Joints

The main categories of moments that occur at synovial joints include:

all of these Gliding Rotation Angular Movements Special movements

Which of the following is a type of angular movement?

all of these are examples of angular movement flexion extension abduction adduction

Bursae are saclike structures that are commonly found between bone and

all the other answer selections. skin. muscle. ligaments. tendons.

Shoulder and hip joints are examples of which type of synovial joint?

ball-and-socket joint

Which type of joint confers the greatest range of motion?

ball-and-socket joint

The indicated structure contains

cell bodies of sensory neurons

Which is made from dense regular connective tissue?

ligaments

Which of the following would not be a common occurrence at joints due to aging?

ligaments become stretched and lengthen

The gastrocnemius originates on the ______________ and inserts on the calcaneus.

medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur

The radial head articulating with the radial notch of the ulna represents what type of synovial joint?

pivot joint

Which is a correct description of arthroplasty?

surgically replacing a joint with an artificial joint

The ankle joint is a ________ synovial joint.

hinge

The elbow joint is a _______ synovial joint.

hinge

Studies have shown that ACL tears occur most frequently during the ovulatory phase in menstruating women. This example illustrates which factor affecting range of motion of a synovial joint?

hormones

Which of the following is an example of a uniaxial joint?

the hinge joint of the elbow

This joint is a complex and weight-bearing joint and is the most frequently injured joint in the body. The articular surfaces of the bones do not have complementary surfaces so the stability of the joint depends mostly on its ligaments and the muscles that move the joint.

the knee joint

When walking down stairs or a steep hill the knee is flexed. Which structure prevents the tibia from sliding too far posteriorly and the femur from sliding too far anteriorly?

the posterior cruciate ligament

The _______________ muscle originates on the fibula tibia and interosseus membrane and inserts on the tarsals and metatarsals.

tibialis posterior

Which type(s) of joint(s) lack(s) a synovial cavity? 1. Fibrous joints; 2. Cartilaginous joints; 3. Synovial joints.

1 and 2

Which type(s) of joint(s) lack(s) a joint cavity and is(are) held together by a fibrous connective tissue? 1. Fibrous joints; 2. Cartilaginous joints; 3. Synovial joints.

1 only

Which joints show evidence of degeneration in nearly all individuals as aging progresses?

All of these Knees Elbows Hips Shoulder

Abduction is represented in which two panels?

B and F

In the figure, what type of joint represents the atlanto-axial joint?

C

Which movement involves rotation, adduction, extension, abduction and flexion?

C

The acetabular labrum is an anatomical component of the ______ joint and the glenoid labrum is an anatomical component of the _____ joint.

Coxal; Glenohumeral

In the diagram, what represents a joint that allows the motion of 'nodding yes'?

D

Which type of synovial joint will have more movement at the expense of stability?

F

Hyperflexion occurs when the femur is displaced anteriorly and the tibia is displaced posteriorly. Which ligament should help prevent this movement?

Posterior cruciate ligament

Which muscle tendon at the shoulder joint of a baseball player is most likely to be injured due to excessive circumduction?

Supraspinatus

When a body builder flexes their biceps brachii what motion is occurring?

a decreased angle between articulating bones

A child has learned how to draw circles in the air by moving the distal end of the index (pointing) finger while holding the rest of his hand still. What type of movement is this?

circumduction

A common facial expression which indicates shock or surprise is when one's mouth drops open. The chin drops and the mouth opens wide. What type of movement is this (hint: it occurs at the temporomandibular joint)?

depression

The muscles of the anterior leg compartment work synergistically to __________ the foot.

dorsiflex

A gomphosis is which type of joint?

fibrous and a syndesmosis

The structure that the line is pointing to is attached to which other potion of this synovial joint?

fibrous capsule

The fibularis tertius muscle originates on the fibula and the interosseus membrane and inserts on the _______________.

fifth metatarsal

Which diseases is characterized by sodium urate crystals being deposited in the soft tissues of joints?

gouty arthritis

the indicated region:

is the posterior ramus

This joint is the largest and most complex of the body and consists of three joints contained within its synovial cavity.

knee joint

Which is a degenerative joint disease in which joint cartilage is gradually lost due to a combination of aging obesity wear and abrasion of the joints?

osteoarthritis

The difference between a sprain and a strain is that a sprain involves

overstretching ligaments while a strain is overstretching muscles

the indicated region is the

perineurium

The radioulnar joint allows a person to turn their hands so that the palms face anteriorly (as in anatomical position) or to face posteriorly. The radioulnar joint is an example of what type of synovial joint?

pivot joint

The muscles of the posterior leg compartment are responsible for ____________ of the foot.

plantar flexion

The hormone relaxin stimulates changes that lead to increased range of motion in the

pubic symphysis.

Which is an autoimmune disease that affects the joints?

rheumatoid arthritis

The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are connected by pads of fibrocartilage (the intervertebral discs). The articulations between adjacent vertebrae are called __________.

symphyses

Because it is an immovable joint the sagittal suture which joins the two parietal bones of the skull is classified as a _______.

synarthrosis

The epiphyseal plate in a growing long bone is an example of a

synchondrosis

What two non-synovial joints are seen in the picture?

syndesmosis and interosseous membrane

A fibrous joint in which there is a greater distance between the articulating surfaces and more dense irregular connective tissue than in a suture is called a

syndesmosis.

Most of the freely movable joints of the body could be classified both structurally and functionally as __________.

synovial and diarthroses