Nutrition Science

___________ is a condition characterized by the accumulation of scar tissue in the liver leading to its irreversible damage.

cirrhosis of the liver

The metabolic reaction that breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones is called __________.

catabolism

The chemical element found in all amino acids but not found in either carbohydrates or fats is

N

After absorption, amino acids travel to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.

True

A large quantity of ATP molecules is produced during ___________.

aerobic metabolism when adequate oxygen is present in the cell

The hormone insulin has a(n) ____________________effect.

anabolic

Proteins _____________.

are comprised of amino acids

An essential amino acid

cannot be synthesized in the body in sufficient quantity to meet body needs.

Energy is defined as____________.

capacity to perform work

Which of the following compounds can be used for energy? (Check all that apply)

carbs, proteins, lipids

The hormone epinephrine has a(n) __________________ effect.

catabolic

The hormone glucagon has a(n) _________________effect.

catabolic

Glucagon instructs liver cells to

degrade glycogen to release glucose

_____ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function.

denaturation

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein?

fat free milk

___________ is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose molecules.

glycogenolysis

_______________ is a type of malnutrition that results primarily from not consuming enough calories.

marasmus

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal protein?

peanut butter on crackers

In proteins, amino acids are joined by _______________ bonds.

peptide

_______________ does not eat any animal foods and consumes only plant products.

vegan