AP Final Exam

Ace your homework & exams now with Quizwiz!

Muscle contraction makes up for ____% of body temperature at rest. a- 10-20 b- 0 c- 100 d- 20-30 e- 40

20-30

At rest, the difference in charge on the outside of a plasma membrane versus the inside is called the cell's ____. a- action potential b- nerve condition c- resting membrane potential d- local potential e- surface tension

resting membrane potential

The _____ suture separates the left and right parietal bones from each other. a- sagittal b- frontal c- coronal d- lamboid

sagittal

The gray matter through which motor nerve signals leave the spinal cord is called the ___. a- Posterior horn b- Anterior horn c- Posterior column d- Anterior ramus e- Anterior column

Anterior horn

In the cat, the head is ____ to the tail, whereas in the human the head is ____ to the gluteal region (buttocks). a- Anterior; superior b- Superior; superior c- Ventral; distal d- Posterior; dorsal e- Anterior; posterior

Anterior; superior

The ___ does not require anesthesia during surgery because of a lack of ____. a- Brain; noreceptors b- Stomach; mechanoreceptors c- Kidney; thermoreceptors d- Liver; thermoreceptors e- Heart; nociceptors

Brain; noreceptors

Comprised of microtubules, ____ play an important role in cell division. a- Nucleoli b- Mitochondria c- Ribosomes d- Centrioles e- Inclusions

Centrioles

The central canal is filled with _____ . a- Pia mater b- Fat c- Cytosol d- Blood e- Cerebrospinal fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid

The metacarpophalangeal joints at the base of the fingers are ___ joints. a- Hinge b- Ball-and-socket c- Plane (gliding) d- Pivot e- Condylar

Condylar

The ____ is not an anatomical component of the eyeball. a- Conjunctiva b- Cornea c- Viterous body d- Aqueous humor e- Lens

Conjunctiva

Over time, it is difficult to notice the smell of your own perfumes because of ____. a- sensory adaptation b- sensory intensity c- nociception d- proprioception e- sensory transduction

sensory adaptation

The thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity are lined by a- an endothelium b- meninges c- the mediastinum d- serous membranes e- mucous membranes

serous membranes

Which muscle(s) can contract without the need for nervous stimulation? a- smooth and cardiac muscles b- skeletal muscle c- smooth muscle d- skeletal, smooth, and cardias muscle e- cardiac muscle

smooth and cardiac muscles

Coronial, sagittal, and lambdoid are examples of ______ joints. a- Gomphoses b- Cartilaginous joints c- Syndesmoses d- Fibrous joints e- Synovial joints

Fibrous joints

The deepest layer of the epidermis is the_____. a- stratum spinosum b- stratum lucidium c- stratum corneum d- stratum basale e- stratum granulosum

stratum basale

____ are the most movable joints. a- gomphoses b- synovial joints c- syndesmoses d- synchondroses e- symphyses

synovial joints

The ____ is/are stimulated by tastants. a- Olfactory hairs b- Cranial nerves c- Taste hair d- supporting cells e- taste buds

taste hairs

____ is a monosaccharide, whereas ____ is a polysaccharide. a- Galactose; maltose b- Lactose; glycogen c- Glucose; starch d- Cellulose; glucose e- Fructose; sucrose

Glucose; starch

All of these contribute to the wall of the orbit except the ____. a- Frontal bone b- Zygomatic bone c- Maxilla d- Sphenoid bone e- Nasal bone

Nasal bone

Which organelle decomposes fatty acids, and detoxifies alcohol, free radicals, and drugs? a- Lysosomes b- Inclusions c- Peroxisomes d- Golgi vesicles e- Microvilli

Peroxisomes

Which is the only plane that allows one to see both kidneys and the umbilicus at the same time? a- Midsagittal b- Parasagittal c- Frontal d- Transverse e- Coronal

Transverse

An isometric contraction does not change length. a- True b- False

True

Epinephrine is a monoamine involved in stress responses. a- True b- False

True

Growth hormone promotes tissue growth by stimulating protein synthesis, mitosis, and cellular differentiation. a- True b- False

True

Most sympathetic postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine a- True b- False

