CH 9 Nutrition
Corey's average daily energy intake is 2,630 calories. What would be an appropriate daily calorie intake to help him lose weight safely and steadily if he weighs 235 pounds and is 5′10″ tall? 1,400-1,680 calories 1,200-1,400 calories 2,130-2,380 calories 1,630-1,880 calories 1,880-2,130 calories
1,880-2,130 calories
What is the energy density of a meal that weighs 254 grams and provides 395 calories? 0.64 cal/g 3.34 cal/g 2.40 cal/g 1.83 cal/g 1.56 cal/g
1.56 cal/g CAL DIVIDED BY GRAMS
Which food item has the greatest energy density? 65 grams of mushroom soup that provides 175 calories 30 grams of dark chocolate that provides 88 calories 50 grams of French fries that provide 167 calories 72 grams of baby carrots that provide 31 calories 39 grams of vanilla ice cream that provides 155 calories
39 grams of vanilla ice cream that provides 155 calories
After eating dinner, you see a commercial for ice cream. Although you are full, you start salivating and can't stop thinking about getting ice cream for dessert. What can this thought be attributed to? Appetite due to stomach contractions Appetite due to social interactions Hunger due to hormones Hunger due to sensory stimulation Appetite due to visual stimulation
??
Food justice programs and interventions work to reduce ________. built environments food banks food forests screen time food deserts
??
Who would NOT be a good candidate for weight loss surgery? A 60-year-old male with diabetes and BMI of 37 A 65-year-old female with a BMI of 40.5 A 25-year-old male with a BMI of 42 who has a family history of heart disease A 36-year-old female with a BMI of 36 who has heart disease A 47-year-old salesman with a BMI of 38
A 47-year-old salesman with a BMI of 38
Which individual would likely benefit by having a slightly higher percentage of body fat? A track and field athlete A 70-year-old retiree A 13-year-old boy A Canadian construction worker A pregnant woman in her first trimester
A Canadian construction worker
Which of the following techniques is the best way to assess body composition? A scale A DEXA scan BMR measurement A skinfold test BMI measurement
A skinfold test
Which statement about basal metabolism is true? A. It is directly controlled by the hormone thyroxine. B. It increases in response to malnutrition or fasting. C. It involves a conscious expenditure of energy. D. It uses energy to support the voluntary activities of the body. E. It can be enhanced rapidly through vigorous exercise.
A. It is directly controlled by the hormone thyroxine.
The accumulation of excess visceral fat in the body may lead to health complications because it: A. can lead to chronic inflammation and severe coronary diseases. B. may accumulate in the upper chest area and interfere with lung function. C. leads to subcutaneous fat deposition and hence makes perspiration difficult. D. decreases the ability of the body to absorb iron from the bloodstream. E. is quickly mobilized and released into the bloodstream as HDL cholesterol.
A. can lead to chronic inflammation and severe coronary diseases.
How can a city official change the built environment in his town to help promote the healthy weight status of its residents? Set an upper limit for the height of under-construction buildings. Invite a fitness center chain to open a franchise within city limits. Add bike lanes to busy roads within the city. Restrict the import of prepackaged foods. Permit business owners to set up shops on the sidewalks.
Add bike lanes to busy roads within the city.
Which of the following is NOT a true statement about changes to body fat? People generally weigh the least before breakfast. Body weight changes are always reflective of body fat changes. Changes in body fluid can influence body weight. Changes in body fat require eating more or less food than what the body expends. A diuretic causes the body to lose fluids and may cause a temporary decrease in body weight.
Body weight changes are always reflective of body fat changes.
