415 HDF Chapter 1
Deduction
Using logical reasoning and current knowledge as a means of knowing about the world
basic
A psychologist investigating the research question "How much information can we store in short-term memory?" is most likely conducting __________ research
Applied
A psychologist investigating the research question "which type of therapy most effectively reduces depressive behaviors?" is most likely conducting ________ research. A. Basic B. Applied C. External D. Internal
Applied; basic
External validity is typically more important for ____________ research than for ____________ research. A. Scientific; non-scientific B. Non-scientific; Scientific C. Basic; Applied D. Applied; Basic
Empiricism
Gaining knowledge through systematic observation of the world
intuition
I want to know if my phone is on. I decide that it is because my phone is always on. A. Intuition B. Deduction C. Authority D. Observation
authority
I want to know what my pancreas dos. I know hat my pancreas produces hormones important for digestion because that is what my high school biology teacher told me. A. Intuition B. Deduction C. Authority D. Observation
deduction
I want to know which direction I am facing. The sun is setting to my right, and I know the sun sets in the west so I know that west is the direction where the sun is setting. A. Intuition B. Deduction C. Authority D. Observation
Authority
Relying on a knowledgeable person or a group as a means of knowing about the world
Intuition
Relying on common sense as a means of knowing about the world
Observation
Relying on what one observes as a means of knowing about the world
Applied Research
Research conducted with the goals of solving everyday problems Are they trying to change something?
Confirmation Bias
Seeking only evidence that supports our beliefs and ignoring evidence that contradicts those beliefs
Confirmation Bias
Seeking only evidence that supports our beliefs and ignoring evidence that contradicts those beliefs is A. Belief Bias B. Confirmation Bias C. Evidence Bias D. Contradictory Bias
Testability
The assumption that explanation of behavior can be tested and falsified through observation
Determinism
The assumption that phenomena have identifiable
Parsimony
The assumption that the simplest explanation of a phenomenon is most likely to be correct
External Validity
The degree to which the results of a study apply to individuals and realistic behaviors outside the study
Phenomena have observable causes
The determinism canon of the scientific method states that A. The simplest explanation of a phenomenon is most likely to be correct B. Observation is the best way of gaining new knowledge C. Phenomena have observable causes D. Explanation of phenomena should be able to be falsified if they are incorrect
observations
The empiricism canon of the scientific method states that new knowledge is gained from A. Authority Figures B. Observations C. Intuition D. Logic
Observation
The method of gaining knowledge that is most likely to yield accurate information is A. Intuition B. Authority C. Observation D. Deduction
observation
The scientific method involves gaining new knowledge through A. Deduction B. Intuition C. Authority D. Observation
Observation
"I want to know how much sleep on average Americans get per night. I determine this by conducting a survey of Americans to learn that most Americans get an average of 6 to 8 hours of sleep per night" is an example of A. Intuition B. Authority C. Observation D. Deduction
Authority
"I want to know what my pancreas does. I know that my pancreas produces hormones important for digestion because that is what my high school biology teacher told me." is an example of A. Intuition B. Authority C. Observation D. Deduction
deduction
"I want to know which direction I am facing. The sun is setting to my right, and I know the sun sets in the west so I know that west is the direction where the sun is setting." is an example of A. Intuition B. Authority C. Observation D. Deduction
Confirmation Bias
A reporter who is writing an article on an important issue may only interview experts that support her or his views on the issue. This is an example of A. Belief Bias B. Confirmation Bias C. Evidence Bias D. Contradictory Bias
External Validity
A study that investigates behavior as it naturally occurs in individuals would have a high degree of... A. Basic Research B. Applied Research C. External Validity D. Internal Validity
basic
Applications of ________ research may not be obvious when it is initially conducted A. basic B. Applied C. External D. Internal
Intuition
Deciding it must be raining because you felt it would rain today is an example of which method of knowing? A. Intuition B. Authority C. Observation D. Deduction
Deduction
Deciding it must be raining because you hear thunder is an example of which method of knowing? A. Intuition B. Authority C. Observation D. Deduction
Observation
Deciding it must be raining because you look out the window and see rain falling is an example of which method of knowing? A. Intuition B. Authority C. Observation D. Deduction
Basic Research
Increasing Knowledge The goal of understanding fundamental process of phenomena
Applied
Knowledge gained in __________ studies can also help basic researchers refine their theories about how behavior works. A. Complex B. Basic C. Confirmation D. Applied
A. Empiricism
Observing people in their normal environment, asking people to complete a survey have the subjects respond to items that help us measure their mood is using what type of measurement? A. Empiricism B.Determinism C. Parsimony D. Testability
Parsimony
What helps scientist test their ideas more easily, because it is easier to develop a study that might falsify a simple explanation than to do develop a study that might falsify a more complex explanation? A. Determinism B. Parsimony C. Testability D. Empiricism
Empiricism
When we ask people to complete a survey we are using _________ to learn about behavior
