Sociology Final Exam Chapter 1-3

Assume you are studying society that has just invented cities, had increasing specialization, and has just started using money to buy and sell goods and services. It is likely that the society is at which stage of sociocultural evolution

Agrarian

Compared to an industrial society, a postindustrial society is based on

An information based economy

Sociologist define a symbol as

Anything that carries meaning to people who share a culture

Making use of the sociological perspective it

Challenges commonly-held beliefs

Counter culture refers to

Cultural patters that oppose those that are widely held in society

What is the term for the beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that together make up the way of life for a group of people

Culture

As a part of human culture, religion is an example of

Culture shock

The term ____ refers to a shared way of life, and the term _____ refers to a political entity

Culture; nation

The pioneering sociologist who studied patterns of suicide in Europe was

Emile Durkheim

A person who criticized the amish farmer as being backward for tilling his fields with horses and a plow instead of using a tractor is displaying

Ethnocentrism

The text describes using the sociological perspective as seeing the _______ in the _______

General; particular

If you were to attend a New York Ballet performance, you would be experiencing

High culture

The United States falls within which category of the world's nation

High-Income nations

Sociology differs from the older discipline of philosophy by focusing on

How society actually operates

Which type of human society had existed since about the year 1750s

Industrial Societies

Which pioneering sociologist founded Chicago's Hull House to assist immigrants and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?

Jane Addams

If you were to hear a sociologist speaking of class conflict as the "engine of change," which of the following people would it most likely be?

Karl Marx

According to Emile Durkheim, categories of people with a higher suicide rate typically have

Lower social integration

The recognized and intended consequences of social pattern are referred to as

Manifest functions

Almost all of Latin America and Asia falls into the category of

Middle-Income nations

______ distinguish between right and wrong; _____ distinguish between right and rude

Mores; folkways

The intangible world of ideas created by members of society is referred to as

Nonmaterial culture

Culture transmission refers to the process of

Passing cultural patterns from one generation to another

The social conflict approach draws attention to

Patters of social inequality

The spair-whorf thesis states that

People see the world through the cultural lens of their language, like Arabs have a number of words for camels

The "sociological imagination" of C. Wright Mills transformers

Personal problems into public issues

Among all forms of life, humans stand out as the only species that

Relies on culture to ensure their survival

Social structures sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society as a whole. What is the term for these negative consequences?

Social dysfunction

Which concept is used to described relatively stable patterns of social behavior

Social/Economic structure

Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"?

Sociology

Subculture refers to

Some cultural elements change more quickly than others

The term "cultural lag" refers to the fact that

Some cultural elements change more quickly than others

The main characteristics of the _____ approach is its view of society as being orderly and stable

Structural-functional approach

As our society had entered a postindustrial, computer based phase, gaining

Symbolic skills using computers had become more important

The basic idea of the symbolic interaction approach is that society is

The product of the people interacting in countless everyday situation

Among the societal historical changes that stimulated the development of sociology this discipline arose during the

The rise of the industrial period and the growth of cities

August Compte described the earliest human societies as being at which state of historical development

Theological stage

Which early U.S. black sociologist, who was a graduate of Harvard with a PhD., studied the African American community and served as a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored people (NAACP)

W.E.B. Du Bois

The chapter's sociological analysis of childbearing around the world suggests that the number of children born to a woman reflects

Whether she lives in a poor or rich society

In the United States today, the suicide rate is highest for which of the following?

White Males

a setting where a staff tried to radically change someones personality through carefully controlling the environment the environment is called a (n)

a total institution

Durkheim called the condition in which society provides little moral guidance to its individual as

anomie

Today, hunting and gathering societies

are close to disappearing from the world.

What concept refers to a person's fairly consistent pattern of acting, thinking, and feeling?

behavior

goffmans idea of the resocialization process included

breaking down an old identity then building up a new identity

Marx called those who own and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of profits

capitalists

in a total institution staff members

closely supervise all the daily life of inmates.

Jean Piaget's focus was on

cognition, or how people think and understand.

in freuds model of personality, which element of the personality represents a persons efforts to balance the demands of society and innate pleasure seeking drives

ego

marx described three alienations one is from the act of working two is the products of work and three is

from other workers

A good example of cultural lag is

gaining the ability to modify genetic patterns in humans before understanding the possible social consequences of doing so

Carol Gilligan extended Kohlberg's research, showing that

girls and boys typically assess situations as right and wrong using different standards

Applying Freud's thinking to a sociological analysis of personality development, you would conclude that

humans have basic, self-centered drives that must be controlled by learning the ways of society

Our basic drives or needs as humans are reflected in Freud's concept of the _______

id

In the historical perspective, the importance of the mass media to the socialization process has

increased over time

In her research, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross found that death

is an orderly transition involving specific stages

Ethnocentrism refers to

judging another culture using the standards of your own culture.

the focus of lawrence kohlbergs research was

moral reasoning

in the nature versus nurture debate sociologists claim that

nurture is more important than nature

how did weber describe the thought patters of the members of traditional societies

people pass the same values and beliefs from generation to generation

mead places the origin of the self on

people see themselves as they think others see them

erik eriksons view of socialization states that

personality develops over the entire life course in pattered stages

In hunting and gathering societies the

population is small and nomadic

According to Erving Goffman, the goal of a total institution is to

radically alter a persons personality or behavior

As the suffering of workers became worse, Marx predicted that they would

rise up against the capitalist system

according to piaget in what stage of human development do individuals experience the world only through sensory contact

sensorimotor stage

The driving force of social change, according to Marx, is

social conflict between classes

What concept refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture?

socialization

based on what you have read in this chapter you would correctly conclude that

society shapes how we act think and act

Agrarian technology developed based on the use of

the plow, animal power, and the development of metals.

weber traced the origins of the capitalist economy in europe to

the protestant reformation

The tragic case of Anna the isolated girl who was studied by Kingsley Davis, shows that

without social experience, a child is incapable of thought or meaningful action