Which of the following tissues is abundant in enzymes that promote thermogenesis without accomplishing any other work? Smooth muscle White adipose tissue Skeletal muscle Brown adipose tissue Lean tissue
Brown adipose tissue
How does the body respond during fasting once glycogen stores become depleted? By increasing basal metabolism to burn calories By conserving its minerals by restricting their excretion By breaking down fat molecules into ketone bodies By cleansing itself of harmful toxins By converting fatty acid molecules into glucose for nervous tissues
By breaking down fat molecules into ketone bodies
Which food would not be allowed on the Paleo diet? Salmon Eggs Chickpeas Spinach Almonds
Chickpeas
Which statement about the body's response to energy surplus is false? A. Excess carbohydrate is converted to glycogen or fat and stored. B. Protein is used to build muscles in response to exercise. C. Excess fat is broken down into glycerol and fatty acids and stored. D. Excess amino acids are stored in the muscles. E. Alcohol is used as a fuel or converted into body fat for storage.
D. Excess amino acids are stored in the muscles.
Your aunt is considering gastric surgery as a possible option to help her lose weight because previous weight-loss diets have been unsuccessful. What advice would you give her before she undergoes the surgery? A. She should go through the surgery as the procedure is very simple and causes no complications. B. She should first achieve a BMI of 45 before undergoing the surgery to avoid any postoperative complications. C. She should not go through the surgery as she can develop chronic diseases because of the surgery. D. She should be sure about the decision as she will need a lifetime of medical and nutritive supervision. E. She should not go through the surgery because the postoperative complications could be severe.
D. She should be sure about the decision as she will need a lifetime of medical and nutritive supervision.
The football coach is concerned because he just discovered that the majority of his players are overweight or obese based on their BMI values. He wants you to develop a weight loss diet for his team. What would you tell him? A. Most are probably obese and should try to lose weight by decreasing calorie intake. B. BMI values are not applicable to teen and college athletes since the values are derived from studies of older adults. C. The measurements of their weights and heights are likely inaccurate. D. The high muscle mass is probably responsible for the elevated scale weights. E. The athletes may have poor bone density, which is likely skewing the values to be higher than they are.
D. The high muscle mass is probably responsible for the elevated scale weights.
Successful treatment for a young woman with anorexia nervosa at 80% of her ideal body weight includes: A. treatment that focuses only on the psychological processes driving the disordered behavior. B. forced feeding through a feeding tube to quickly replace deficient nutrients. C. separation from her family for intense therapy. D. cognitive behavioral therapy, family counseling, and expert nutrition guidance. E. encouraging rapid weight gain to increase muscle mass.
D. cognitive behavioral therapy, family counseling, and expert nutrition guidance.
An effective method for losing weight would be to: A. follow a program or use a product that can either alter your genetic code or reset your metabolism. B. set a single, long-term goal, even though it may take several years to accomplish. C. use a predesigned menu plan from a popular diet book that focuses on a single nutrient. D. keep records of your food intake and exercise to spot trends. E. start with a very low-calorie level to achieve quick weight loss.
D. keep records of your food intake and exercise to spot trends.
Gabriel's father is 5′11″ tall and weighs 225 pounds, while his mother weighs 164 pounds and is 5′2″ tall. What is a correct statement about Gabriel's chances of becoming obese? Gabriel has over an 80% change of becoming obese. His parents' weights have little impact on his weight. Gabriel has a 10% to 30% change of becoming obese. Gabriel has a 30% to 70% chance of becoming obese. Gabriel has a greater risk for severe obesity having two parents with obesity.
Gabriel has a 30% to 70% chance of becoming obese.
What would be the most appropriate weight loss strategy for an obese individual whose BMI is above 40? The keto diet and exercise program Ephedrine-containing supplements Gastric bypass surgery Liposuction or lipectomy Herbal supplements
Gastric bypass surgery
What is the primary source of energy for the brain and the nervous system? Chloride Fat Glucose Protein Vitamins
Glucose
Which of the following is a side effect associated with consuming low-carbohydrate diets? High blood pressure Diarrhea Increased energy Gout Appendicitis
Gout
Which of the following physiological factors affect eating decisions? Nutrient concentration in the blood Presence of other people and social stimulation Hormonal and neural signals Stretch receptors of the stomach Smell, sight, or taste of foods
Hormonal and neural signals
You have decided to consume less than 1,000 calories each day for several weeks to lose weight and fit into a favorite outfit for a special occasion. Which of the following is likely to be the greatest obstacle for this plan to succeed? Increased metabolic rate Decreased metabolic rate Hunger Satiation Cognitive desires
Hunger
Which of the following statements is true of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)? It is not affected by stress hormone levels. It increases with age. It decreases with an increase in body mass. It is higher for children and pregnant women. It is independent of an individual's height.
