socratives chapter 20

Smokers have ______________ times the number of mutations in their cancer cells as non-smokers who develop lung cancer.

10

Choose the term that matches the description. A _________ tumor does not spread or invade surrounding tissues. These are NOT cancerous.

Benign

A mutation in the p53 gene would result in which of the following? (Choose all that apply)

Cancer caused by a cell that has damaged DNA continually dividing Cancer caused by the failure of the cell to repair damaged DNA

Choose the appropriate characteristic of a cancer cell (This is how cancer cells are different than normal cells) based on the description provided: Cell surface has different types of proteins on its surface.

Cell surface antigens

Choose the appropriate characteristic of a cancer cell (This is how cancer cells are different than normal cells) based on the description provided: They may be less specialized than normal cell types.

Dedifferentiated

Please read the description that follows and choose the type of mutation that it matches to: provides the selective growth advantage to a cell that defines the cancerous state.

Driver Mutation

Please read the description that follows and choose the type of mutation that it matches to: are responsible for inherited cancers.

Germline Mutation

Choose the cancer treatment based on the description: A tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is a speacialized treatment based on genetic information.

Gleevec

______________ is a Cell surface protein that is the product of an oncogene. This is a receptor for epidermal growth factor that functions as a tyrosine kinase that send signals for division.

HER2

Choose the appropriate characteristic of a cancer cell (This is how cancer cells are different than normal cells) based on the description provided: They form new capillary extensions.

Induce angiogenesis

Choose the appropriate characteristic of a cancer cell (This is how cancer cells are different than normal cells) based on the description provided: Squeeze into any space that is available around them

Invasive

Choose the term that matches the description. A _________ tumor is cancerous and infiltrates nearby tissues.

Malignant

Choose the term that matches the description. The term that relates to a tumor spreading to other parts of the body via the blood and lymph vessels. This is what makes cancer lethal and difficult to detect.

Metastasis

Choose the appropriate characteristic of a cancer cell (This is how cancer cells are different than normal cells) based on the description provided: They move to new locations in the body.

Metastasize

Please read the description that follows and choose the type of mutation that it matches to: Which type of mutation does not cause cancer and can occur in cancerous and noncancerous cells?

Passenger Mutation

Choose the cancer treatment based on the description: Destroys all rapidly dividing cells but also destroys healthy cells.

Radiation and Chemotherapy

Please read the description that follows and choose the type of mutation that it matches to: occurs in non-sex cells and is responsible for sporadic cancers.

Somatic Mutation

Choose the cancer treatment based on the description: a first line treatment that is utilized if the cancer has not invaded healthy tissue and spread through the blood stream. Used to remove the primary tumor

Surgery

Gametes can maintain their telomere length through the use of an enzyme known as _______________.

Telomerase

Too many copies of HER2 protein result in which of the following?

Too many signals sent telling cells to divide resulting in breast cancer

Choose the appropriate characteristic of a cancer cell (This is how cancer cells are different than normal cells) based on the description provided: Proliferates when injected into a healthy animal.

Transplantable

Genes that funciton in cell cycle control and when these are deleted or inactivated lead to cancer are known as ______________.

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Choose the appropriate characteristic of a cancer cell (This is how cancer cells are different than normal cells) based on the description provided: They grow without regard to any normal control mechanisms such as contact inhibition and density inhibition.

Unusual cell growth

Which of the following events at the cellular level can result in the development of cancer? (Choose all that apply)

activation of cancer stem cells defective tissue repair Dedifferentiation Increased proportion of stem cells within a tissue

Growth of new blood vessels in and around a tumor is called __________________ .

angiogenesis

_____________ is an abnormal growth (tumor) that spreads and invades surrounding tissues

cancer

_______________ are substances that cause cancer.

carcinogens

All tumors are cancerous.

false

Cancer develops when a cell divides less frequently than it should.

false

Tumor supressor genes cause cancer when they are activated.

false

_____________ cancers are caused by mutations in alleles in a germline cell (sperm or oocyte)

inherited

Genes that normally controls the cell cycle but causes cancer when overexpressed are known as ______________.

oncogenes

The __________ gene determines if a cell repairs DNA replication errors or is going to die by apoptosis.

p53

Genes that normally promote cell division when it is appropriate are called ____________________ .

proto-oncogenes

____________ cancers are caused by somatic mutations.

sporadic

_______________ is a first line treatment that is utilized if the cancer has not invaded healthy tissue and spread through the blood stream. Used to remove the primary tumor

surgery

Cancer can result from inappropriately activated telomerase enzyme.

true

Inherited cancers are caused by mutation in germline cells like the sperm or oocyte.

true

Oncogenes can cause cancer due to excessive responses to a growth factor.

true

Patients with HER2 breast cancer have affected breast cells that have extra HER2 receptors that bind epidermal growth factor receiving too many signals to divide.

true

SPORADIC cancers can be caused by recessive or dominant mutations in a somatic cell.

true

Telomerase is turned on in cancer genes.

true

The inherited disease Retinoblastoma is caused by a germline mutation in one Retinoblastoma allele and a somatic mutation on the other allele.

true

A ___________, which is a growth, forms due to the fact that a cell has escaped the normal control over its rate of division (mitosis).

tumor