Cells (Plant Science)
What 2 things do plant and animal cells have in similar?
- Plasma membrane - DNA
What does Protoplasts include?
- Plasma membrane - Cytoplasm - Nucleus - Vacuole
What do animal cells have that plant cells don't?
- lysosomes (garbage disposal or waste) - centrioles (Cell division process)
How big are plant cells?
10-100 micrometres (um)
Does the mitochondria have one or two membranes?
2
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
Cellulose
A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms
Golgi apparatus
A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins, fats, oils, etc. for secretion and storage
Cytoplasm
A viscous (thick) fluid surrounded by the plasma membrane
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Associated with ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
What pigment causes orange?
Carotenes
What is the most basic physiological and structural unit of plants?
Cells
Mitochondria
Cellular powerhouse, site of respiration C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + ATP Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP
What pigments does the Chloroplasts have?
Chlorophylls- Green Xanthophylls- Yellow Carotenes- Orange
Leucoplasts
Colorless organelles that store starches, oils, and protein
What does the mitochondria's matrix contain?
Contains enzymes involved in metabolism
Nucleus
Control center of the cell
What is the plural form of Cristae?
Crista
What does the nucleus contain?
DNA and protein
Where is the mitochondria matrix found?
Enclosed by inner membrane
What do vacuoles hold?
Filled with heterogeneous solution, "cell sap" - i.e. : salts, pigments, organic acids
Primary cell wall
In plants, a relatively thin and flexible layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of a young cell.
Where does the last two part of the respiration process take place? What are they?
In the mitochondria The Krebs Cycle Oxidative phosphorylation (Electron Transport)
What size is the vacuole?
It can very in size but can occupy up to 90% of mature cell
Protoplast
Living unit of a cell (everything within the cell wall)
Peripheral proteins
Located on inner and outer surfaces of bilayer
Phospholipid
Made from phosphate and lipids (phosphate head and lipid tail)
Chromoplasts
Organelles that contain pigments that are abundant in flowers Anthocyanins (blue/redish purple) Xanthophylls- Yellow Carotenes- Orange
What is secondary cell wall made up of?
Primarily cellulose and hemicellulose
Cytoplasm matrix contains ______________ that serve as enzymes used in ______________ ______________.
Proteins, cellular respiration
What does the DNA and Protein in the nucleus do?
Provides genetic control for metabolism
What does the secondary cell wall do?
Provides support, protection, and conduction
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Site of packaging and transport of lipids (does not function in protein synthesis)
Chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis CO2 + H2O + Sunlight ---> C6H12O6 + O2
What is the golgi apparatus?
Stacks of flattened membranous sacs or tubes
Pectins
Sticky polysacharrides that glue plant cells together; found in "middle lamella" between primary cells in plants
What do ribosomes do?
Translate DNA code to amino acid chains (proteins) Responsible for translating mRNA into amino acids chains (protiens)
What pigment cause yellow?
Xanthophylls
Cytology
a branch of biology dealing with the study of cell components and their function.
Vacuole
a fluid-filled sac
Middle lamella
a layer that cements together the primary cell walls of two adjoining plant cells.
What pigment causes blue/purple/redish colors?
anthocyanins
What do plant cells have that animal cells don't?
cell wall and chloroplasts
Plasmodesmata
channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells
Cytoplasmic streaming
constant movement of cytoplasm in a cell
Integral Proteins
expand the diameter of the bilayer
What is the cristae?
folds in the inner membrane of mitochondria Site of ATP formation
What is the plural form of Granum?
grana
Chloroplasts
has a double membrane system
Where is the secondary cell wall found?
in between the plasma membrane and the primary cell wall
Where does light reactions of photosynthesis take place?
in the thylakoid membrane
Eukaryotic cells Examples:
interior of cells made up of membrane-bound subunits, called organelles Ex. Plant Cells
Stroma
is like the cytoplasm of the chloroplast
what pigments are found in the vacuole?
mainly anthocyanins (blue, red, and purple)
prokaryotic cell Examples:
no membrane bound organelles Ex. blue-green algae and bacteria
What is the plasma membrane composed of?
phospholipid bilayer
What are pinched off vesicles?
pinched off parts of the golgi apparatus
Which are larger plant or animal cells?
plant cells
What are ribosomes composed of?
protein and RNA
What is the endoplasmic reticulum involved in?
protein synthesis
Tonoplast
single membrane enclosing the central vacuole
Ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
Nucleolus
smaller circular shaped portion of the nucleus where RNA synthesis happens
Granum
stack of thylakoids
Cell Wall
strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in plant cells
Lignin
substance in vascular plants that makes cell walls rigid (wood-like)
Pits
thin areas between adjacent cell walls, not actual connections
Where are the chloroplast pigments located?
thylakoid membrane