It is higher for children and pregnant women.
A woman is using behavior change methods to assist in changing her eating habits to lose weight. Which of the following behaviors would help her lose weight? Keeping a food diary of what she eats Using large plates, cups, and utensils for eating Skipping meals to meet her daily calorie intake target Buying food from vending machines, fast-food restaurants, and convenience stores Choosing to dine with companions who prefer comfort food
Keeping a food diary of what she eats
Laila is a 21-year-old college athlete who is 5′8″ tall and weighs 175 pounds; Destiny is a 36-year-old teacher who weighs 143 pounds and is 5′5″ tall. Who is likely to have the higher BMR and why? A. Destiny may have the higher BMR because she has a lower BMI. B. Destiny may have the higher BMR because she has less stress in comparison to Laila. C. Destiny may have the higher BMR because she is older than Laila. D. Laila may have the higher BMR because she is overweight based on BMI. E. Laila may have the higher BMR because she is younger and taller than Destiny.
Laila may have the higher BMR because she is younger and taller than Destiny.
In regard to screen time, what lifestyle strategy is recommended for successful weight loss? Keep screen time to less than 20 minutes per day. Eliminate all screen time until 10% of body weight is lost. Eliminate all screen time that is not work or school related. Limit screen time to less than 10 hours per week. Screen time does not need to be reduced if exercising 4 or more days a week.
Limit screen time to less than 10 hours per week.
Which food contains gluten? A rice cake Mashed potatoes Shrimp A boiled egg Macaroni and cheese
Macaroni and cheese
What amount of activity does the American College of Sports Medicine advise to promote weight loss and prevent regain after loss? 10-minute exercise bursts, 2 to 3 times a day 60 minutes, 4 times a week More than 250 minutes a week 150 to 250 minutes a week 30 minutes, 7 days a week
More than 250 minutes a week
Which of the following is not an obesity-related chronic disease? Stroke Osteoporosis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Colon cancer Arthritis
Osteoporosis
How would you assess a person's weight status if they weigh 195 pounds and are 5′10″ tall? Obesity Overweight Normal weight Severe obesity Underweight
Overweight
Which is an "outside-the-body" factor that contributes to obesity? Prolonged physical inactivity Access to many supermarkets Inherited familial genes Reduced screen time Neighborhoods with public parks
Prolonged physical inactivity
A female varsity soccer player has a BMI of 26, a waist circumference of 32″, and body fat of 23%. Which of the following statements is true of her body composition? She has a high level of visceral fat accumulation. Her BMI will enhance her performance by burning excess body fat. She is overweight. Her body fat percentage will affect her performance. She has a normal waist circumference and body fat percentage.
She has a normal waist circumference and body fat percentage.
Which source of vitamin A does not pose any toxicity risk?
Sweet potatoes
What is the most insignificant characteristic of a person with bulimia? The person is unable to maintain a constant body weight. The person is close to their ideal body weight. The person is likely to vomit after a full meal. The person is unable to control the desire for binge eating and purging. The person is unaware that their behavior is abnormal.
The person is close to her ideal body weight.
Which of the following statements is true for sedentary individuals? They expend 50 to 65 percent of their energy on basal metabolism. They maintain their BMR by performing physical activities. Their BMR increases during sleep. They will have a better lean body mass than physically active individuals. Their BMR will increase as they get older.
