#3 Ch. 5-6

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​Which of the following nutritional habits can increase susceptibility to a variety of diseases and health problems? a. ​High-salt diets. b. ​High-fat diets. c. ​Low-fiber diets. d. ​All of these.

All of these

Which of the following is NOT a source of self-efficacy? a. ​Mastering new skills. b. ​Vicarious experiences. c. ​Encouragement from others. d. ​Comparison to others.

Comparison to others.

_______________ is a sense of grandiose self-importance. a. ​Self-esteem b. ​Narcissism c. ​Individualism d. ​Self-efficacy

Narcissism

_____________ is a collection of processes through which an organism utilizes the materials required for survival and growth. a. ​Biopsychology b. ​Nutrition c. ​Acculturation d. ​Mitochondria

Nutrition

Amy believes that she is outgoing and fun to be around. This belief is most likely to change under which of the following conditions? a. ​She takes a class in psychology. b. ​She leaves college to take a job in another state. c. Her parents tell her that she is actually quite shy. d. ​She reads a book that explains outgoing people are not as likely to have friends as more reserved people.

She leaves college to take a job in another state.

The tendency to attribute our success to our own efforts and failures to the situation is called self-serving bias. a. ​True. b. ​False.

True

Marijuana, hashish, and THC are all derived from a. ​opium. b. ​cannabis. c. ​the peyote cactus. d. ​Central American mushrooms.

cannabis.

A spontaneous, vivid recurrence of a previous drug-induced experience is called a(n) a. ​overdose. b. ​flashback. c. ​hallucination. d. ​psychotic episode.

flashback

High caffeine consumption is likely to elevate one's risk for a. ​depression. b. ​hypertension. c. ​prostate cancer. d. ​all of these.

hypertension

Mainstream American culture would most accurately be described as a. ​collectivistic. b. ​humanistic. c. ​individualistic. d. ​behavioristic.

individualistic.

One likely explanation for people's tendency to act in self-destructive ways is that a. ​people have an innate desire for sensation-seeking. b. ​most people tend to believe that bad things happen to bad people. c. ​many health-impairing habits involve activities that are quite pleasant at the time. d. ​people engage in health-impairing behavior "on the spur of the moment," without giving much thought to the consequences.

many health-impairing habits involve activities that are quite pleasant at the time.

A mismatching of self-perceptions is termed a. ​ideal self. b. ​self-discrepancy. c. ​self-complexity. d. ​self-awareness.

self-discrepancy

If you use self-control resources by resisting temptation in a given situation, a. ​you are more likely to resist temptation in the future. b. ​you may have a hard time resisting the next temptation. c. ​you are more likely to be able to persist at a new and difficult task. d. ​you may have difficulty showing empathy for those who exhibit poor self-control.

you may have a hard time resisting the next temptation.

Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with the Type B personality? a. ​Impatient. b. ​Easy-going. c. ​Competitive. d. ​Time-conscious.

​Easy-going.

Everyone possesses a self-assessment, which consists of a person's beliefs. a. ​True. b. ​False.

​False

Taken together, research on stress and physical health can be BEST summarized by which of the following statements? a. ​Stress causes poor physical health. b. ​A genetic predisposition causes some people to be more stressed than others. c. ​Some people have the cognitive tendency to be more stressed than others. d. ​Links between high stress and poor physical health can be explained by many third variables.

​Links between high stress and poor physical health can be explained by many third variables.

Procrastination is considered a self-defeating behavior. a. ​True. b. ​False.

​True.

Harry wants to lose 50 pounds. Most experts would recommend that he should a. ​sharply increase his exercise. b. ​sharply reduce his food intake. c. ​decrease his food intake and increase his exercise, both in moderate ways. d. ​sharply increase his exercise while simultaneously reducing his food intake dramatically.

​decrease his food intake and increase his exercise, both in moderate ways.

Individuals reared in individualistic cultures are less likely than those from collectivistic cultures to perceive themselves as a. ​unique. b. ​self-contained. c. ​distinct from others. d. ​interdependent.

​interdependent.

When a person must continue to take a drug in order to satisfy an intense emotional and mental craving, the person has developed a. ​abuse. b. ​tolerance. c. ​physical dependence. d. ​psychological dependence.

​psychological dependence.


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