True

Reducing blood flow close to the body surface and sweating are examples of how the skin functions in thermoregulation. a- True b- False

True

Taste signals travel from the tongue through the facial, vagus, and glossopharyngeal nerves. a- True b- False

True

The cross-extension reflex is the contraction of the extensors on one side of the body when the flexors are contracted on the other side. a- True b- False

True

The opposite of dehydration synthesis is hydrolysis. a- True b- False

True

Thyroid hormone plays an important part of maintaining body temperature. a- True b- False

True

Cranial nerves ___ carry nerve signals of gustation to the cerebrum for conscious awareness and integration. a- IX, X, and XI b- I, II, and III c- I, IX, and X d- I, V, and VII e- VII, IX, and X

VII, IX, and X

The vertebral column encloses the _____. a- Thoracic cavity b- Pelvic cavity c- Abdominal cavity d- Cranial cavity e- Vertebral canal

Vertebral canal

The ____ is the only auditory ossicle that articulates with both other two auditory ossicles. a- utriclw b- saccule c- stapes d- incus e- malleus

incus

The thoracic cavity is divided into right, left, and medial portions by a region called the____. a- serous membrane b- meninges c- diaphragm d- mediastinum e- peritoneum

mediastinum

The ___ function of the nervous system includes stimulating glands to secrete and muscle to contract a- motor b- sympathetic c- sensory

motor

______ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as in the _____. a- nonkertinized; vagina b- keratinized; skin c- keratinized; tongue c- nonkeratinized; skin d- transitional; tongue

nonkertinized; vagina

Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called a- Osmosis b- endocytosis c- active transport d- simple diffusion e- facilitated diffusion

osmosis

Hormones are only secreted by endocrine glands. a- True b- False

False

Infection of the middle ear can cause fluid accumulation. This is not problematic as the middle ear is typically a fluid-filled chamber. a- True b- False

False

The autonomic effect on a target cell depends only on the neurotransmitter that reaches it. a- True b- False

False

The macula sacculi is nearly horizontal and the macula utriculi is nearly vertical. a- True b- False

False

To increase surface area for absorption, columnar cells lining the small intestine show a brush border of cilia on the apical surface. a- True b- False

False

A radiography (x-ray) of a child's hand will show epiphyseal lines. a- True b- False

False

A structure specialized to detect a stimulus is called a sensation. a- True b- False

False

Unsaturated fatty acids have as much hydrogen as they can carry. a- True b- False

False

The ___ attaches to the zygomatic arch and to the angle of mandible. a- Stylohyoid b- Masseter c- Temporalis d- Genioglossus e- Buccinator

Masseter

Most sweat glands are _____ glands. a- Sebaceous b- Merocrine c- Ceruminous d- Apocrine e- Mammary

Merocrine

Consider the following scenario. The biceps brachii tendon in the anterior elbow region hit by a reflex hammer and subsequently contracts. This reflex is: a- Contralateral b- Monosynaptic c- Intersegmental d- Polysynaptic e- An example of the tendon reflex

Monosynaptic

___ membranes lines passageways that open to the exterior environment. a- Serous b- Synovial c- Peritoneal d- Endothelial e- Mucous

Mucous

The most common injured structures in the knee are ___ and the ____. a- ACL; patellar ligament b- Patellar ligament; quadriceps tendon c- PCL; patellar ligament d- ACL; menisci e- PCL; menisci

ACL; menisci

Sensory receptors must transduce all stimuli into _____ in order for the brain to perceive sensation. a- Action potentials b- Chemical energy c- Nuclear energy d- A modality e- Mechanical energy

Action potentials

____ neurons are specialized to detect stimuli, whereas ___ neurons send signals to the effectors of the nervous system. a- Efferent' association b- Afferent; afferent c- Afferent; efferent d- Afferent; association e- Motor; sensory

Afferent; efferent

A predominance of ___ waves in an electrocephalogram (EEG) might indicate that a person is awake,but resting. a- Beta b- Theta c- Gamma d- Delta e- Alpha

Alpha

Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of a cell during a- G2 phase b- S phase c- Prophase d- Metaphase e- Anaphase

