APES Test 1

The idea of the Competitive Exclusion Principle was stolen by

Darwin

Short term nitrogen storage

Dead animals

A no oxygen zone in the ocean is called a.....

Dead zone

Turbidity

A measure of how clear water is

Nitrification

Ammonia / ammonium to nitrite then nitrite to nitrate

Intertidal Zone

Area between high/low tide

Climate Characteristics

Areas general pattern of atmospheric conditions over long periods of time

Long term nitrogen storage

Atmosphere

Coevolution Ex.

Bat hunting moth

Inter- means

Between

Taiga

Borrial forest (Pine forests)

"Amount of oxygen consumed" This rate of reaction can be measured in the dark by determining the amount of oxygen gas consumed in a period of time.

Cellular Respiration

This freshwater biome is characterized by fast-flowing water that can originate from underground springs or runoff, which carries sediment and organic material.

Freshwater wetlands

What does GPP stand for?

Gross primary productivity

Intra- means

Inside

Sandy Shores

Less diverse

Short term phosphorus storage

Living organisms

Rocky Shores

More diversity, places to hide

Nitrogen Fixation

Nitrogen from atmosphere -> organic compounds

Dentrification

Nitrogen to the atmosphere; nitrate and nitrite back into unsuable nitrogen (N2)

Commensalism

No benefit or harm

Estuaries are so productive due to an _______________ of sunlight

Overabundance

Long term phosphorus storage

Rocks and sediment

Trophic Cascade Ex. Wolves in State Park

Top predator controls all levels of ecosystems, including the geography

3 Types of grasslands

Tropical, Temperate, Tundra

Long term water storage

Underground

Which box represents a carbon sink that holds carbon compounds for the shortest period of time?

Vegetation

Specific Heat

Water resists heating up

In Mediterranean climate regions like portions of California, a wetter-than-normal winter often leads to greater severity of fires the following summer. This seeming paradox occurs because increased rain leads to

greater accumulation of chapparal biomass

Zooplankton

primary and secondary consumers

Long term carbon storage

Fossil fuels

This biome contains a nutrient-rich environment created by falling leaves and trapped organic materials from the large trees, and it provides the ecosystem service of filtering pollutants from water.

Freshwater wetlands

Phytoplankton

Primary producers for most aquatic food webs

A temperate grassland biome has a gross primary productivity of 3,480kilocalories/meter2/year and a net primary productivity of 2,000kilocalories/meter2/year. Which of the following is the approximate number of kilocalories/meter2/year available to herbivores in that biome?

200 kilocal/meters^2/year

Benthos Ex. Oysters, sea stars, claws, crabs, lobsters

Bottom dwellers

Generalsit example (Can eat anything)

Cockroaches

Zones in the ocean from top to bottom (3)

Euphotic, Bathyal, Abyssal

4 Types of Species

Native, non native, Indicator, *Ask Schosek for last one*

Specialists (Can't eat much)

Panda

Temperate Grassland Characteristics

Cold winters, hot and dry summers, tall grass prairies, short grass prairies, short grass

Short term water storage

Plants

Energy is transferred along food chains from one stage to the next. Which statement best explains how the energy is transferred?

Primary producer stores 10,000 kcal of energy, tertiary consumer will have 10 kcal of energy

Tropical Grassland Characteristics

Savanna, grazing animals

Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in....

Soil

Ammonification

Something dies and decays; ammonia aids in the manufacture of fertilizer

Result of the Competitive Exclusion Principle

Speciation/unknown common ancestor, species evolves

Nekton Ex. fish, turtles, whales

Strong swimmers

Weather Characteristics

Temp, precipitation, wind speed, cloud cover, hours of the day

Key factors in the distribution of organisms

Temperature Dissolved oxygen content Availability of food Availability of light and nutrients needed for photosynthesis

Biomes are based on...

Temperature and precipitation

Which of the following best describes soil in many tropical rain forests?

They are quickly depleted of nutrients when the forest is removed

Short term carbon storage

Trees