They expend 50 to 65 percent of their energy on basal metabolism.
vitamin e serves as a
antioxidant
You suspect that your new college roommate may have an eating disorder. Although she seems to have a normal body size, you have often heard her vomiting after a meal. Also, her tooth enamel is gradually decaying. She frequently eats three boxes of crackers at once to relieve stress and feels guilty afterward. These are most likely symptoms of _______. binge eating disorder typical college stress bulimia nervosa the female athlete triad anorexia nervosa
bulimia nervosa
Waist circumference in the range of 35″ to 40″ is an indicator of _____. central obesity defective heart valves improper liver function lower BMI alcohol addiction
central obesity
Instant changes in body weight are most likely the result of all the following except: changes in body fluid content. changes in electrolyte and fluid balance. changes in lean tissues such as muscles. changes in fat stores. changes in bone minerals.
changes in fat stores.
A person who is trying to gain weight and muscle mass will achieve the best outcome by: reducing physical activity because it burns too many calories. choosing nutrient- and energy-dense foods to help build new body tissue. selecting high-fat foods such as candy bars and potato chips because they provide the most fuel for workouts. limiting food intake to three large meals a day to eat more calories at a time.
choosing nutrient- and energy-dense foods to help build new body tissue.
Characteristics of patients with anorexia nervosa include: an ability to maintain an ideal body weight. denial of being severely underweight. a constant urge for binge eating and purging. an awareness of their psychiatric condition. unfamiliarity with the caloric content of foods.
denial of being severely underweight.
Characteristics of patients with anorexia nervosa include: denial of being severely underweight. unfamiliarity with the caloric content of foods. an ability to maintain an ideal body weight. a constant urge for binge eating and purging. an awareness of their psychiatric condition.
denial of being severely underweight.
Foods that are high in _____ often lead to weight gain. nonnutritive sweeteners nutrient density plant proteins complex carbohydrates energy density
energy density
The best way to use physical activity to assist with weight control is to: exercise daily to make up for high-calorie meals and snacks. go for a brisk walk for 30 minutes twice a week. begin a low-intensity exercise program to "jump start" energy expenditure. exercise daily in conjunction with a substantial reduction in calories. participate in strength-building activities of short duration and many repetitions.
exercise daily in conjunction with a substantial reduction in calories.
In the early stages of food deprivation, the nervous system cannot use _____ as fuel. glycogen fructose glucose fat protein
fat
All of these are complications of obesity surgery except: low blood glucose. dehydration. infection. high blood pressure. nausea.
high blood pressure.
All of the following are risks of being underweight EXCEPT: early death during a famine or in a siege. high risk of developing heart disease. death from starvation when suffering from cancer. high risk of death following surgery. deterioration of nutrition status during hospitalization.
high risk of developing heart disease.
The major role that the hormone ghrelin plays in eating is to signal: the breakdown of stored fat molecules. appetite when receiving an external stimulus. hunger when the stomach is empty. satiation several hours after a meal. satiation when the stomach is full.
hunger when the stomach is empty.
Fad diets are successful in the short term because they: alter the body's metabolism. reduce satiety and hence appetite. provide the best balance of energy nutrients for weight loss. are easy to follow. induce a calorie deficit.
induce a calorie deficit.
A healthy person with an average amount of body fat can survive for six to eight weeks with only water because of _____. thermogenesis lactic acid metabolism acidosis ketosis the conversion of fat into glycogen
ketosis
The appetite-suppressing hormone produced by the adipose tissues is called _____. endorphin insulin thyroxine ghrelin leptin
leptin
A body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9 in an adult indicates ________. normal weight morbid obesity obesity overweight underweight
overweight
All of the following are environmental or lifestyle factors that influence obesity EXCEPT: too little sleep. living in a neighborhood that is poorly lit or unsafe. mental stress. predisposition for greater cellular thermogenesis. low cost and availability of foods with added sugars.
predisposition for greater cellular thermogenesis.
All of these factors increase basal metabolic rate except for _______. fever growth stress starvation extreme heat
starvation
t or f the kidneys and brain regulate the bodys water balance
true
Waist circumference reflects the degree of: visceral fat in proportion to lean tissue. visceral fat in proportion to total body fat. subcutaneous fat in proportion to visceral fat. subcutaneous fat in proportion to total body fat. gynoid obesity.
visceral fat in proportion to total body fat.