Chapter 16

Reformation

A 16th-century religious movement marked by the establishment of the Protestant Church.

Cubism

A 20th-century art movement developed mainly by Picasso and Braque in which the subject matter is broken up, analyzed, and reassembled in an abstract form, emphasizing geometric shapes.

Abstract Expressionism

A 20th-century style in which feelings and emotions are emphasized. Accident and chance are stressed rather than accurate representation of subject matter.

Surrealism

A 20th-century;literary and artistic movement that attempts to express the workings of the subconscious and is characterized by fantastic imagery and incongruous juxtaposition of subject matter.

Dada

A European artistic and literary movement that flouted conventional aesthetic and cultural values by producing works marked by nonsense, travesty, and incongruity.

Regionalism

A conservative art style developed in the United States that dealt with local themes, particularly the everyday life of rural Americans.

Art Nouveau

A decorative style of art, popular in Europe and America from the 1880s to the 1930s. This style is usually characterized by flowing lines, flat shapes, and vines and flowers.

Postmodern

A loosely defined term referring to a new cycle in art history and culture in general.

Realism

A mid-19th-century style in which artist turned to painting familiar scenes and events as they actually appeared in nature in the belief that subject matter should be shown true to life, without stylization or idealization, as in neoclassicism and Romanticism.

Arts and Crafts Movement

A movement in architecture and decorative arts flourishing in England and the United States from about 1870 to 1920 and characterized by simplicity of design, hand-crafted objects, and use of local material.

Pre-Raphaelite

A painter or writer belonging to or influenced by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, a society founded in England in 1848 to advance the style and spirit of Italian painting before Raphael.

Baroque

A period and style in 17th-century European art in which painters, sculptures and architects used dramatic movement, light, soaring spatial illusion, and ornate detail to encourage emotional involvement.

Enlightenment

A philosophical movement of the eighteenth century marked by faith in science and reason.

Industrial Revolution

A significant change in the economies of Western Europe and the United States during the 19th-century marked by the introduction of power-driven machinery and mass production.

Post-Impressionism

A style developed in the 1880s in France in reaction to Impressionism. It included artist such as Cezanne, Seurat, Gauguin, and van Gogh. The first two artist explored the formal structure of art while the other two championed the expression of personal feeling.

Conceptual Art

A style emphasizing the idea behind the work of art rather than the work itself. Artist try to deemphasize the artwork in favor of the concept in order to demonstrate that the conception of the work is more important than the product.

Neoclassicism

A style of art in the 19th-century in which artist and critics sought inspiration from the classical art of ancient Greece and Rome and imitated its themes, simplicity, order, and balance.

Romanticism

A style of art that flourished in the early 19th-century. It emphasized personal emotions, dramatic action, and exotic settings using literary and historical subject matter.

Rococo

An 18th-century style of art and interior decoration which emphasized portraying the carefree life of the wealthy. Love and romance were portrayed rather than historical or religious subjects.

Fauvism

An 20th-century style of painting developed in France. The artists, led by Matisse, used brilliant and explosive color to express the inner quality of their subject, rather than how they appeared in nature. They were called "Wild Beast" because critics thought they used colors in a violent, uncontrolled way.

Expressionism

An art movement developed at the end of the 19th-century and the beginning of the 20th-century in Germany. This style emphasized the expression of the artist's emotions through the use of strong color, exploitation of media , and the use of suggestive and symbolic imagery.

Pop Art

An art style developed in the 1950s. This artist depicted and satirized popular culture such as mass-media symbols, comic strips, fast food, billboards, and brand-name products.

Impressionism

The first of the modern art movements, developed in France during he second half of the 19th-century. It emphasized the momentary effects of light on color in nature.