csc 155 chapter 4

This application allows millions of people to share music, movies, and other files over the Internet:

kazaa

Compilers and translators are one form of

software

Software companies use several methods to stop ________ because programming is difficult and software development is expensive.

software piracy

The ________ commands are designed to help answer the common computer user's question, "Where's my stuff?"

Search and Find

When a user purchases software, ________ is actually purchased.

....

Windows Phone ________ is a relatively new operating system for mobile phones.

7

The ________ operating system used a command-line interface.

MS-DOS

What is the name of the operating system that is rarely found on personal computers or laptops but is used in servers and high-end workstations?

UNIX

What is the most recent version of Windows?

WIndows 7

Wikipedia, a collection of Web pages that can be edited by anyone, is an example of a

Web application

An application designed for a particular business is called

a vertical-market application.

A set of step-by-step procedures for accomplishing a task is known as a(n)

algorithm

________ is when the operating system is loaded into RAM.

booting

Errors in a software program are referred to as

bugs?

Sectors on disk drives are grouped into

clusters

For software to run optimally it must be ________ with hardware.

compatible

The three major categories of software defined by your textbook are

compilers and translator programs, software applications, and system software.

This type of menu offers choices based on what object you have selected in a program:

context-sensitive menu.

According to ________ law, it is illegal to produce, distribute, or use technology that circumvents digital rights management.

copyright

Some software CDs and DVDs are ________ with digital rights management (DRM) technology to ensure that they can't be duplicated with conventional copying techniques.

copyright

Nearly all commercial software is

copyrighted

All of the following types of software can be legally copied and shared freely EXCEPT

copyrighted software.

When a programmer checks to see if a program functions correctly and then corrects errors, it is known as

debugging

Most companies use ________ numbers to indicate minor revisions and whole numbers to indicate major revisions.

decimal

Minor revisions in software are often reflected in the use of

decimal numbers

The program that allows I/O devices to communicate with the computer is known as a(n)

device driver.

A(n) ________ program translates all Windows-related instructions into instructions the Mac's

emulation

EULA stands for

end-user license agreement

High-level language falls between natural human language and precise human language.

false

Languages such as C# and C++ are known as low-level languages.

false

Most game machines and smart phones store their operating systems permanently in RAM.

false

The instruction execution cycle three-step rhythm is

fetch the instruction, increment the program counter, and perform the specified task.

When reading a program, the CPU ________ instructions from the program.

fetches and executes

Windows Explorer is an example of this type of utility:

file management

If you are having problems with an application because it is frozen, you can use the system's ________ option to get the program to close.

force quit

Putting electronic marks on a disk as tracks and sectors is known as

formatting

A ________ file is a file allocated to noncontiguous clusters.

fragmented

When a computer is turned on, where does it get the first instructions that it loads into RAM?

from ROM

All of the following are types of menus found in Windows, EXCEPT:

graphical menus

GUI refers to

graphical user interface.

Java is referred to as a(n)

high-level language.

Problems that software users encounter can be solved by using the following EXCEPT:

lifelines

Typical computer programming languages used today include all of the following EXCEPT:

machine language.

For a program to be read by the CPU, it must be loaded into

memory or random access memory (RAM).

When the operating system concurrently executes many programs, it is called

multitasking

Programs now resemble ________ much more than in the past.

natural language

When a computer is off, what is in RAM?

nothing

Machine language uses

numeric codes

Common in today's software, ________ supplement(s) the help files that are available at the user's request.

online help

Every general-purpose computer must have a(n)

operating system

If the computer is on and the computer is running properly, the ________ must be active and running.

operating system

This software is the bridge between your application software and the computer's hardware:

operating system

Application compatibility is usually defined by these two items

operating system and hardware.

This software is responsible for the location of all programs and files in the computer's file system:

operating system.

On multiuser systems, the ________ is responsible for authentication.

operating systems

The ________ driver functions as a behind-the-scenes intermediary whenever the user requests that a document be printed on a printer.

printer

A set of computer instructions designed to solve a specific problem is referred to as a

program

Software that is free to everyone is known as

public domain software

All of the following are helpful ways to deal with software problems EXCEPT:

replace the computer.

Software companies will release free ________ when they have a bundled update for a program.

service packs

Which software is free to use for a trial period, but requires some minimal payment after the trial period?

shareware

________ is what allows a computer to function as a word processor, then a browser, and then a spreadsheet.

software

________ enable(s) users to control computers without having to think like programmers

software applications

Operating systems and utility programs are in a class of software known as

system software

The program counter keeps track of

the address of the next instruction.

A compiler is

the most common type of translator program

What handles communication between the CPU and the disk drive(s)?

the operating system

Because the OS and application are in constant communication, control—the location in memory where the CPU is reading program instructions—stays in the same location.

true

Cross-platform software can be used on PCs and Macs.

true

Formatting a disk removes any information stored on a disk

true

Java is a platform-neutral programming language that was developed by Sun Microsystems. true

true

One of the things you can do you if a program freezes or your system crashes is reboot the system.

true

Restarting a computer is also known as rebooting.

true

The operating system is responsible for authentication and authorization.

true

Three fundamental categories of software are compilers, software applications, and system software.

true

You can use a file-management utility to see the location of a file or folder in a storage device's hierarchy and view its pathname.

true

Some programs have features that a user may need to learn how to utilize. One way to learn how to utilize features in software is

tutorials

The process of eliminating problems and errors and improving the software is known as

upgrading

________ is the look and feel of the computing experience from a human point of view.

user interface

These programs serve as tools for doing system maintenance and repairs that are not handled by the operating system:

utility programs

________ is useful when there isn't enough RAM to store all of the necessary data and instructions for currently running applications.

virtual memory

This allows multiple operating systems to exist as one machine:

virtualization.

A campus or a mid-size company may purchase ________ so all users have legal access to the software.

volume licenses

Utility programs make it easier to complete all of the following EXCEPT:

write a letter