Anaphase

Tracts of white matter that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres can be found in the_____. a- Cerebellum b- Corpus callosum c- Thalamus d- Brainstem e- Cerebral cortex

Corpus callosum

The nerve signals generated by the retinal cells are transmitted to _____, which carried them to the central nervous system. a- cranial nerve III b- cranial nerve I c- cranial nerve II d- the olfactory nerve e- the oculomotor nerve

Cranial nerve II

___ are the primary site for receiving signals from other neurons. a- Dendrites b- Synaptic knobs c- Axons d- Axon collateral e- Somas

Dendrite

___ are responsible for chemical bonding? a- Electrons b- Protons c- Nerutrons d- Photons e- Positrons

Electrons

The ___ is not a bilateral bone of the skull. a- Parietal bone(s) b- Palantine bone(s) c- Maxilla(e) d- Zygomatic bone(s) e- Ethmoid bone(s)

Ethmoid bone(s)

The reddish color of the skin of the lips is primarily due to this pigment. a- Keratin b- Melanin c- Carotene d- Hemoglobin e- Myoglobin

Hemoglobin

The ability to maintain internal stability is called a- Thermodynamics b- Homeostasis c- Evolution d- Development e- Reproduction

Homeostasis

___are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands into the blood a- Neuromodulators b- Hormones c- Acids d- Enzymes e- Neurotransmitters

Hormones

Endocrine glands secrete ___ into ____. a- Hormones; ducts b- Enzymes; the blood c- Hormones; the blood d- Enzymes; ducts e- Mucus; the blood

Hormones; the blood

The superolateral regions of the abdomen are called _____ regions. a- Hypogastric b- Hypochondriac c- Inguinal d- Epigastric e- Lateral abdominal

Hypochondriac

Release of acetylcholine at a neuromuscular junction. a- Lowers the threshold of the muscle fiber b- Increases permeability of the sarcolemma to NA+ c- Overrides the inhibitoty effect of acetylcholinesterase d- Decreases the release of the Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum e- Decreases the positive charge on the sarcolemma

Increases permeability of the sarcolemma to NA+

The lumbar vertebra is___ to the thoracic vertebrae. a- Posterior b- Superior c- Cephalic d- Inferior e- Anterior

Inferior

The pancreas secrets ___ in response to high blood glucose levels. a- Glucagon b- Growth hormone c- Insulin d- Aldosterone e- Glucocorticoids

Insulin

The volume of music is an example of the _____ of a stimulus. a- Type (modality) b- Location c- Duration d- Intensity e- Adaptation

Intensity

The term for shortening of a muscle while maintaining constant tension is _____. a- Isotonic contraction b- Isokinetic contraction c- Isometric contraction d- tetanus

Isotonic contraction

Which of the following best describes the attachment of the extensor digitorum? a- It indirectly attaches to all digits of the hand. b- It directly attaches to the index finger only. c- It indirectly attaches to all digits of the hand except the thumb. d- It directly attaches to all the digits of the hand. e- It directly attaches to all digits of the hand except the thumb.

It indirectly attaches to all digits of the hand except the thumb

Bilirubin causes a skin discoloration called ______. a- Erythema b- Jaundice c- Pallor d- Cyanosis e- Bronzing

Jaundice

The stomach is located mainly in which quadrant of the abdomen? a- LLQ b- RLQ c- RUQ d- LMQ e- LUQ

LUQ

Which of the following is not a known a known cause of muscle fatigue? a- Calcium leakage from the sarcoplasmic reticulum b- Accumulation of the potassium in the extracellular fluid c- Lactic acid accumulation d- ATP depletion e- Acetylcholine depletion

Lactic acid accumulation

Optic nerve fibers carry nerve signals to the primary visual cortex in the ____ lobe of the cerebrum. a- Insular b- Frontal c- Occipital d- Parietal e- Temporal

Occipital

Visual disturbance could be caused by a lesion of the ______. a- Medial temporal lobe and inferior frontal lobe b- Occipital lobe c- Inferior temporal lobe and amygdala d- Wernicke and Broca areas e- Superior temporal lobe and insula

