ are substances that lower the activation energy of a reaction and speed up the rate of reaction.
catalysts
Which term refers to an attractive force caused by the sharing or transfer of electrons?
chemical bond
A pure chemical substance that consists of one type of atom is called-
element
Molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are examples of:
macromolecules
Which of the following molecules are the major component of the plasma membrane?
phospholipid
What is the generic term for any chain of 15 or more amino acids to join together by peptide bonds?
polypeptide
In a solution, the more abundant substance that dissolves another substance is known as what?
solvent
______ is an energy storage polysaccharide of plants
starch
a fatty acid with one double bond within its carbon chain would be categorized as a ________ fat.
unsaturated