Occipital lobe

The ___ has both endocrine and exocrine functions. a- Ovary b- Pineal gland c- Salivary gland d- Adrenal gland e- Thymus

Ovary

The most abundant element in the human body, by weight, is ______. a- Calcium b- Nitrogen c- Oxygen d- Carbon e- Hydrogen

Oxygen

The ____ contains only fibers of sensory neurons. a- Anterior ramus b- Posterior root c- Meningeal branch d- Anterior root e- Posterior ramus

Posterior root

The gland that secretes two antagonistic hormones that regulate blood glucose levels can be found _____. a- In the neck b- Posterior to the stomach c- Superior to the kidney d- Draped over the heart e- Near the brain

Posterior to the stomach

Enzymes are ___ that act as catalysts, helping chemical reactions go faster at normal body temperature. a- Cofactors b- Nucleic acids c- Carbohydrates d- Proteins e- Lipids

Proteins

The stretch reflex of the quadriceps femoris muscle group causes it to contract. At the same time the hamstring group relaxes. The hamstring group is effected by _______. a- The cross-extensor reflex b- The flexor reflex c- Its own stretch reflex d- The tendon reflex e- Reciprocal inhibition

Reciprocal inhibition

Which of the following is associated with the "flight-or-flight" reaction? a- Pupillary constriction b- Glycogen synthesis c- Reduced urinary output d- Reduced heart rate e- Increased gastric motility

Reduced urinary output

Which of the following is not associated with DNA replication? a- The nucleus b- Ribosomes c- DNA polymerase d- The double helix e- DNA

Ribosomes

An epithelium with a single layer of tall, narrow cells and with every cell touching the basement membrane. a- Stratified squamous b- Pseudostratified columnar c- Simple cuboidal d- Simple columnar e- Stratified cuboidal

Simple columnar

Which of the following organelles is not involved in the protein synthesis, processing, and packaging process? a- Rough ER b- Smooth ER c- Ribosomes d- The nucleus e- Golgi complex

Smooth ER

The ___ is absent from most of the areas of the epidermis on the body. a- Stratum lucidum b- Stratum basale c- Stratum spinosum d- Stratum corneum e- Stratum granulosum

Stratum lucidum

Degeneration of neurons in the ___ inhibits unwanted body movements and leads to the muscle tremors of Parkinson's disease. a- Substantia nigra b- Colliculi c- Pons d- Cerebral crus e- Tegmetum

Substanstia nigra

The gland that secretes glucocorticoids can be found _____. a- Near the brain b- In the neck c- Posterior to the stomach d- Draped over the heart e- Superior to the kidney

Superior to the kidney

Most of the thyroid hormone release is in the form of ____? a- TSH b- Triidothyronine c- thyrotropin d- T4 e- T3

T4

The most relevant form of energy in human physiology is the energy stored in a- Van der Waals forces b- The chemical bonds of organic molecules c- Radioisotopes d- Free radicals with an odd number of electrons e- Electrolytes ionized in water

The chemical bonds of organic molecules

What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone? a- The site where the hormones is secreted b- The location of the target cells in the body c- The location of the gland that secretes the hormone d- The chemical properties of the hormone e- The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone

The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone

The ___ secretes hormones that regulate the development and activity of T cells, a type of white blood cell. a- Thymus b- Parathyroid c- Adrenal gland d- Spleen e- Thyroid

Thymus

The breastbone is _____ to the vertebral column. a- medial b- anterior c- superior d- posterior e- inferior

anterior

Growth hormone is secreted by the _____. a- hypothalamus b- adrenal glands c- anterior lobe of the pituitary gland d- posterior lobe of the pituitary gland e- thyroid gland

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

The ___ are at the most distal end of a neuron. a- axon hillocks b- nodes of ranvier c- dendrites d- axon terminals e- axons

axon terminals


Related study sets

integrated science a - unit 1: exam

View Set

Microbiology DNA Transcription to RNA Key Enzymes

View Set

human anatomy and physiology chapter 16

View Set

Ch. 56 assessment of endocrine system (no rationale)

View Set

Chapter 27: Blood and Blood Products

View Set